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Woo S, Saka SK, Xuan F, Yin P. Molecular robotic agents that survey molecular landscapes for information retrieval. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3293. [PMID: 38632239 PMCID: PMC11024175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA-based artificial motors have allowed the recapitulation of biological functions and the creation of new features. Here, we present a molecular robotic system that surveys molecular environments and reports spatial information in an autonomous and repeated manner. A group of molecular agents, termed 'crawlers', roam around and copy information from DNA-labeled targets, generating records that reflect their trajectories. Based on a mechanism that allows random crawling, we show that our system is capable of counting the number of subunits in example molecular complexes. Our system can also detect multivalent proximities by generating concatenated records from multiple local interactions. We demonstrate this capability by distinguishing colocalization patterns of three proteins inside fixed cells under different conditions. These mechanisms for examining molecular landscapes may serve as a basis towards creating large-scale detailed molecular interaction maps inside the cell with nanoscale resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Woo
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
| | - Sinem K Saka
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Genome Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Xuan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Spear Bio Inc., Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Shrivastava A, Du Y, Adepu HK, Li R, Madhvacharyula AS, Swett AA, Choi JH. Motility of Synthetic Cells from Engineered Lipids. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2789-2801. [PMID: 37729546 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cells are artificial systems that resemble natural cells. Significant efforts have been made over the years to construct synthetic protocells that can mimic biological mechanisms and perform various complex processes. These include compartmentalization, metabolism, energy supply, communication, and gene reproduction. Cell motility is also of great importance, as nature uses elegant mechanisms for intracellular trafficking, immune response, and embryogenesis. In this review, we discuss the motility of synthetic cells made from lipid vesicles and relevant molecular mechanisms. Synthetic cell motion may be classified into surface-based or solution-based depending on whether it involves interactions with surfaces or movement in fluids. Collective migration behaviors have also been demonstrated. The swarm motion requires additional mechanisms for intercellular signaling and directional motility that enable communication and coordination among the synthetic vesicles. In addition, intracellular trafficking for molecular transport has been reconstituted in minimal cells with the help of DNA nanotechnology. These efforts demonstrate synthetic cells that can move, detect, respond, and interact. We envision that new developments in protocell motility will enhance our understanding of biological processes and be instrumental in bioengineering and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwary Shrivastava
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yancheng Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Harshith K Adepu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ruixin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anirudh S Madhvacharyula
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander A Swett
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, 701 W. Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Li R, Madhvacharyula AS, Du Y, Adepu HK, Choi JH. Mechanics of dynamic and deformable DNA nanostructures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8018-8046. [PMID: 37538812 PMCID: PMC10395309 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In DNA nanotechnology, DNA molecules are designed, engineered, and assembled into arbitrary-shaped architectures with predesigned functions. Static DNA assemblies often have delicate designs with structural rigidity to overcome thermal fluctuations. Dynamic structures reconfigure in response to external cues, which have been explored to create functional nanodevices for environmental sensing and other applications. However, the precise control of reconfiguration dynamics has been a challenge due partly to flexible single-stranded DNA connections between moving parts. Deformable structures are special dynamic constructs with deformation on double-stranded parts and single-stranded hinges during transformation. These structures often have better control in programmed deformation. However, related deformability and mechanics including transformation mechanisms are not well understood or documented. In this review, we summarize the development of dynamic and deformable DNA nanostructures from a mechanical perspective. We present deformation mechanisms such as single-stranded DNA hinges with lock-and-release pairs, jack edges, helicity modulation, and external loading. Theoretical and computational models are discussed for understanding their associated deformations and mechanics. We elucidate the pros and cons of each model and recommend design processes based on the models. The design guidelines should be useful for those who have limited knowledge in mechanics as well as expert DNA designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Anirudh S Madhvacharyula
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Yancheng Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Harshith K Adepu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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4
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Dong J, Ouyang Y, Wang J, O’Hagan MP, Willner I. Assembly of Dynamic Gated and Cascaded Transient DNAzyme Networks. ACS Nano 2022; 16:6153-6164. [PMID: 35294174 PMCID: PMC9047661 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic transient formation and depletion of G-quadruplexes regulate gene replication and transcription. This process was found to be related to various diseases such as cancer and premature aging. We report on the engineering of nucleic acid modules revealing dynamic, transient assembly and disassembly of G-quadruplex structures and G-quadruplex-based DNAzymes, gated transient processes, and cascaded dynamic transient reactions that involve G-quadruplex and DNAzyme structures. The dynamic transient processes are driven by functional DNA reaction modules activated by a fuel strand and guided toward dissipative operation by a nicking enzyme (Nt.BbvCI). The dynamic networks were further characterized by computational simulation of the experiments using kinetic models, allowing us to predict the dynamic performance of the networks under different auxiliary conditions applied to the systems. The systems reported herein could provide functional DNA machineries for the spatiotemporal control of G-quadruplex structures perturbing gene expression and thus provide a therapeutic means for related emergent diseases.
