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Tran MM, George-Washburn EA, Rhee J, Li WQ, Qureshi A, Cho E. A Prospective Cohort Study Exploring the Joint Influence of Sunlight Exposure and Tanning Bed Use on Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma Risk. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4005623. [PMID: 38496529 PMCID: PMC10942498 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4005623/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and use of UV-emitting tanning devices are known risk factors for skin cancer. Few studies have explored the interaction between these risk factors, namely how the risk of skin cancer increases among those who both have been exposed to high levels of natural sunlight and regularly use tanning beds. Nurses' Health Study II followed 116,430 women, aged 25-42, from 1991 to 2011. Cumulative average UV exposure was based on participants' residences at follow-up periods. History of severe sunburn during ages 15-20 was used as a proxy for early-life sunlight exposure. Tanning bed use in early life data was collected. Participants reported melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnoses. We built multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of skin cancer associated with joint effects of sunlight exposure and tanning bed use. Participants with high sunlight exposure and tanning bed use during high school/college had an increased risk of BCC (HR=1.53, CI 1.37-1.71, P interaction =0.01; vs. low UV exposure and no tanning bed use). Participants with a history of severe sunburns and tanning bed use during high school/college were at increased risk of BCC (HR=1.62, CI 1.47-1.79, P interaction =0.02; vs. no sunburns and no tanning bed use). No significant interactions were found between sunlight exposure and tanning bed use on SCC and melanoma risk. We found significant interactions between sunlight exposure and tanning bed use on the risk of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tran
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Jongeun Rhee
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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Schubauer-Berigan MK. Invited Perspective: Good Measure-Assessing the Impact of Cancer Hazard Identification on Policies for Cancer Prevention. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:121302. [PMID: 38088578 PMCID: PMC10718083 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan
- Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Conte S, Aldien AS, Jetté S, LeBeau J, Alli S, Netchiporouk E, Lagacé F, Lefrançois P, Iannattone L, Litvinov IV. Skin Cancer Prevention across the G7, Australia and New Zealand: A Review of Legislation and Guidelines. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6019-6040. [PMID: 37489567 PMCID: PMC10377770 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates of melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers have been on the rise globally in recent decades. While there has been a select focus on personal sun protection awareness, to our knowledge, there is a paucity of legislation in place to help support citizens' efforts to protect themselves from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Given this, we conducted a comprehensive review of legislation and guidelines pertaining to a variety of sun protection-related topics in countries of the Group of Seven (G7), Australia and New Zealand. Australia was the only country to have banned tanning beds for individuals of all ages, while other select countries have instituted bans for minors. In workplace policy, there is very little recognition of the danger of occupational UVR exposure in outdoor workers, and thus very few protective measures are in place. With regard to sports and recreation, certain dermatological/professional associations have put forward recommendations, but no legislation was brought forward by government bodies outside of Australia and New Zealand. With regard to youth, while there are various guidelines and frameworks in place across several countries, adherence remains difficult in the absence of concrete legislation and standardization of procedures. Finally, only Australia and a few select jurisdictions in the United States have implemented sales tax exemptions for sunscreen products. In light of our findings, we have made several recommendations, which we anticipate will help reduce the rates of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers in years to come. However, minimizing UVR exposure is not without risk, and we, therefore, suggest the promotion of vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with sun protective practices to limit potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Conte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Ammar Saed Aldien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Jetté
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jonathan LeBeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Sauliha Alli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - François Lagacé
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Philippe Lefrançois
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lisa Iannattone
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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