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Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are revolutionizing oncology and haematology practice. With these and other immunotherapies, however, systemic biodistribution raises safety issues, potentially requiring the use of suboptimal doses or even precluding their clinical development. Delivering or attracting immune cells or immunomodulatory factors directly to the tumour and/or draining lymph nodes might overcome these problems. Hence, intratumoural delivery and tumour tissue-targeted compounds are attractive options to increase the in situ bioavailability and, thus, the efficacy of immunotherapies. In mouse models, intratumoural administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies, pattern recognition receptor agonists, genetically engineered viruses, bacteria, cytokines or immune cells can exert powerful effects not only against the injected tumours but also often against uninjected lesions (abscopal or anenestic effects). Alternatively, or additionally, biotechnology strategies are being used to achieve higher functional concentrations of immune mediators in tumour tissues, either by targeting locally overexpressed moieties or engineering 'unmaskable' agents to be activated by elements enriched within tumour tissues. Clinical trials evaluating these strategies are ongoing, but their development faces issues relating to the administration methodology, pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamic end points, and immunobiological and clinical response assessments. Herein, we discuss these approaches in the context of their historical development and describe the current landscape of intratumoural or tumour tissue-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Castanon
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France.
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Koya T, Date I, Kawaguchi H, Watanabe A, Sakamoto T, Togi M, Kato T, Yoshida K, Kojima S, Yanagisawa R, Koido S, Sugiyama H, Shimodaira S. Dendritic Cells Pre-Pulsed with Wilms' Tumor 1 in Optimized Culture for Cancer Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040305. [PMID: 32231023 PMCID: PMC7238244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer vaccination therapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to play a central role as a cell-based drug delivery system in the bioactive immune environment. Ex vivo generation of monocyte-derived DCs has been conventionally applied in adherent manufacturing systems with separate loading of TAAs before clinical use. We developed DCs pre-pulsed with Wilms’ tumor (WT1) peptides in low-adhesion culture maturation (WT1-DCs). Quality tests (viability, phenotype, and functions) of WT1-DCs were performed for process validation, and findings were compared with those for conventional DCs (cDCs). In comparative analyses, WT1-DCs showed an increase in viability and recovery of the DC/monocyte ratio, displaying lower levels of IL-10 (an immune suppressive cytokine) and a similar antigen-presenting ability in an in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) assay with cytomegalovirus, despite lower levels of CD80 and PD-L2. A clinical study revealed that WT1-specific CTLs (WT1-CTLs) were detected upon using the WT1-DCs vaccine in patients with cancer. A DC vaccine containing TAAs produced under an optimized manufacturing protocol is a potentially promising cell-based drug delivery system to induce acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terutsugu Koya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
- Center for Regenerative medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Ippei Date
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
| | - Haruhiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
| | - Asuka Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
- Center for Regenerative medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Misa Togi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
- Center for Regenerative medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Center for Regenerative medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Shunsuke Kojima
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (S.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ryu Yanagisawa
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (S.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8567, Japan;
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan; (T.K.); (I.D.); (H.K.); (A.W.); (T.S.); (M.T.); (T.K.J.)
- Center for Regenerative medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan;
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (S.K.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-218-8304
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Ogasawara M, Miyashita M, Yamagishi Y, Ota S. Phase I/II Pilot Study of Wilms' Tumor 1 Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccination Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. Ther Apher Dial 2019; 23:279-288. [PMID: 31033141 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic or relapsed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor despite the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade agents. We aimed to investigate the safety and the feasibility of a vaccination with Wilms' tumor 1 peptide-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and OK-432 adjuvant combined with conventional chemotherapy. Eleven eligible patients with metastatic or relapsed HNSCC were enrolled. No severe adverse events related to a vaccination were observed. Five patients had durable stable disease and six other patients had disease progression after DC vaccination. Median progression-free survival and overall survival was 6.4 months and 12.1 months, respectively. DC vaccination augmented Wilms' tumor 1-specific immunity which might be related to clinical outcome. These results indicate that DC-based immunotherapy combined with a conventional chemotherapy is safe and feasible for patients in advanced stage of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogasawara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Artificial Organ, Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyashita
- Institute for Artificial Organ, Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Cell Processing Center, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Ogasawara M, Miyashita M, Ota S. Vaccination of Urological Cancer Patients With WT1 Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cells in Combination With Molecular Targeted Therapy or Conventional Chemotherapy Induces Immunological and Clinical Responses. Ther Apher Dial 2018; 22:266-277. [PMID: 29851270 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic or relapsed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or bladder cancer (BC) remains poor despite the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade agents. We aimed to investigate the safety and the feasibility of a vaccination with WT1 peptide-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and OK-432 adjuvant combined with molecular targeted therapy or conventional chemotherapy. Five eligible patients with metastatic or relapsed RCC and five eligible patients with BC were enrolled. No severe adverse events related to a vaccination were observed. Seven patients with RCC or non-muscle invasive BC had durable stable disease and three other patients had disease progression after DC vaccination. DC vaccination augmented WT1 specific immunity and the reduction of regulatory T cells which might be related to clinical outcome. These results indicate that DC-based immunotherapy combined with a molecular targeted therapy or a conventional chemotherapy is safe and feasible for patients in advanced stage of RCC or BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogasawara
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Artificial Organs, Transplantation and Gene Therapy, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyashita
- Institute for Artificial Organs, Transplantation and Gene Therapy, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Oba MS, Teramukai S, Ohashi Y, Ogawa K, Maehara Y, Sakamoto J. The efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with OK-432 after curative resection of gastric cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:616-624. [PMID: 25804300 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OK-432 has been used as a cancer treatment for 40 years, and the immunostimulatory effects of OK-432 therapy have been intensely investigated in Japan. Recently, it has received attention as a possible booster for cancer vaccine treatments. Our previous meta-analysis based on summary measures revealed a significant improvement in the survival of patients with curatively resected gastric cancer. However, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of bias due to several prognostic factors. METHODS We collected individual data for patients with stage III or stage IV gastric cancer after curative resection from 14 trials that were identified in a previous meta-analysis. Immunochemotherapy with OK-432 was compared with treatment with standard chemotherapy on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary end point was overall survival. Stratified survival analyses were performed with the trial as the stratification factor. Subgroup analyses were also performed according to the potential prognostic factors, which included pathological factors, splenectomy, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. RESULTS There were 796 and 726 patients in the OK-432 and control groups, respectively. The median overall survival was 42.6 months for the OK-432 group and 32.3 months for the control group. The overall hazard ratio was 0.88 (95 % confidence interval 0.77-1.00, p = 0.050). No factor showed a statistically significant interaction in the subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that immunochemotherapy treatment with OK-432 could have a borderline significant effect for patients with stage III or stage IV gastric cancer after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Oba
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan. .,, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fernández-García EM, Vera-Badillo FE, Perez-Valderrama B, Matos-Pita AS, Duran I. Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: review of the current evidence. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:339-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Every cancer is different and cancer cells differ from normal cells, in particular, through genetic alterations. HLA molecules on the cell surface enable T lymphocytes to recognize cellular alterations as antigens, including mutations, increase in gene product copy numbers or expression of genes usually not used in the adult organism. The search for cancer-associated antigens shared by many patients with a particular cancer has yielded a number of hits used in clinical vaccination trials with indication of survival benefit. Targeting cancer-specific antigens, which are exclusively expressed on cancer cells and not on normal cells, holds the promise for much better results and perhaps even a cure. Such antigens, however, may specifically appear in very few patients or may be mutated appearing just in one patient. Therefore, to target these in a molecularly defined way, the approach has to be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Darrasse-Jèze G, Podsypanina K. How numbers, nature, and immune status of foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells shape the early immunological events in tumor development. Front Immunol 2013; 4:292. [PMID: 24133490 PMCID: PMC3784046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) on cancer progression has been demonstrated in a large number of preclinical models and confirmed in several types of malignancies. Neoplastic processes trigger an increase of Treg numbers in draining lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and tumors, leading to the suppression of anti-tumor responses. Treg-depletion before or early in tumor development may lead to complete tumor eradication and extends survival of mice and humans. However this strategy is ineffective in established tumors, highlighting the critical role of the early Treg-tumor encounters. In this review, after discussing old and new concepts of immunological tumor tolerance, we focus on the nature (thymus-derived vs. peripherally derived) and status (naïve or activated/memory) of the regulatory T-cells at tumor emergence. The recent discoveries in this field suggest that the activation status of Tregs and effector T-cells (Teffs) at the first encounter with the tumor are essential to shape the fate and speed of the immune response across a variety of tumor models. The relative timing of activation/recruitment of anti-tumor cells vs. tolerogenic cells at tumor emergence appears to be crucial in the identification of tumor cells as friend or foe, which has broad implications for the design of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Unité 1013, Institut National de la Santé et de le Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Necker , Paris , France ; Immunoregulation and Immunopathology Team, INEM , Paris , France
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