1
|
Hansen B, Roomp K, Ebid H, Schneider JG. Perspective: The Impact of Fasting and Caloric Restriction on Neurodegenerative Diseases in Humans. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100197. [PMID: 38432589 PMCID: PMC10997874 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive functional and structural denaturation of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Despite the wide range of genetic predispositions, the increased emergence of these disorders has been associated with a variety of modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle factors. Diet has been shown to influence cognitive alterations in the elderly population with age-related brain pathologies, and specific dietary interventions might, therefore, confer preservatory protection to neural structures. Although Mediterranean and ketogenic diets have been studied, no clear guidelines have been implemented for the prevention or treatment of ND in clinical practice. Murine models have shown that intermittent fasting and caloric restriction (CR) can counteract disease processes in various age-related disorders, including NDs. The objective of this perspective is to provide a comprehensive, comparative overview of the available primary intervention studies on fasting and CR in humans with ND and to elucidate possible links between the mechanisms underlying the effects of fasting, CR, and the neuropathology of ND. We also included all currently available studies in older adults (with and without mild cognitive impairment) in which the primary endpoint was cognitive function to provide further insights into the feasibility and outcomes of such interventions. Overall, we conclude that nutritional intervention trials focusing on fasting and CR in humans with ND have been neglected, and more high-quality studies, including longitudinal clinical intervention trials, are urgently needed to elucidate the underlying immune-metabolic mechanisms in diet and ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Hansen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hebah Ebid
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen G Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Departments of Internal Medicine II and Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Li JY. Overlaps and divergences between tauopathies and synucleinopathies: a duet of neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:16. [PMID: 38528629 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathy, defined as the abnormal accumulation of proteins that eventually leads to cell death, is one of the most significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Tauopathies, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synucleinopathies, represented by Parkinson's disease (PD), show similarities in multiple aspects. AD manifests extrapyramidal symptoms while dementia is also a major sign of advanced PD. We and other researchers have sequentially shown the cross-seeding phenomenon of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, reinforcing pathologies between synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The highly overlapping clinical and pathological features imply shared pathogenic mechanisms between the two groups of disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies seemingly appropriate for one distinct neurodegenerative disease may also apply to a broader spectrum. Therefore, a clear understanding of the overlaps and divergences between tauopathy and synucleinopathy is critical for unraveling the nature of the complicated associations among neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the shared and diverse characteristics of tauopathies and synucleinopathies from aspects of genetic causes, clinical manifestations, pathological progression and potential common therapeutic approaches targeting the pathology, in the aim to provide a timely update for setting the scheme of disease classification and provide novel insights into the therapeutic development for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patterson JR, Kochmanski J, Stoll AC, Kubik M, Kemp CJ, Duffy MF, Thompson K, Howe JW, Cole-Strauss A, Kuhn NC, Miller KM, Nelson S, Onyekpe CU, Beck JS, Counts SE, Bernstein AI, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE. Transcriptomic profiling of early synucleinopathy in rats induced with preformed fibrils. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38172128 PMCID: PMC10764951 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Examination of early phases of synucleinopathy when inclusions are present, but long before neurodegeneration occurs, is critical to both understanding disease progression and the development of disease modifying therapies. The rat alpha-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibril (PFF) model induces synchronized synucleinopathy that recapitulates the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be used to study synucleinopathy progression. In this model, phosphorylated α-syn (pSyn) inclusion-containing neurons and reactive microglia (major histocompatibility complex-II immunoreactive) peak in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) months before appreciable neurodegeneration. However, it remains unclear which specific genes are driving these phenotypic changes. To identify transcriptional changes associated with early synucleinopathy, we used laser capture microdissection of the SNpc paired with RNA sequencing (RNASeq). Precision collection of the SNpc allowed for the assessment of differential transcript expression in the nigral dopamine neurons and proximal glia. Transcripts upregulated in early synucleinopathy were mainly associated with an immune response, whereas transcripts downregulated were associated with neurotransmission and the dopamine pathway. A subset of 29 transcripts associated with neurotransmission/vesicular release and the dopamine pathway were verified in a separate cohort of males and females to confirm reproducibility. Within this subset, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize decreases in the Syt1 and Slc6a3 transcripts to pSyn inclusion-containing neurons. Identification of transcriptional changes in early synucleinopathy provides insight into the molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael Kubik
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Megan F Duffy
