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Stefan SM, Rafehi M. The big data challenge - and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1647-1648. [PMID: 38103223 PMCID: PMC10960269 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Marcel Stefan
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Medical Education, Augsburg University Medicine, Augsburg, Germany
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Rafehi M, Möller M, Ismail Al-Khalil W, Stefan SM. Medicinal Polypharmacology in the Clinic - Translating the Polypharmacolome into Therapeutic Benefit. Pharm Res 2024; 41:411-417. [PMID: 38366233 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Drugs with multiple targets, often annotated as 'unselective', 'promiscuous', 'multitarget', or 'polypharmacological', are widely considered in both academic and industrial research as a high risk due to the likelihood of adverse effects. However, retrospective analyses have shown that particularly approved drugs bear rich polypharmacological profiles. This raises the question whether our perception of the specificity paradigm ('one drug-one target concept') is correct - and if specifically multitarget drugs should be developed instead of being rejected. These questions provoke a paradigm shift - regarding the development of polypharmacological drugs not as a 'waste of investment', but acknowledging the existence of a 'lack of investment'. This perspective provides an insight into modern drug development highlighting latest drug candidates that have not been assessed in a broader polypharmacology-based context elsewhere embedded in a historic framework of classical and modern approved multitarget drugs. The article shall be an inspiration to the scientific community to re-consider current standards, and more, to evolve to a better understanding of polypharmacology from a challenge to an opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafehi
- Department of Medical Education Augsburg, Augsburg University Medicine, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marius Möller
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wouroud Ismail Al-Khalil
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Systems Polypharmacology, Medical Systems Biology Division, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, Lublin, 20-093, Poland.
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Stefan SM, Pahnke J, Namasivayam V. HD_BPMDS: a curated binary pattern multitarget dataset of Huntington's disease-targeting agents. J Cheminform 2023; 15:109. [PMID: 37978560 PMCID: PMC10655317 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of both distinctive lead molecules and novel drug targets is a great challenge in drug discovery, which particularly accounts for orphan diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is an orphan, neurodegenerative disease of which the pathology is well-described. However, its pathophysiological background and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To date, only 2 drugs have been approved on the US and European markets, both of which address symptomatic aspects of this disease only. Although several hundreds of agents were described with efficacy against the HD phenotype in in vitro and/or in vivo models, a successful translation into clinical use is rarely achieved. Two major impediments are, first, the lack of awareness and understanding of the interactome-the sum of key proteins, cascades, and mediators-that contributes to HD initiation and progression; and second, the translation of the little gained knowledge into useful model systems. To counteract this lack of data awareness, we manually compiled and curated the entire modulator landscape of successfully evaluated pre-clinical small-molecule HD-targeting agents which are annotated with substructural molecular patterns, physicochemical properties, as well as drug targets, and which were linked to benchmark databases such as PubChem, ChEMBL, or UniProt. Particularly, the annotation with substructural molecular patterns expressed as binary code allowed for the generation of target-specific and -unspecific fingerprints which could be used to determine the (poly)pharmacological profile of molecular-structurally distinct molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Marcel Stefan
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Iela 4, Rīga, 1004, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An Der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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