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Xue Y, Wang Y, Feng S, Yan M, Huang J, Yang X. Label-Free and Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Amplification Detection of Target Nucleic Acids Based on Transduction Hairpins and Three-Leg DNAzyme Walkers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8962-8970. [PMID: 34130449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are regarded as reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases. By ingeniously combining a transduction hairpin (THP) with the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (TSDR) to form three-leg DNAzyme walkers, for the first time, we constructed a label-free and sensitive electrochemical sensing system for the amplification detection of target nucleic acids. With microRNA-155 (miR-155) as a model target, the feasibility of the biosensing strategy and the conformational states of DNA in the recognition process were studied in detail on the basis of electrochemical and dual polarization interferometry techniques. With the assistance of THP, miR-155 indirectly triggered the TSDR between three hairpins (H1, H2, and H3), then massive Mg2+-dependent three-leg DNAzyme walkers were formed in aqueous solutions. After the binding/cleaving/moving process of three-leg DNAzyme walkers on the electrode surface modified with substrate hairpins (SHPs), a number of single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) were generated. Hence, the interaction of methylene blue (MB) with the duplex section of SHPs was impeded, which brought about a decreased electrochemical signal. Benefiting from the cyclic amplification of the TSDR and the higher cleavage activity of three-leg DNAzyme walkers, the proposed sensing strategy showed remarkable improvement in sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.27 fM for miR-155. Owing to the precise design of the THP, this method exhibited excellent specificity to distinguish miR-155 from the single-base and triplex-base mismatched sequences. This sensing strategy importing the flexible THP can be utilized to detect various nucleic acid biomarkers by only redesigning the THP without changing the main circuit or reporter constructs, showing the great versatility and potential for the early diagnostics and biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sinuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mengxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianshe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Li R, Chen H, Lee H, Choi JH. Elucidating the Mechanical Energy for Cyclization of a DNA Origami Tile. Applied Sciences 2021; 11:2357. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA origami has emerged as a versatile method to synthesize nanostructures with high precision. This bottom-up self-assembly approach can produce not only complex static architectures, but also dynamic reconfigurable structures with tunable properties. While DNA origami has been explored increasingly for diverse applications, such as biomedical and biophysical tools, related mechanics are also under active investigation. Here we studied the structural properties of DNA origami and investigated the energy needed to deform the DNA structures. We used a single-layer rectangular DNA origami tile as a model system and studied its cyclization process. This origami tile was designed with an inherent twist by placing crossovers every 16 base-pairs (bp), corresponding to a helical pitch of 10.67 bp/turn, which is slightly different from that of native B-form DNA (~10.5 bp/turn). We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a coarse-grained model on an open-source computational platform, oxDNA. We calculated the energies needed to overcome the initial curvature and induce mechanical deformation by applying linear spring forces. We found that the initial curvature may be overcome gradually during cyclization and a total of ~33.1 kcal/mol is required to complete the deformation. These results provide insights into the DNA origami mechanics and should be useful for diverse applications such as adaptive reconfiguration and energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hengming Qiu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Abstract
DNA walkers are molecular machines that can move with high precision onthe nanoscale due to their structural and functional programmability. Despite recent advances in the field that allow exploring different energy sources, stimuli, and mechanisms of action for these nanomachines, the continuous operation and reusability of DNA walkers remains challenging because in most cases the steps, once taken by the walker, cannot be taken again. Herein we report the path regeneration of a burnt-bridges DNA catenane walker using RNase A. This walker uses a T7RNA polymerase that produces long RNA transcripts to hybridize to the path and move forward while the RNA remains hybridized to the path and blocks it for an additional walking cycle. We show that RNA degradation triggered by RNase A restores the path and returns the walker to the initial position. RNase inhibition restarts the function of the walker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchLudwig-Erhard-Allee 253175BonnGermany
- Present address: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center—INANO-MBG, iNANO-husetGustav Wieds Vej 14, building 1592, 3288000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Michael Famulok
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchLudwig-Erhard-Allee 253175BonnGermany
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9
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Valero J, Škugor M. Mechanisms, Methods of Tracking and Applications of DNA Walkers: A Review. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1971-1988. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Marko Škugor
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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10
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Valero J, Famulok M. Regeneration of Burnt Bridges on a DNA Catenane Walker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
- Present address: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center—INANO-MBG, iNANO-huset Gustav Wieds Vej 14, building 1592, 328 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Michael Famulok