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kajene Thompson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Seth Nelson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Christopher U Onyekpe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John S Beck
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McGarry A, Rosanbalm S, Leinonen M, Olanow CW, To D, Bell A, Lee D, Chang J, Dubow J, Dhall R, Burdick D, Parashos S, Feuerstein J, Quinn J, Pahwa R, Afshari M, Ramirez-Zamora A, Chou K, Tarakad A, Luca C, Klos K, Bordelon Y, St Hiliare MH, Shprecher D, Lee S, Dawson TM, Roschke V, Kieburtz K. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of NLY01 in early untreated Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:37-45. [PMID: 38101901 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging lines of evidence suggest that microglia are relevant to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, justifying exploration of therapeutic agents thought to attenuate pathogenic microglial function. We sought to test the safety and efficacy of NLY01-a brain-penetrant, pegylated, longer-lasting version of exenatide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) that is believed to be anti-inflammatory via reduction of microglia activation-in Parkinson's disease. METHODS We report a 36-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NLY01 in participants with early untreated Parkinson's disease conducted at 58 movement disorder clinics in the USA. Participants meeting UK Brain Bank or Movement Disorder Society research criteria for Parkinson's disease were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to one of two active treatment groups (2·5 mg or 5·0 mg NLY01) or matching placebo, based on a central computer-generated randomisation scheme using permuted block randomisation with varying block sizes. All participants, investigators, coordinators, study staff, and sponsor personnel were masked to treatment assignments throughout the study. The primary efficacy endpoint for the primary analysis population (defined as all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug) was change from baseline to week 36 in the sum of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II and III. Safety was assessed in the safety population (all randomly allocated participants who received at least one dose of the study drug) with documentation of adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory assessments, physical examination, and scales for suicidality, sleepiness, impulsivity, and depression. This trial is complete and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04154072. FINDINGS The study took place between Jan 28, 2020, and Feb 16, 2023. 447 individuals were screened, of whom 255 eligible participants were randomly assigned (85 to each study group). One patient assigned to placebo did not receive study treatment and was not included in the primary analysis. At 36 weeks, 2·5 mg and 5·0 mg NLY01 did not differ from placebo with respect to change in sum scores on MDS-UPDRS parts II and III: difference versus placebo -0·39 (95% CI -2·96 to 2·18; p=0·77) for 2·5 mg and 0·36 (-2·28 to 3·00; p=0·79) for 5·0 mg. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar across groups (reported in 71 [84%] of 85 patients on 2·5 mg NLY01, 79 [93%] of 85 on 5·0 mg, and 73 [87%] of 84 on placebo), with gastrointestinal disorders the most commonly observed class in active groups (52 [61%] for 2·5 mg, 64 [75%] for 5·0 mg, and 30 [36%] for placebo) and nausea the most common event overall (33 [39%] for 2·5 mg, 49 [58%] for 5·0 mg, and 16 [19%] for placebo). No deaths occurred during the study. INTERPRETATION NLY01 at 2·5 and 5·0 mg was not associated with any improvement in Parkinson's disease motor or non-motor features compared with placebo. A subgroup analysis raised the possibility of motor benefit in younger participants. Further study is needed to determine whether these exploratory observations are replicable. FUNDING D&D Pharmatech-Neuraly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGarry
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA; Clintrex Research Corporation, Sarasota, FL, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Dennis To
- D&D Pharmatech - Neuraly, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Adam Bell
- D&D Pharmatech - Neuraly, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- D&D Pharmatech - Neuraly, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Jordan Dubow
- Clintrex Research Corporation, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Rohit Dhall
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Daniel Burdick
- Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Feuerstein
- Neurosciences Center at UC Health University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Kelvin Chou
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Klos
- The Movement Disorder Clinic of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Yvette Bordelon
- University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Seulki Lee
- D&D Pharmatech - Neuraly, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dos Santos JCC, Rebouças CDSM, Oliveira LF, Cardoso FDS, Nascimento TDS, Oliveira AV, Lima MPP, de Andrade GM, de Castro Brito GA, de Barros Viana GS. The role of gut-brain axis in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:185-197. [PMID: 37837734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative condition affecting millions globally. This investigation centered on the gut-brain axis in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Researchers monitored behavioral shifts, histological modifications, neurodegeneration, and inflammation markers throughout the rats' bodies. Results revealed that rotenone-treated rats displayed reduced exploration (p = 0.004) and motor coordination (p < 0.001), accompanied by decreased Nissl staining and increased alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in the striatum (p = 0.009). Additionally, these rats exhibited weight loss (T3, mean = 291.9 ± 23.67; T19, mean = 317.5 ± 17.53; p < 0.05) and substantial intestinal histological alterations, such as shortened villi, crypt architecture loss, and inflammation. In various regions, researchers noted elevated immunoreactivity to ionized binding adapter molecule (IBA)-1 (p < 0.05) and reduced immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (p < 0.05) and S100B (p < 0.001), indicating altered glial cell activity. Overall, these findings imply that PD is influenced by gut-brain axis changes and may originate in the intestine, impacting bidirectional gut-brain communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
