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Gupta T, Sahu RP, Dabaghi M, Zhong LS, Shargall Y, Hirota JA, Richards CD, Puri IK. Biophysical and Biochemical Regulation of Cell Dynamics in Magnetically Assembled Cellular Structures. ACS Omega 2023; 8:19976-19986. [PMID: 37305294 PMCID: PMC10249138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soluble signaling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell dynamics in various biological processes. Wound healing assays are widely used to study cell dynamics in response to physiological stimuli. However, traditional scratch-based assays can damage the underlying ECM-coated substrates. Here, we use a rapid, non-destructive, label-free magnetic exclusion technique to form annular aggregates of bronchial epithelial cells on tissue-culture treated (TCT) and ECM-coated surfaces within 3 h. The cell-free areas enclosed by the annular aggregates are measured at different times to assess cell dynamics. The effects of various signaling molecules, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), oncostatin M, and interleukin 6, on cell-free area closures are investigated for each surface condition. Surface characterization techniques are used to measure the topography and wettability of the surfaces. Further, we demonstrate the formation of annular aggregates on human lung fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel surfaces, which mimic the native tissue architecture. The cell-free area closures on hydrogels indicate that the substrate properties modulate EGF-mediated cell dynamics. The magnetic exclusion-based assay is a rapid and versatile alternative to traditional wound healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaghna Gupta
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone
Institute for Respiratory Health−Division of Respirology, Dept
of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lily Shengjia Zhong
- Integrated
Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yaron Shargall
- Division
of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Firestone
Institute for Respiratory Health−Division of Respirology, Dept
of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Carl D. Richards
- McMaster
Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department
of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Khoa ND, Li S, Phuong NL, Kuga K, Yabuuchi H, Kan-O K, Matsumoto K, Ito K. Computational fluid-particle dynamics modeling of ultrafine to coarse particles deposition in the human respiratory system, down to the terminal bronchiole. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 237:107589. [PMID: 37167881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Suspended respirable airborne particles are associated with human health risks and especially particles within the range of ultrafine (< 0.1 μm) or fine (< 2.5 μm) have a high possibility of penetrating the lung region, which is concerned to be closely related to the bronchial or alveoli tissue dosimetry. Nature complex structure of the respiratory system requires much effort to explore and comprehend the flow and the inhaled particle dynamics for precise health risk assessment. Therefore, this study applied the computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) method to elucidate the deposition characteristics of ultrafine-to-coarse particles in the human respiratory tract from nostrils to the 16th generation of terminal bronchi. METHODS The realistic bronchi up to the 8th generation are precisely and perfectly generated from computed tomography (CT) images, and an artificial model compensates for the 9th-16th bronchioles. Herein, the steady airflow is simulated at constant breathing flow rates of 7.5, 15, and 30 L/min, reproducing human resting-intense activity. Then, trajectories of the particle size ranging from 0.002 - 10 μm are tracked using a discrete phase model. RESULTS Here, we report reliable results of airflow patterns and particle deposition efficiency in the human respiratory system validated against experimental data. The individual-related focal point of ultrafine and fine particles deposition rates was actualized at the 8th generation; whilst the hot-spot of the deposited coarse particles was found in the 6th generation. Lobar deposition characterizes the dominance of coarse particles deposited in the right lower lobe, whereas the left upper-lower and right lower lobes simultaneously occupy high deposition rates for ultrafine particles. Finally, the results indicate a higher deposition in the right lung compared to its counterpart. CONCLUSIONS From the results, the developed realistic human respiratory system down to the terminal bronchiole in this study, in coupling with the CFPD method, delivers the accurate prediction of a wide range of particles in terms of particle dosimetry and visualization of site-specific in the consecutive respiratory system. In addition, the series of CFPD analyses and their results are to offer in-depth information on particle behavior in human bronchioles, which may benefit health risk assessment or drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dang Khoa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Sixiao Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Nguyen Lu Phuong
- Faculty of Environment, University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Kazuki Kuga
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetake Yabuuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kan-O
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ito
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Nof E, Zidan H, Artzy-Schnirman A, Mouhadeb O, Beckerman M, Bhardwaj S, Elias-Kirma S, Gur D, Beth-Din A, Levenberg S, Korin N, Ordentlich A, Sznitman J. Human Multi-Compartment Airways-on-Chip Platform for Emulating Respiratory Airborne Transmission: From Nose to Pulmonary Acini. Front Physiol 2022; 13:853317. [PMID: 35350687 PMCID: PMC8957966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.853317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous endeavors to deliver novel preclinical in vitro lung models for pulmonary research endpoints, including foremost with the advent of organ- and lung-on-chips. With growing interest in aerosol transmission and infection of respiratory viruses within a host, most notably the SARS-CoV-2 virus amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of crosstalk between the different lung regions (i.e., extra-thoracic, conductive and respiratory), with distinct cellular makeups and physiology, are acknowledged to play an important role in the progression of the disease from the initial onset of infection. In the present Methods article, we designed and fabricated to the best of our knowledge the first multi-compartment human airway-on-chip platform to serve as a preclinical in vitro benchmark underlining regional lung crosstalk for viral infection pathways. Combining microfabrication and 3D printing techniques, our platform mimics key elements of the respiratory system spanning (i) nasal passages that serve as the alleged origin of infections, (ii) the mid-bronchial airway region and (iii) the deep acinar region, distinct with alveolated airways. Crosstalk between the three components was exemplified in various assays. First, viral-load (including SARS-CoV-2) injected into the apical partition of the nasal compartment was detected in distal bronchial and acinar components upon applying physiological airflow across the connected compartment models. Secondly, nebulized viral-like dsRNA, poly I:C aerosols were administered to the nasal apical compartment, transmitted to downstream compartments via respiratory airflows and leading to an elevation in inflammatory cytokine levels secreted by distinct epithelial cells in each respective compartment. Overall, our assays establish an in vitro methodology that supports the hypothesis for viral-laden airflow mediated transmission through the respiratory system cellular landscape. With a keen eye for broader end user applications, we share detailed methodologies for fabricating, assembling, calibrating, and using our multi-compartment platform, including open-source fabrication files. Our platform serves as an early proof-of-concept that can be readily designed and adapted to specific preclinical pulmonary research endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliram Nof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hikaia Zidan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Saurabh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Elias-Kirma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Didi Gur
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Ordentlich
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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