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Lätsch L, Guda SA, Romankov V, Wartmann C, Neudörfl JM, Dreiser J, Berkessel A, Guda AA, Copéret C. Tracking Coordination Environment and Reaction Intermediates in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysts via Ti L 2,3-Edge Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7456-7466. [PMID: 38447178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ti-based molecules and materials are ubiquitous and play a major role in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. Understanding the electronic structures of their active sites (oxidation state, local symmetry, and ligand environment) is key to developing molecular-level structure-property relationships. In that context, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) offers a unique combination of elemental selectivity and sensitivity to local symmetry. Commonly, for early transition metals such as Ti, K-edge XAS is applied for in situ characterization and subsequent structural analysis with high sensitivity toward tetrahedral species. Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopy is in principle complementary and offers specific opportunities to interrogate the electronic structure of five-and six-coordinated species. It is, however, much more rarely implemented because the use of soft X-rays implies ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Furthermore, the interpretation of the data can be challenging. Here, we show how Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopy can help to obtain unique information about both homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts and develop a molecular-level relationship between spectroscopic signatures and electronic structures. Toward this goal, we first establish a spectral library of molecular Ti reference compounds, comprising various coordination environments with mono- and dimeric Ti species having O, N, and Cl ligands. We next implemented a computational methodology based on multiplet ligand field theory and maximally localized Wannier orbitals benchmarked on our library to understand Ti L2,3-edge spectroscopic signatures. We finally used this approach to track and predict the spectra of catalytically relevant intermediates, focusing on Ti-based olefin epoxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lätsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH 8093Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178324, 344090Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178324, 344090Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH 8093Zurich, Switzerland
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Wartmann C, Nandi S, Neudörfl JM, Berkessel A. Titanium Salalen Catalyzed Enantioselective Benzylic Hydroxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306584. [PMID: 37366111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The titanium complex of the cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (cis-DACH) derived Berkessel-salalen ligand is a highly efficient and enantioselective catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide ("Berkessel-Katsuki catalyst"). We herein report that this epoxidation catalyst also effects the highly enantioselective hydroxylation of benzylic C-H bonds with hydrogen peroxide. Mechanism-based ligand optimization identified a novel nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst of the highest efficiency ever reported for asymmetric catalytic benzylic hydroxylation, with enantioselectivities of up to 98 % ee, while overoxidation to ketone is marginal. The novel nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst also shows enhanced epoxidation efficiency, as evidenced by e.g. the conversion of 1-decene to its epoxide in 90 % yield with 94 % ee, at a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol-% only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiny Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Xu H, Xu H, Cheng D. Resolving the Reaction Mechanism for Oxidative Hydration of Ethylene toward Ethylene Glycol by Titanosilicate Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daojian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Severin F, Fusi GM, Wartmann C, Neudörfl J, Berkessel A. syn
‐Selective Epoxidation of Chiral Terminal Allylic Alcohols with a Titanium Salalen Catalyst and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201790. [PMID: 35349213 PMCID: PMC9325473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of chiral secondary allylic alcohols, one substrate enantiomer is predominantly converted to the anti‐epoxy alcohol. We herein report the first highly syn‐selective epoxidation of terminal allylic alcohols using a titanium salalen complex as catalyst, at room temperature, and aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. With enantiopure terminal allylic alcohols as substrates, the epoxy alcohols were obtained with up to 98 % yield and up to >99 : 1 dr (syn). Catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol % can be applied without eroding the syn‐diastereoselectivity. Modification of the allylic alcohol to an ether does not affect the diastereoselectivity either [>99 : 1 dr (syn)]. Inverting the catalyst configuration leads to the anti‐product, albeit at lower dr (ca. 20 : 1). The synthetic potential is demonstrated by a short, gram‐scale preparation of a tetrahydrofuran building block with three stereocenters, involving two titanium salalen catalyzed epoxidation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Severin
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Giovanni M. Fusi
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia—DiSAT Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Jörg‐Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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6
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Severin F, Fusi GM, Wartmann C, Neudörfl J, Berkessel A. syn
‐Selective Epoxidation of Chiral Terminal Allylic Alcohols with a Titanium Salalen Catalyst and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Severin
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Giovanni M. Fusi
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia—DiSAT Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Jörg‐Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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Engler H, Lansing M, Gordon CP, Neudörfl JM, Schäfer M, Schlörer NE, Copéret C, Berkessel A. Olefin Epoxidation Catalyzed by Titanium–Salalen Complexes: Synergistic H 2O 2 Activation by Dinuclear Ti Sites, Ligand H-Bonding, and π-Acidity. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Engler
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Lansing