- Medical School of the Christus University Center-UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins Rebouças
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Morphology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrizio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alfaete Vieira Oliveira
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Morphology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Physiology and Pharmacology Department of the Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cossu D, Hatano T, Hattori N. The Role of Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16766. [PMID: 38069088 PMCID: PMC10706591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled intriguing insights suggesting that the body's immune system may be implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) development. Studies have observed disparities in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers between PD patients and healthy individuals. This finding underscores the potential influence of immune system dysfunction in the genesis of this condition. A dysfunctional immune system can serve as a primary catalyst for systemic inflammation in the body, which may contribute to the emergence of various brain disorders. The identification of several genes associated with PD, as well as their connection to neuroinflammation, raises the likelihood of disease susceptibility. Moreover, advancing age and mitochondrial dysfunction can weaken the immune system, potentially implicating them in the onset of the disease, particularly among older individuals. Compromised integrity of the blood-brain barrier could facilitate the immune system's access to brain tissue. This exposure may lead to encounters with native antigens or infections, potentially triggering an autoimmune response. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence supporting the notion that gut dysbiosis might represent an initial trigger for brain inflammation, ultimately promoting neurodegeneration. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the numerous hypotheses surrounding the role of both innate and adaptive immunity in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138431, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 3510918, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu J, Han Y, Xu H, Sun H, Wang R, Ren H, Wang G. Deficient chaperone-mediated autophagy facilitates LPS-induced microglial activation via regulation of the p300/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi8343. [PMID: 37801503 PMCID: PMC10558133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological change that is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease. Dysfunction of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has proinflammatory effects. However, the mechanism by which CMA mediates inflammation and whether CMA affects microglia and microglia-mediated neuronal damage remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that LAMP2A, a limiting protein for CMA, was decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary microglia. Activation of CMA by the activator CA significantly repressed LPS-induced microglial activation, whereas CMA dysfunction exacerbated microglial activation. We further identified that the protein p300 was a substrate of CMA. Degradation of p300 by CMA reduced p65 acetylation, thereby inhibiting the transcription of proinflammatory factors and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, CA pretreatment inhibited microglia-mediated inflammation and, in turn, attenuated neuronal death in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest repressive effects of CMA on microglial activation through the p300-associated NF-κB signaling pathway, thus uncovering a mechanistic link between CMA and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Key Laboratory, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmit KJ, Garcia P, Sciortino A, Aho VTE, Pardo Rodriguez B, Thomas MH, Gérardy JJ, Bastero Acha I, Halder R, Cialini C, Heurtaux T, Ostahi I, Busi SB, Grandmougin L, Lowndes T, Singh Y, Martens EC, Mittelbronn M, Buttini M, Wilmes P. Fiber deprivation and microbiome-borne curli shift gut bacterial populations and accelerate disease in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113071. [PMID: 37676767 PMCID: PMC10548091 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuron loss, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) inclusions. Many PD risk factors are known, but those affecting disease progression are not. Lifestyle and microbial dysbiosis are candidates in this context. Diet-driven gut dysbiosis and reduced barrier function may increase exposure of enteric neurons to toxins. Here, we study whether fiber deprivation and exposure to bacterial curli, a protein cross-seeding with αSyn, individually or together, exacerbate disease in the enteric and central nervous systems of a transgenic PD mouse model. We analyze the gut microbiome, motor behavior, and gastrointestinal and brain pathologies. We find that diet and bacterial curli alter the microbiome and exacerbate motor performance, as well as intestinal and brain pathologies, but to different extents. Our results shed important insights on how diet and microbiome-borne insults modulate PD progression via the gut-brain axis and have implications for lifestyle management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Schmit
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Velma T E Aho
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie H Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Irati Bastero Acha
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Cialini
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Irina Ostahi
