Innovations in healthcare delivery: Human papilloma virus self sampling diagnostics and participatory innovations for CCS

Vaccination and screening strategies to accelerate cervical cancer elimination in Norway: a model-based analysis

BACKGROUND

Experts have proposed an 'EVEN FASTER' concept targeting age-groups maintaining circulation of human papillomavirus (HPV). We explored effects of the vaccination component of these proposals compared with cervical cancer (CC) screening-based interventions on age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and CC elimination (<4 cases/100,000) timing in Norway.

METHODS

We used a model-based approach to evaluate HPV vaccination and CC screening scenarios compared with a status-quo scenario reflecting previous vaccination and screening. For cohorts ages 25-30 years, we examined 6 vaccination scenarios that incrementally increased vaccination coverage from current cohort-specific rates. Each vaccination scenario was coupled with three screening strategies that varied screening frequency. Additionally, we included 4 scenarios that alternatively increased screening adherence. Population- and cohort-level outcomes included ASR, lifetime risk of CC, and colposcopy referrals.

RESULTS

Several vaccination strategies coupled with de-intensified screening frequencies lowered ASR, but did not accelerate CC elimination. Alternative strategies that increased screening adherence could both accelerate elimination and improve ASR.

CONCLUSIONS

The vaccination component of an 'EVEN FASTER' campaign is unlikely to accelerate CC elimination in Norway but may reduce population-level ASR. Alternatively, targeting under- and never-screeners may both eliminate CC faster and lead to greater health benefits compared with vaccination-based interventions we considered.

Empowering Women's Health: Insights Into HPV Vaccination and the Prevention of Invasive Cervical Cancer

This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in empowering women's health by preventing invasive cervical cancer. Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, with HPV infection identified as a primary causative factor. The review synthesizes current research findings, epidemiological data, and clinical outcomes to offer a nuanced understanding of the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical cancer prevention. The article explores the biology of HPV, emphasizing its association with cervical carcinogenesis and the development of precancerous lesions. It delves into the epidemiology of HPV infection, highlighting the global prevalence and the burden of cervical cancer, particularly in low-resource settings. The socio-economic factors influencing HPV transmission and cervical cancer incidence are also discussed. The focus of the review is on the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccines, including an examination of vaccine types, dosages, and long-term effectiveness. Insights into the immunological responses triggered by vaccination, as well as the duration of protection against HPV infection and associated cancers, are presented. Special attention is given to addressing myths and misconceptions surrounding HPV vaccination, aiming to enhance public awareness and acceptance. Additionally, the review discusses the impact of vaccination programs on population-wide HPV prevalence and the subsequent reduction in cervical cancer rates. It explores challenges related to vaccine accessibility, affordability, and coverage, especially in underserved populations. Strategies for improving vaccine uptake and ensuring equitable distribution are considered, with a focus on empowering women through education and healthcare access. Furthermore, the article touches upon emerging trends in HPV research, such as the development of next-generation vaccines, therapeutic interventions for existing infections, and the potential for global HPV elimination. The integration of HPV vaccination into comprehensive women's health programs is advocated, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to cervical cancer prevention. In conclusion, this review provides a multifaceted exploration of HPV vaccination as a pivotal tool in empowering women's health by preventing invasive cervical cancer. The synthesis of current knowledge underscores the need for continued research, education, and global collaboration to ensure the widespread success of HPV vaccination initiatives, ultimately contributing to the advancement of women's health worldwide.