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg-M. Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Gordon CP, Engler H, Tragl AS, Plodinec M, Lunkenbein T, Berkessel A, Teles JH, Parvulescu AN, Copéret C. Efficient epoxidation over dinuclear sites in titanium silicalite-1. Nature 2020; 586:708-713. [PMID: 33116285 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is a zeolitic material with MFI framework structure, in which 1 to 2 per cent of the silicon atoms are substituted for titanium atoms. It is widely used in industry owing to its ability to catalytically epoxidize olefins with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leaving only water as a byproduct1,2; around one million tonnes of propylene oxide are produced each year using this process3. The catalytic properties of TS-1 are generally attributed to the presence of isolated Ti(IV) sites within the zeolite framework1. However, despite almost 40 years of experimental and computational investigation4-10, the structure of these active Ti(IV) sites is unconfirmed, owing to the challenges of fully characterizing TS-1. Here, using a combination of spectroscopy and microscopy, we characterize in detail a series of highly active and selective TS-1 propylene epoxidation catalysts with well dispersed titanium atoms. We find that, on contact with H217O2, all samples exhibit a characteristic solid-state 17O nuclear magnetic resonance signature that is indicative of the formation of bridging peroxo species on dinuclear titanium sites. Further, density functional theory calculations indicate that cooperativity between two titanium atoms enables propylene epoxidation via a low-energy reaction pathway with a key oxygen-transfer transition state similar to that of olefin epoxidation by peracids. We therefore propose that dinuclear titanium sites, rather than isolated titanium atoms in the framework, explain the high efficiency of TS-1 in propylene epoxidation with H2O2. This revised view of the active-site structure may enable further optimization of TS-1 and the industrial epoxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hauke Engler
- Department of Chemistry, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amadeus Samuel Tragl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milivoj Plodinec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Dolja E, Funken N, Slak D, Schnakenburg G, Gansäuer A. A Divergent Duo: Palladium Catalyzed Carboamination in Enantioselective Desymmetrization and Regiodivergent Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etilia Dolja
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Nico Funken
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Daniel Slak
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 Bonn 53121 Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard Domagk-Straße 1 Bonn 53121 Germany
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10
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Jin WT, Yang F, Deng L, Chen ML, Chen JF, Chen HB, Zhou ZH. Wheel-Like Icosanuclear Peroxotitanate-A Stable Water-Soluble Catalyst for Oxygen Transfer Reactions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14116-14122. [PMID: 30376302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble wheel-like icosanuclear peroxotitanate K16[Ti20(μ-O)8(HO2)8(O2)12( R, R-tart)12]·52H2O (1) chelated by tartrate has been successfully isolated. As the largest peroxotitanate reported, {Ti20} features 20 (hydro)peroxo groups with three kinds of coordination modes in μ-η1:η2, μ-η2:η2, and η2 fashions. The cluster is stable in solution and solid states. It has been tested for the catalytic oxidations of methyl phenyl sulfide and pyridine with hydrogen peroxide, respectively, which shows reversible elimination and the addition of peroxo groups. This provides a rare example of well-characterized titanium peroxide for homogeneous catalysis and mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Lan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Mao-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Jun-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Ningxia University , Ningxia , 750021 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
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11
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Chiang L, Wasinger EC, Shimazaki Y, Young V, Storr T, Stack TDP. Electronic Structure and Reactivity Studies of a Nonsymmetric One-Electron Oxidized Cu II Bis-phenoxide Complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018; 481:151-158. [PMID: 30581226 PMCID: PMC6301013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tetradentate mixed imino/amino phenoxide ligand (N-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-N'-(2-hydroxyl-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl))-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (salalen) was complexed with CuII, and the resulting Cu complex (2) was characterized by a number of experimental techniques and theoretical calculations. Two quasi-reversible redox processes for 2, as observed by cyclic voltammetry, demonstrated the potential stability of oxidized forms, and also the increased electron-donating ability of the salalen ligand in comparison to the salen analogue. The electronic structure of the one-electron oxidized [2]+ was then studied in detail, and Cu K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements confirmed a CuII-phenoxyl radical complex in solution. Subsequent resonance Raman (rR) and variable temperature 1H NMR studies, coupled with theoretical calculations, showed that [2• ]+ is a triplet (S = 1) CuII-phenoxyl radical species, with localization of the radical on the more electron-rich aminophenoxide. Attempted isolation of X-ray quality crystals of [2• ]+ afforded [2H]+, with a protonated phenol bonded to CuII, and an additional H-bonding interaction with the SbF6 - counterion. Stoichiometric reaction of dilute solutions of [2• ]+ with benzyl alcohol showed that the complex reacted in a similar manner as the oxidized CuII-salen analogue, and does not exhibit a substrate-binding pre-equilibrium as observed for the oxidized bisaminophenoxide CuII-salan derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik C Wasinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Chico, CA 95928, USA
| | - Yuichi Shimazaki
- College of Science, Ibaraki University. Bunkyo, Mito, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Victor Young
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - T Daniel P Stack
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Surup F, Kuhnert E, Böhm A, Pendzialek T, Solga D, Wiebach V, Engler H, Berkessel A, Stadler M, Kalesse M. The Rickiols: 20-, 22-, and 24-membered Macrolides from the Ascomycete Hypoxylon rickii. Chemistry 2018; 24:2200-2213. [PMID: 29168908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In preceding studies the neotropical ascomycete Hypoxylon rickii turned out to be a prolific source of new secondary metabolites, considering that we had obtained terpenoids with five different scaffolds along with a series of terphenyls. From the mycelial extracts of a 70 L scale fermentation of this strain we additionally isolated nine new macrolides (1-9) by RP-HPLC. The planar structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy complemented by HR-ESIMS. The relative configurations were assigned by J-based configuration analyses and confirmed by Kishi's Universal Database. Subsequently, the absolute configurations were assigned by Mosher's method using the shift analysis of a tetra-MTPA derivative. For rickiol A (1) and E (5) we observed transesterification of 20-membered ring structures to 22-membered isomers rickiol A2 (6) and E2 (7), and to 24-membered isomers rickiol A3 (8) and rickiol E3 (9), respectively. Cytotoxic effects and moderate antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria were observed for 1-8 and 1-6 and 8, respectively. The total synthesis of rickiol E3 (9) established easier access to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Böhm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Pendzialek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Solga
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent Wiebach
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Straße 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke Engler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Cologne University, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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