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Zamponi V, Haxhi J, Pugliese G, Faggiano A, Mazzilli R. Diabetes technology and sexual health: which role? J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02237-7. [PMID: 37987916 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of new technology used in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), including the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the administration of insulin through continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), on male and female sexual function. METHODS This narrative review was performed for all available prospective, retrospective and review articles, published up to June 2023 in PubMed. Data were extracted from the text and from the tables of the manuscript. RESULTS Sexual dysfunctions are an underestimated comorbidity of DM in both male and female. Although erectile dysfunction (ED) is recognized by the guidelines as a complication of DM, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is poorly investigated in clinical setting. In addition to the complications of DM, the different types of therapies can also influence male and female sexual response. Furthermore, insulin therapy can be administered through multiple-daily injections (MDI) or a CSII. The new technologies in the field of DM allow better glycemic control which results in a reduction in the occurrence or aggravation of complications of DM. Despite this evidence, few data are available on the impact of new technologies on sexual dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS The use of DM technology might affect sexual function due to the risk of a worse body image, as well as discomfort related to CSII disconnection during sexual activity. However, the use is related to an improved metabolic control, which, in the long-term associates to a reduction in all diabetes complications, including sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zamponi
- Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy
| | - J Haxhi
- Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pugliese
- Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy
| | - A Faggiano
- Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy
| | - R Mazzilli
- Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy.
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Defeudis G, Maddaloni E, Rossini G, Di Tommaso AM, Mazzilli R, Di Palma P, Pozzilli P, Napoli N. Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185333. [PMID: 36142982 PMCID: PMC9505941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This is a proof of concept, as a pilot study, with the aim to evaluate continuous glucose monitoring metrics (CGM) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), treated with nutritional therapy and metformin, before and after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, subjects affected by T2DM and starting TRT for documented ED and hypogonadism were enrolled. All subjects mounted a CGM system during the v0 visit, one week before the beginning of the TRT (week−1), during v2, four weeks after the start of TRT (week 4), and v4 (week 12). CGM was worn for about 144 h after each visit. Results: A total of seven patients, referring to our clinic for erectile dysfunction (ED), were studied (aged 63.3 ± 2.3 years). Mean (± standard deviation) total testosterone level was 2.3 ± 0.6 ng/mL at baseline. After TRT, total testosterone level was 4.6 ± 3.04 ng/mL at week 4 and 3.93 ± 4.67 ng/mL at week 12. No significant differences were observed in TIR, TAR, TBR, estimated HbA1c, AUC below, and AUC above limit during the intervention period. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating the effects of TRT on daily glucose excursions in subjects with T2DM and hypogonadism. Though we did not find any significant difference in key CGM metrics during the 12 weeks of TRT, this study confirms the glycometabolic safety of the TRT even on the most novel standardized glycemic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Maria Di Tommaso
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Palma
- Unit of Urology, Hospital of Frosinone, ASL Frosinone, 03100 Frosinone, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Jiang LL, Xu XH, Luo MH, Wang HY, Ding B, Yan RN, Hu Y, Ma JH. Association of Acarbose with Decreased Muscle Mass and Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:2955-2969. [PMID: 34542866 PMCID: PMC8521566 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of sarcopenia has increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influence of glucose-lowering drugs on muscles in these patients remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle mass/function and glucose-lowering drugs. METHODS Data of 1042 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. All the patients had stable hypoglycemic therapy in the last 3 months, and performed bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength, and gait speed tests on admission. RESULTS Skeletal muscle index [6.81 (95% CI 6.67, 6.94) vs. 7.17 (7.09, 7.24) kg/m2], handgrip strength [23.41 (22.24, 24.58) vs. 26.93 (26.33, 27.54) kg], and gait speed [1.19 (1.15, 1.22) vs. 1.27 (1.25, 1.28) m/s] decreased in patients using acarbose compared with the others (all p < 0.001). Gait speed and skeletal muscle index remained lower in patients using acarbose compared to their matched patients in propensity score matching (p = 0.036 and 0.010, respectively). Among drug-naïve patients and patients using insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, or acarbose monotherapy, the acarbose group had lowest skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength [6.81 (6.52, 7.11) kg/m2 and 22.54 (19.28, 25.79) kg, p = 0.028 and 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSION Acarbose treatment was associated with decreased muscle mass and strength. Assessment and exercise of muscles in patients with long-term acarbose treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-lan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao-hua Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Meng-hui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui-ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Reng-na Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Jian-hua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
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Hu Y, Ding B, Shen Y, Yan RN, Li FF, Sun R, Jing T, Lee KO, Ma JH. Rapid Changes in Serum Testosterone in Men With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Intensive Insulin and Metformin. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1059-1061. [PMID: 33536253 PMCID: PMC7985426 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of metformin on testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy men with newly diagnosed drug-naive T2DM and HbA1c >9.0% (75 mmol/mol) were treated with intensive insulin pump therapy for 5 days to achieve glucose normalization. They were randomized to control (continued on intensive insulin only) and metformin (plus metformin) groups (1:1) for 1 month. Testosterone was measured at baseline, randomization, and after 1-month treatment. RESULTS Total, free, and bioavailable testosterone increased significantly within 5 days (all P < 0.001). After 1 month, compared with the control group, the metformin group had lower total (12.7 vs. 15.3 nmol/L), free (0.20 vs. 0.24 nmol/L), and bioavailable (4.56 vs. 5.31 nmol/L) testosterone (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In men with T2DM, 1-month oral metformin may decrease serum testosterone levels independent of blood glucose control. The effects of long-term metformin on testosterone in men need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Reng-Na Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kok-Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Hua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Liu X, Huo W, Zhang R, Wei D, Tu R, Luo Z, Wang Y, Dong X, Qiao D, Liu P, Zhang L, Fan K, Nie L, Liu X, Li L, Wang C, Mao Z. Androgen receptor DNA methylation is an independent determinant of glucose metabolic disorders in women; testosterone plays a moderating effect. J Diabetes 2021; 13:282-291. [PMID: 32979029 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that serum testosterone was associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Testosterone can be acting through binding the androgen receptor (AR). Therefore, we aimed to explore the independent associations of AR DNA methylation (ARm) with IFG and T2D and the moderation effects of serum testosterone on the associations. METHODS A case-control study with 1065 participants including 461 men and 604 women was performed. ARm in peripheral blood sample and serum testosterone were measured using pyrosequeuncing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the associations of ARm (including 2 cytosine-phosphoguanine [CpG] islands and average methylation levels) with different glucose status. Serum testosterone was used as a moderator to estimate the moderation effect. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, CpG 1, 2 and CpG average methylation were all significantly associated with IFG (CpG 1: Odds ratio (OR) = 4.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.24-10.27; CpG 2: OR = 4.35, 95% CI: 2.50-7.58; CpG average: OR = 11.73, 95% CI: 5.36-25.67) in women. In addition, testosterone played negative moderation effects in above associations. Moreover, no significant independent associations of methylation levels with T2D was observed both in men and women. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that ARm was positively associated with IFG in women and the associations would be weakened by testosterone. The individuals experiencing low testosterone and ARm levels reported a lower state of IFG than those who experienced high levels of testosterone and ARm in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Zhengzhou Customs, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Dou Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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