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Yan J, Wen N, Xiong H, Cai S, He Q, Peng D, Liu Z, Liu Y. Dynamic DNA Assemblies in Biomedical Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000557. [PMID: 32714763 PMCID: PMC7375253 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been widely used to construct homogeneous structures with increasing complexity for biological and biomedical applications due to their powerful functionalities. Especially, dynamic DNA assemblies (DDAs) have demonstrated the ability to simulate molecular motions and fluctuations in bionic systems. DDAs, including DNA robots, DNA probes, DNA nanochannels, DNA templates, etc., can perform structural transformations or predictable behaviors in response to corresponding stimuli and show potential in the fields of single molecule sensing, drug delivery, molecular assembly, etc. A wave of exploration of the principles in designing and usage of DDAs has occurred, however, knowledge on these concepts is still limited. Although some previous reviews have been reported, systematic and detailed reviews are rare. To achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms in DDAs, herein, the recent progress on the fundamental principles regarding DDAs and their applications are summarized. The relative assembly principles and computer-aided software for their designing are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of each software are discussed. The motional mechanisms of the DDAs are classified into exogenous and endogenous stimuli-triggered responses. The special dynamic behaviors of DDAs in biomedical applications are also summarized. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of DDAs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Nachuan Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Xiong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Shundong Cai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Qunye He
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Dongming Peng
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410013P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410083P. R. China
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He JL, Zhang Y, Mei TT, Tang L, Huang SY, Cao Z. Telomerase-triggered DNAzyme spiders for exponential amplified assay of cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 144:111692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Seidi K, Jaymand M, Schmidt TL, Majdi H, Javaheri T, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Zare P. Dynamic DNA nanostructures in biomedicine: Beauty, utility and limits. J Control Release 2019; 315:166-185. [PMID: 31669209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA composite materials are at the forefront, especially for biomedical science, as they can increase the efficacy and safety of current therapies and drug delivery systems. The specificity and predictability of the Watson-Crick base pairing make DNA an excellent building material for the production of programmable and multifunctional objects. In addition, the principle of nucleic acid hybridization can be applied to realize mobile nanostructures, such as those reflected in DNA walkers that sort and collect cargo on DNA tracks, DNA robots performing tasks within living cells and/or DNA tweezers as ultra-sensitive biosensors. In this review, we present the diversity of dynamic DNA nanostructures functionalized with different biomolecules/functional units, imaging smart biomaterials capable of sensing, interacting, delivery and performing complex tasks within living cells/organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Thorsten L Schmidt
- Physics Department, 103 Smith Hall, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
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Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Jaymand M, Alizadeh E, Majdi H, Najjar R, Javaheri T, Zare P. Static DNA Nanostructures For Cancer Theranostics: Recent Progress In Design And Applications. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2019; 12:25-46. [PMID: 31686793 PMCID: PMC6800557 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s227193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various nano/biomaterials used in cancer treatment, the beauty and benefits of DNA nanocomposites are outstanding. The specificity and programmability of the base pairing of DNA strands, together with their ability to conjugate with different types of functionalities have realized unsurpassed potential for the production of two- and three-dimensional nano-sized structures in any shape, size, surface chemistry and functionality. This review aims to provide an insight into the diversity of static DNA nanodevices, including DNA origami, DNA polyhedra, DNA origami arrays and bioreactors, DNA nanoswitch, DNA nanoflower, hydrogel and dendrimer as young but promising platforms for cancer theranostics. The utility and potential of the individual formats in biomedical science and especially in cancer therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz9841, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz9841, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz9841, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center (NDDRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah9883, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz9841, Iran
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz9841, Iran
| | - Reza Najjar
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz9841, Iran
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw01-938, Poland
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Zhang J, Lan T, Lu Y. Molecular Engineering of Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials toward In Vivo Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801158. [PMID: 30725526 PMCID: PMC6426685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and engineering have generated many nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, numerous nanomaterials are introduced into many research areas, such as sensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, point-of-care diagnostics, and as transducers for solar energy transfer. Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including nucleic acid enzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, have attracted major attention from the biomedical community due to their unique target recognition and catalytic properties. Benefiting from the recent progress of molecular engineering strategies, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are endowed by the target recognition and catalytic activity of FNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in numerous smart nanoprobes for diverse applications including intracellular imaging, drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and tumor therapy. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering FNA-based nanomaterials, highlighting the functional outcomes toward in vivo applications. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of FNA-based nanomaterials into clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 2100 S. Oak Street Suite 101, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Abstract