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Susheel B Busi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Léa Grandmougin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tuesday Lowndes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hansen B, Laczny CC, Aho VTE, Frachet-Bour A, Habier J, Ostaszewski M, Michalsen A, Hanslian E, Koppold DA, Hartmann AM, Steckhan N, Mollenhauer B, Schade S, Roomp K, Schneider JG, Wilmes P. Protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional, longitudinal ambulatory clinical trial in rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson's disease patients analysing the relation between the gut microbiome, fasting and immune status in Germany (ExpoBiome). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071380. [PMID: 37597865 PMCID: PMC10441058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) have recently been associated with a decreased diversity in the gut microbiome, emerging as key driver of various diseases. The specific interactions between gut-borne microorganisms and host pathophysiology remain largely unclear. The microbiome can be modulated by interventions comprising nutrition.The aim of our clinical study is to (1) examine effects of prolonged fasting (PF) and time-restricted eating (TRE) on the outcome parameters and the immunophenotypes of RA and PD with (2) special consideration of microbial taxa and molecules associated with changes expected in (1), and (3) identify factors impacting the disease course and treatment by in-depth screening of microorganisms and molecules in personalised HuMiX gut-on-chip models, to identify novel targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This trial is an open-label, multicentre, controlled clinical trial consisting of a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. A total of 180 patients is recruited. For the cross-sectional study, 60 patients with PD, 60 patients with RA and 60 healthy controls are recruited at two different, specialised clinical sites. For the longitudinal part, 30 patients with PD and 30 patients with RA undergo 5-7 days of PF followed by TRE (16:8) for a period of 12 months. One baseline visit takes place before the PF intervention and 10 follow-up visits will follow over a period of 12 months (April 2021 to November 2023). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained to plan and conduct the trial from the institutional review board of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA1/204/19), the ethics committee of the state medical association (Landesärztekammer) of Hessen (2021-2230-zvBO) and the Ethics Review Panel (ERP) of the University of Luxembourg (ERP 21-001 A ExpoBiome). The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific presentations and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04847011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Hansen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cédric C Laczny
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Velma T E Aho
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Audrey Frachet-Bour
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janine Habier
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin-Wannsee Branch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Etienne Hanslian
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin-Wannsee Branch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela A Koppold
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin-Wannsee Branch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika M Hartmann
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Digital Health-Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Movement disorders and Parkinson’s Disease, Paracelsus-Kliniken Deutschland GmbH, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schade
- Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Movement disorders and Parkinson’s Disease, Paracelsus-Kliniken Deutschland GmbH, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen G Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asveda T, Priti T, Ravanan P. Exploring microglia and their phenomenal concatenation of stress responses in neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2023:121920. [PMID: 37429415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cells are highly functioning but also extremely stress-sensitive cells. By defending the neuronal cells against pathogenic insults, microglial cells, a unique cell type, act as the frontline cavalry in the central nervous system (CNS). Their remarkable and unique ability to self-renew independently after their creation is crucial for maintaining normal brain function and neuroprotection. They have a wide range of molecular sensors that help maintain CNS homeostasis during development and adulthood. Despite being the protector of the CNS, studies have revealed that persistent microglial activation may be the root cause of innumerable neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). From our vigorous review, we state that there is a possible interlinking between pathways of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, inflammation, and oxidative stress resulting in dysregulation of the microglial population, directly influencing the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement factors, free radicals, and nitric oxides leading to cell death via apoptosis. Recent research uses the suppression of these three pathways as a therapeutic approach to prevent neuronal death. Hence, in this review, we have spotlighted the advancement in microglial studies, which focus on their molecular defenses against multiple stresses, and current therapeutic strategies indirectly targeting glial cells for neurodevelopmental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thankavelu Asveda
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talwar Priti
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, 412G Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuan W, Alfaidi M, Horne CB, Vallin B, Fox S, Fazal SV, Williams‐Gray CH, Barker RA. Selective neurodegeneration generated by intravenous α-synuclein pre-formed fibril administration is not associated with endogenous α-synuclein levels in the rat brain. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13128. [PMID: 36321260 PMCID: PMC10154377 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective loss of discrete neuronal populations is a prominent feature of many neurodegenerative conditions, but the molecular basis of this is poorly understood. A central role of α-synuclein in the selective neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease has been speculated, as its level of expression critically determines the propensity of this protein to misfold. To investigate whether the propensity of neuronal cell loss is associated with the level of endogenous α-synuclein expression, non-transgenic rats were given a single intravenous administration of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) reversibly complexed with the rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG9R). The number of surviving cells in different neuronal populations was systematically quantified using unbiased stereology. Our data demonstrated that a non-selective, transvascular delivery of α-synuclein PFFs led to a time-dependent loss of specific populations of midbrain (but not olfactory) dopaminergic neurons, medullary (but not pontine) cholinergic neurons, and brainstem serotonergic neurons. Contrary to the central role of endogenous α-synuclein expression in determining the seeding and aggregation propensity of pathological α-synuclein, we did not observe an association between the levels of α-synuclein expression in different regions of the rodent brain (although did not ascertain this at the individual cell level) and neurodegenerative propensity. The results from our study highlight the complexity of the neurodegenerative process generated by α-synuclein seeding. Further investigations are therefore required to elucidate the molecular basis of neurodegeneration driven by exogenous pathogenic α-synuclein spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maha Alfaidi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Catherine B. Horne
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Benjamin Vallin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sarah Fox
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Shaline V. Fazal
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Caroline H. Williams‐Gray
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roger A. Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of NeurologyAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust MRC Cambridge Stem Cell CentreCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Buhidma Y, Hobbs C, Malcangio M, Duty S. Periaqueductal grey and spinal cord pathology contribute to pain in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37100804 PMCID: PMC10133233 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a key non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) that significantly impacts on life quality. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain in PD are poorly understood, hence the lack of effective treatments. Using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of PD, we identified reductions in dopaminergic neurons in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and Met-enkephalin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord that were validated in human PD tissue samples. Pharmacological activation of D1-like receptors in the PAG, identified as the DRD5+ phenotype located on glutamatergic neurons, alleviated the mechanical hypersensitivity seen in the Parkinsonian model. Downstream activity in serotonergic neurons in the Raphé magnus (RMg) was also reduced in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, as detected by diminished c-FOS positivity. Furthermore, we identified increased pre-aggregate α-synuclein, coupled with elevated activated microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in those people that experienced PD-related pain in life. Our findings have outlined pathological pathways involved in the manifestation of pain in PD that may present targets for improved analgesia in people with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazead Buhidma
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Duty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balzano T, Esteban-García N, Blesa J. Neuroinflammation, immune response and α-synuclein pathology: how animal models are helping us to connect dots. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:13-23. [PMID: 36538833 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key pathological event occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Other hallmarks of PD include neurodegeneration, glial activation, and immune cell infiltration in susceptible brain regions. Although preclinical models can mimic most of the key characteristics of PD, it is crucial to know the biological bases of individual differences between them when choosing one over another, to ensure proper interpretation of the results and to positively influence the outcome of the experiments. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current preclinical models actively used to study the interplay between α-syn pathology, neuroinflammation and immune response in PD but also to explore new potential preclinical models or emerging therapeutic strategies intended to fulfill the unmet medical needs in this disease. Lastly, this review also considers the current state of the ongoing clinical trials of new drugs designed to target these processes and delay the initiation or progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents have been demonstrated to be very promising candidates for reducing disease progression; however, more efforts are needed to reduce the enormous gap between these and dopaminergic drugs, which have dominated the therapeutic market for the last sixty years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Balzano
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Esteban-García
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III; Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun HY, Wu J, Wang R, Zhang S, Xu H, Kaznacheyeva Е, Lu XJ, Ren HG, Wang GH. Pazopanib alleviates neuroinflammation and protects dopaminergic neurons in LPS-stimulated mouse model by inhibiting MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 44:1135-1148. [DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
16
|
