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Fàbrega C, Aviñó A, Eritja R. Chemical Modifications in Nucleic Acids for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100270. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carme Fàbrega
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) E-08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) E-08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Jordi Girona 18–26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) E-08034 Barcelona Spain
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Martín-Nieves V, Fàbrega C, Guasch M, Fernández S, Sanghvi YS, Ferrero M, Eritja R. Oligonucleotides Containing 1-Aminomethyl or 1-Mercaptomethyl-2-deoxy-d-ribofuranoses: Synthesis, Purification, Characterization, and Conjugation with Fluorophores and Lipids. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:350-366. [PMID: 33543930 PMCID: PMC9122261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide conjugates are widely used as therapeutic drugs, gene analysis, and diagnostic tools. A critical step in the biologically relevant oligonucleotide conjugates is the design and synthesis of functional molecules that connect oligonucleotide with ligands. Here, we report the synthesis and application for oligonucleotide functionalization of novel tethers based on aminomethyl and mercaptomethyl sugar derivatives. Starting from a common cyano sugar precursor, three novel phosphoramidites have been prepared in the two α- and β-anomeric forms. The mercaptomethyl sugar was protected with the S-acetyl group, while two different protecting groups have been developed for the aminomethyl sugar. These two protecting groups are orthogonal, as they can be removed independently using photolysis or ammonolysis. This combination allowed the introduction of two different ligands in a single oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Martín-Nieves
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carme Fàbrega
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC), 08034-Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08034-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guasch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC), 08034-Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08034-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yogesh S Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, California 92024-6615, United States
| | - Miguel Ferrero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC), 08034-Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08034-Barcelona, Spain
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Chatelain G, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Van Aerschot A. Hybridization potential of oligonucleotides comprising 3'-O-methylated altritol nucleosides. Mol Divers 2012; 16:825-37. [PMID: 23054535 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3'-O-methylated-d-altrohexitol nucleoside analogs (MANA) was synthesized comprising all four base moieties, adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. These monomers were incorporated into oligonucleotides (ONs) by automated solid phase synthesis and the thermal and thermodynamic stability of all new modified constructs were evaluated. Data were compared with results obtained for both anhydrohexitol (HNAs) and 3'-O-altrohexitol-modified ONs (ANAs). We hereby demonstrate that ONs modified with MANA monomers have an improved thermal and thermodynamic stability compared to RNA, ANA, or HNA containing ONs of which the extent depends on the number of incorporated moieties and their position in the sequence. Thermodynamic analysis afforded comparable or even improved results in comparison with the incorporation of locked nucleic acids. While the specificity of these new synthons is slightly lower compared to mismatches within RNA double strands, it is similar to the discrimination potential of other hexitol modifications (HNA and ANA) which already proved their biologic interest, highlighting the potential of MANA constructs in antisense and in siRNA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chatelain
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ocampo SM, Romero C, Aviñó A, Burgueño J, Gassull MA, Bermúdez J, Eritja R, Fernandez E, Perales JC. Functionally enhanced siRNA targeting TNFα attenuates DSS-induced colitis and TLR-mediated immunostimulation in mice. Mol Ther 2011; 20:382-90. [PMID: 22044934 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although TNFα has been extensively targeted using systemic drugs, the use of antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) to drive down its expression at the site of inflammation should provide important advantages. In this study, native and chemically modified siRNA against TNFα was developed and characterized using a murine model of IBD. siRNA with 2'-O-methyl and propanediol modifications (siTNF-OMe-P) were resistant to nuclease degradation and provided better silencing efficacy in vitro as compared to unmodified siRNA. Every modification reduced nonspecific Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immunomodulation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cells. Intrarectal administration of siTNF-OMe-P significantly ameliorated the clinical endpoints and histopathological severity in 