DNA self-assembly offers a powerful means to construct complex nanostructures and program dynamic molecular processes such as strand displacement. DNA nanosystems pack high structural complexity in a small scale (typically, <100 nm) and span dynamic features over long periods of time, which bring new challenges for characterizations. The spatial and temporal features of DNA nanosystems require novel experimental methods capable of high resolution imaging over long time periods. This article reviews recent advances in optical imaging methods for characterizing self-assembled DNA nanosystems, with particular emphasis on super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. Several advanced strategies are developed to obtain accurate and detailed images of intricate DNA nanogeometries and to perform precise tracking of molecular motions in dynamic processes. We present state-of-the-art instruments and imaging strategies including localization microscopy and spectral imaging. We discuss how they are used in biological studies and biomedical applications, and also provide current challenges and future outlook. Overall, this review serves as a practical guide in optical microscopy for the field of DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Yan T, Zhu L, Ju H, Lei J. DNA-Walker-Induced Allosteric Switch for Tandem Signal Amplification with Palladium Nanoparticles/Metal-Organic Framework Tags in Electrochemical Biosensing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14493-14499. [PMID: 30472833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A DNA walker as a new molecular machine can walk on defined tracks to directly generate signal indicators in biosensing and biomedical applications. In this work, a tandem signal amplification strategy was developed on the basis of the DNA-walker-induced conformation switch for bridging palladium nanoparticles/metal-organic framework tags in ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensing. The signal tags were synthesized by in situ reduction of Pd nanocrystals on porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (PCN-224), followed by conjugation with streptavidin (SA). The as-prepared Pd/PCN-224-SA tag could electrocatalyze the oxidation of NaBH4 with high efficiency for signal readout. The presence of target DNA released swing arms that were each silenced by a blocker, and then the activated swing arms could hybridize with hairpin DNA. The movement of swing arms was powered by enzymatic cleavage of conjugated oligonucleotides, inducing the allosteric switch from hairpin to SA aptamer. Therefore, Pd/PCN-224-SA tags were brought onto the electrode surface via SA-aptamer biorecognition to generate the enhanced electrochemical signal. The DNA walker-based electrochemical biosensor demonstrated good performance such as 6 orders of magnitude linear range, femtomolar detection limit, and single mismatch differentiation ability. Moreover, the feasibility of the biosensor was identified in serum matrixes. The tandem signal amplification of metal-organic frameworks and DNA walkers provided a new avenue in trace electrochemical biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Longyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Abstract
DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are normally isolated through in vitro selection methods, among which RNA-cleaving DNAzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a single RNA linkage embedded within a DNA strand are the most studied group of this DNA enzyme family. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology and engineering have generated many RNA-cleaving DNAzymes with unique recognition and catalytic properties. Over the past decade, numerous RNA-cleaving, DNAzymes-based functional probes have been introduced into many research areas, such as in vitro diagnostics, intracellular imaging, and in vivo therapeutics. This review focus on the fundamental insight into RNA-Cleaving DNAzymes and technical tricks for their intracellular and in vivo applications, highlighting the recent progress in the clinical trial of RNA-Cleaving DNAzymes with selected examples. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of RNA-cleaving DNAzymes for biomedicine are also discussed.
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Pan J, Cha TG, Li F, Chen H, Bragg NA, Choi JH. Visible/near-infrared subdiffraction imaging reveals the stochastic nature of DNA walkers. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1601600. [PMID: 28116353 PMCID: PMC5249260 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA walkers are designed with the structural specificity and functional diversity of oligonucleotides to actively convert chemical energy into mechanical translocation. Compared to natural protein motors, DNA walkers' small translocation distance (mostly <100 nm) and slow reaction rate (<0.1 nm s-1) make single-molecule characterization of their kinetics elusive. An important indication of single-walker kinetics is the rate-limiting reactions that a particular walker design bears. We introduce an integrated super-resolved fluorescence microscopy approach that is capable of long-term imaging to investigate the stochastic behavior of DNA walkers. Subdiffraction tracking and imaging in the visible and second near-infrared spectra resolve walker structure and reaction rates. The distributions of walker kinetics are analyzed using a stochastic model to reveal reaction randomness and the rate-limiting biochemical reaction steps.
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