Karaki T, Haniu H, Matsuda Y, Tsukahara T. Lysophospholipids: A Potential Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551882 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) commonly present misfolded and aggregated proteins. Considerable research has been performed to unearth the molecular processes underpinning this pathological aggregation and develop therapeutic strategies targeting NDs. Fibrillary deposits of α-synuclein (α-Syn), a highly conserved and thermostable protein, are a critical feature in the development of NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Inhibition of α-Syn aggregation can thus serve as a potential approach for therapeutic intervention. Recently, the degradation of target proteins by small molecules has emerged as a new therapeutic modality, gaining the hotspot in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, interest is growing in the use of food-derived bioactive compounds as intervention agents against NDs via functional foods and dietary supplements. According to reports, dietary bioactive phospholipids may have cognition-enhancing and neuroprotective effects, owing to their abilities to influence cognition and mental health in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which lipids may prevent the pathological aggregation of α-Syn warrant further clarification. Here, we review evidence for the potential mechanisms underlying this effect, with a particular focus on how porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP)-derived lysophospholipids (LPLs) may inhibit α-Syn aggregation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pang CCC, Sørensen MH, Lee K, Luk KC, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Noble W, Chang RCC. Investigating key factors underlying neurodegeneration linked to alpha-synuclein spread. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12829. [PMID: 35727707 PMCID: PMC9546483 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It has long been considered that accumulation of pathological alpha-synuclein (aSyn) leads to synaptic/neuronal loss which then results in behavioural and cognitive dysfunction. To investigate this claim, we investigated effects downstream of aSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), because aSyn PFFs induce spreading/accumulation of aSyn, and 6-OHDA rapidly causes local neuronal loss. METHODS We injected mouse aSyn PFFs into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of Sprague-Dawley rats. We investigated spread of pathological aSyn, phosphorylation of aSyn and tau, oxidative stress, synaptic/neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction 60, 90 and 120 days after injection. Similarly, we injected 6-OHDA into the MFB and examined the same parameters 1 and 3 weeks after injection. RESULTS Following aSyn PFF injection, phosphorylated aSyn was found distant from the injection site in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. However, despite neuron loss being evident close to the site of injection in the substantia nigra at 120 days post injection, there were no other neurodegeneration-associated features associated with aSyn including synaptic loss. In contrast, 6-OHDA caused severe neuronal loss in the substantia nigra at 3 weeks post injection that was accompanied by phosphorylation of aSyn and tau, oxidative stress, loss of synaptic proteins, cognitive and motor dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that spread/replication and slow accumulation of pathological aSyn may not be sufficient to induce neurodegenerative changes. In contrast, oxidative stress responses in addition to aSyn accumulation were associated with other Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction. Our results may be important when considering why only some PD patients develop dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy C. C. Pang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maja H. Sørensen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Krit Lee
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Institute on AgingUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Institute on AgingUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Virginia M. Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Institute on AgingUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wendy Noble
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Raymond C. C. Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stoll AC, Sortwell CE. Leveraging the preformed fibril model to distinguish between alpha-synuclein inclusion- and nigrostriatal degeneration-associated immunogenicity. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105804. [PMID: 35764290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has become a well-accepted pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether inflammation, triggered by α-syn aggregation and/or degeneration, contributes to the progression of the disease. Studies examining neuroinflammation in PD are unable to distinguish between Lewy body-associated inflammation and degeneration-associated inflammation, as both pathologies are present simultaneously. Intrastriatal and intranigral injections of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) results in two distinct pathologic phases: Phase 1: The accumulation and peak formation of α-syn inclusions in nigrostriatal system and, Phase 2: Protracted dopaminergic neuron degeneration. In this review we summarize the current understanding of neuroinflammation in the α-syn PFF model, leveraging the distinct Phase 1 aggregation phase and Phase 2 degeneration phase to guide our interpretations. Studies consistently demonstrate an association between pathologic α-syn aggregation in the substantia nigra (SN) and activation of the innate immune system. Further, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) antigen presentation is proportionate to inclusion load. The α-syn aggregation phase is also associated with peripheral and adaptive immune cell infiltration to the SN. These findings suggest that α-syn like aggregates are immunogenic and thus have the potential to contribute to the degenerative process. Studies examining neuroinflammation during the neurodegenerative phase reveal elevated innate, adaptive, and peripheral immune cell markers, however limitations of single time point experimental design hinder interpretations as to whether this neuroinflammation preceded, or was triggered by, nigral degeneration. Longitudinal studies across both the aggregation and degeneration phases of the model suggest that microglial activation (MHC-II) is greater in magnitude during the aggregation phase that precedes degeneration. Overall, the consistency between neuroinflammatory markers in the parkinsonian brain and in the α-syn PFF model, combined with the distinct aggregation and degenerative phases, establishes the utility of this model platform to yield insights into pathologic events that contribute to neuroinflammation and disease progression in PD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ruf WP, Meirelles J, Danzer KM. Spreading of alpha-synuclein between different cell types. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114059. [PMID: 35995264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is central in Parkinson's disease as well as in other synucleinopathies. Recent evidence suggests that not only intracellular aggregation of α-syn plays an important role for disease pathogenesis but also cell-to-cell propagation of α-syn seems to significantly contribute to pathological changes in synucleinopathies. In this mini-review we summarize current aspects of spreading of α-syn between brain cell types and its role in pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang P Ruf