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-treated mice as compared to unmodified and other chemically modified siRNAs. Differential gene expression assessed in siTNF-OMe-P-treated animals correlated with improved colon integrity and reduced TLR activation as compared to all treatment groups. All in all, this study demonstrates that propanediol and 2'-O-methyl modifications have profound functional consequences for siRNA efficacy in vivo. Consequently, this strategy has potential implications for therapeutic intervention in IBD and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Ocampo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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D'Alonzo D, Van Aerschot A, Guaragna A, Palumbo G, Schepers G, Capone S, Rozenski J, Herdewijn P. Synthesis and base pairing properties of 1',5'-anhydro-L-hexitol nucleic acids (L-HNA). Chemistry 2010; 15:10121-31. [PMID: 19739223 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides composed of 1',5'-anhydro-arabino-hexitol nucleosides belonging to the L series (L-HNA) were prepared and preliminarily studied as a novel potential base-pairing system. Synthesis of enantiopure L-hexitol nucleotide monomers equipped with a 2'-(N(6)-benzoyladenin-9-yl) or a 2'-(thymin-1-yl) moiety was carried out by a de novo approach based on a domino reaction as key step. The L oligonucleotide analogues were evaluated in duplex formation with natural complements as well as with unnatural sugar-modified oligonucleotides. In many cases stable homo- and heterochiral associations were found. Besides T(m) measurements, detection of heterochiral complexes was unambiguously confirmed by LC-MS studies. Interestingly, circular dichroism measurements of the most stable duplexes suggested that L-HNA form left-handed helices with both D and L oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele D'Alonzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università Federico II, Napoli, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Wang G, Bobkov GV, Mikhailov SN, Schepers G, Van Aerschot A, Rozenski J, Van der Auweraer M, Herdewijn P, De Feyter S. Detection of RNA hybridization by pyrene-labeled probes. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1175-85. [PMID: 19373795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Powerful pyrene probes: Two kinds of pyrene-labeled oligonucleotides (HNA- and RNA-skeleton probes) were explored. The enhanced fluorescence intensity in the monomer region and the disappearance of aggregate/excimer emission in duplexes has been successfully used to detect the hybridization of oligonucleotides. By covalently attaching pyrene chromophores with different linkers onto altritol nucleotides or ribonucleotides, and by varying the number of these pyrene modified altritol nucleotides and ribonucleotides in HNA (hexitol nucleic acid) and RNA, respectively, we have explored the general applicability of pyrene absorbance and especially fluorescence as a probe to monitor RNA hybridization. The results reveal that the backbone of the probes, the number of pyrene units attached and the nature of the tether can all substantially affect the absorbance and fluorescence properties of the probes both in single strand and double strand form. Moreover, the strength of hybridization is also affected. The disappearance of pyrene aggregate/excimer emission and simultaneous increase in monomer emission intensity of the multipyrene-labeled probes has been successfully used to monitor the hybridization of oligonucleotides, including a hairpin structure. Differences in optical response between the HNA- and RNA-skeleton probes upon hybridization indicate that the interaction of pyrene with the nucleobases in both types of duplexes is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Laboratory of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Abramov M, Schepers G, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P. Fmoc-Protected Altritol Phosphoramidite Building Blocks and Their Application in the Synthesis of Altritol Nucleic Acids (ANAs). European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Manoharan M. Oligonucleotide conjugates as potential antisense drugs with improved uptake, biodistribution, targeted delivery, and mechanism of action. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 2002; 12:103-28. [PMID: 12074364 DOI: 10.1089/108729002760070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the effect of conjugating small molecules and large biomacromolecules to antisense oligonucleotides to improve their therapeutic potential. In many cases, favorable changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were observed. Opportunities exist to change the terminating mechanism of antisense action or to enhance the RNase H mode of action via conjugate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Manoharan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
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Van Aerschot A, Meldgaard M, Volders F, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Herdewijn P. Increased RNA affinity of HNA analogues by introducing alkoxy substituents at the C-1 or C-3 position. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:781-4. [PMID: 11563115 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Anhydrohexitol nucleoside congeners with alkoxy substituents, were prepared, resulting in a further improvement of their RNA affinity and antisense potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Aerschot
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Dheur S, Dias N, van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P, Bettinger T, Rémy JS, Hélène C, Saison-Behmoaras ET. Polyethylenimine but not cationic lipid improves antisense activity of 3'-capped phosphodiester oligonucleotides. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 1999; 9:515-25. [PMID: 10645777 DOI: 10.1089/oli.1.1999.9.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipofectin, which is a mixture of neutral lipid with a cationic lipid, has been widely used to enhance cellular delivery of phosphorothioate, 2'-sugar-modified, and chimeric antisense oligonucleotides. Phosphodiester oligonucleotides delivered with Lipofectin usually do not elicit antisense activity probably because cationic lipid formulations do not sufficiently protect unmodified oligonucleotides from nuclease degradation. We show that a cationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI), improves the uptake and antisense activity of 3'-capped 20-mer and 12-mer antisense phosphodiester oligonucleotides (PO-ODN) targeted to different regions of Ha-ras mRNA and to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of C-raf kinase. In contrast, PEI, which forms a very stable complex with the 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (PS-ODN), does not enhance its antisense activity. Using fluorescently labeled carriers and ODN, we show that PEI-PS-ODN particles are very efficiently taken up by cells but PS-ODN is not dissociated from the carrier. Our results indicate that carrier-ODN particle size and stability and ODN release kinetics vary with the chemical nature of the ODN and the carrier being transfected into the cells. The very low cost of PEI compared with cytofectins and the increased affinity for target mRNA and decreased affinity for proteins of PO-ODN compared with PS-ODN make the use of PEI-PO-ODN very attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dheur
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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11
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Khan K, Van Schepdael A, Saison-Behmoaras T, Van Aerschot A, Hoogmartens J. Analysis of antisense oligonucleotides by on-capillary isotachophoresis and capillary polymer sieving electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:2163-8. [PMID: 9761198 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made to evaluate the stability of an antisense oligonucleotide against nucleases present in HBL 100ras cells. To detect nanomolar concentrations of the oligonucleotide, a sensitive detection system was required. A combination of capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) with fluorescence derivatization did not improve the sensitivity significantly and also resulted in loss of separation of the derivatized sample. On-column isotachophoresis for the preconcentration of oligonucleotide samples in DB-17 coated capillaries filled with hydroxyethyl cellulose solution could be an alternative. The isotachophoresis (ITP) step allows injection of up to 40% of the capillary volume without loss in peak resolution and peak efficiency. Using ITP-capillary polymer sieving electrophoresis (CPSE), the limit of quantitation at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 was 73 ng/mL for a 12-mer oligonucleotide. Using these conditions, the gain in sensitivity was 125.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, K.U. Leuven, Belgium. kamran=khan%fca%
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Ceulemans G, Van Aerschot A, Wroblowski B, Rozenski J, Hendrix C, Herdewijn P. Oligonucleotide Analogues with 4-Hydroxy-N-Acetylprolinol as Sugar Substitute. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Khan K, Liekens K, Van Aerschot A, Van Schepdael A, Hoogmartens J. Stability measurement of oligonucleotides in serum samples using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 702:69-76. [PMID: 9449557 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro stability study of unmodified and modified antisense oligonucleotides in human serum was performed with a previously developed capillary electrophoretic method using either micellar solution or entangled polymer solution depending on the oligonucleotide length to be separated. A method has been devised and validated for the extraction of oligonucleotides from serum using anion-exchange centrifugal filter units. The extracted samples were desalted by a drop dialysis method. The serum half-lives and the degradation patterns of unmodified and modified oligonucleotides are compared. The modified oligonucleotide used in this study is protected from exonuclease activity present in human serum by terminal 1,3-propanediol modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Leuven, Belgium
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Hendrix C, Rosemeyer H, Verheggen I, Van Aerschot A, Seela F, Herdewijn P. 1′, 5′ -Anhydrohexitol Oligonucleotides: Synthesis, Base Pairing and Recognition by Regular Oligodeoxyribonucleotides and Oligoribonucleotides. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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