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joao Meirelles
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eteläinen TS, Kilpeläinen TP, Ignatius A, Auno S, De Lorenzo F, Uhari-Väänänen JK, Julku UH, Myöhänen TT. Removal of proteinase K resistant αSyn species does not correlate with cell survival in a virus vector-based Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2022; 218:109213. [PMID: 35964686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) as Lewy bodies. Currently, there is no disease-modifying therapy available for PD. We have shown that a small molecular inhibitor for prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP), KYP-2047, relieves αSyn-induced toxicity in various PD models by inducing autophagy and preventing αSyn aggregation. In this study, we wanted to study the effects of PREP inhibition on different αSyn species by using cell culture and in vivo models. We used Neuro2A cells with transient αSyn overexpression and oxidative stress or proteasomal inhibition-induced αSyn aggregation to assess the effect of KYP-2047 on soluble αSyn oligomers and on cell viability. Here, the levels of soluble αSyn were measured by using ELISA, and the impact of KYP-2047 was compared to anle138b, nilotinib and deferiprone. To evaluate the effect of KYP-2047 on αSyn fibrillization in vivo, we used unilateral nigral AAV1/2-A53T-αSyn mouse model, where the KYP-2047 treatment was initiated two- or four-weeks post injection. KYP-2047 and anle138b protected cells from αSyn toxicity but interestingly, KYP-2047 did not reduce soluble αSyn oligomers. In AAV-A53T-αSyn mouse model, KYP-2047 reduced significantly proteinase K-resistant αSyn oligomers and oxidative damage related to αSyn aggregation. However, the KYP-2047 treatment that was initiated at the time of symptom onset, failed to protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Our results emphasize the importance of whole αSyn aggregation process in the pathology of PD and raise an important question about the forms of αSyn that are reasonable targets for PD drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony S Eteläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi P Kilpeläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adele Ignatius
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Auno
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca De Lorenzo
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna K Uhari-Väänänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika H Julku
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Creed RB, Memon AA, Komaragiri SP, Barodia SK, Goldberg MS. Analysis of hemisphere-dependent effects of unilateral intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils on mitochondrial protein levels, dynamics, and function. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35606853 PMCID: PMC9125944 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and neuropathological evidence strongly implicates aberrant forms of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration. Antibodies specific for α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129) are selective for the pathological protein aggregates that are characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Although the etiology of most synucleinopathies remains uncertain, a large body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction. The recent development of animal models based on intracranial injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) has provided a valuable experimental system in which to study the spread and neurotoxicity of α-synuclein aggregates, yet the effects of PFF-induced protein aggregates on mitochondrial function and dynamics have not been rigorously examined in vivo. To help fill this knowledge gap, we injected the striatum of mice unilaterally with well-characterized small length (< 30 nm) PFFs or monomeric α-synuclein control and measured the distribution and extent of pS129 α-synuclein-immunoreactive aggregates, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, the abundance of mitochondrial proteins, and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain components at 3 months and 6 months post injection. Intrastriatal injection of small length PFFs, but not monomeric α-synuclein control, induced robust pS129 α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in the cortex, ventral midbrain, and striatum, as well as in rarely reported brain regions, such as the hippocampus, as early as 3 months post injection. Significant loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the PFF-injected hemisphere at 3 months and 6 months post injection. The unilateral striatal injection of small length PFFs also caused hemisphere-dependent and treatment-dependent changes in the cortical levels of mitochondrial proteins such as VDAC1, COX-IV, and DRP-1, as well as functional changes in mitochondrial complex I activity in the contralateral striatum. Together, these data demonstrate that intrastriatal injection of mice with small length PFFs induces extensive bilateral protein aggregates, significant unilateral nigral cell loss, and altered contralateral levels of mitochondrial proteins and respiratory chain activity. Our data suggest this animal model may be useful for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in α-synucleinopathies, for studying the hemisphere-dependent effects of α-synuclein aggregates, and for testing neuroprotective therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation.
Collapse
|
23
|
D’Amico R, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Genovese T, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Di Paola D, Cuzzocrea S, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R. Toxic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors Worsens Parkinson's Disease Progression through NRF2/HO-1 Alteration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1073. [PMID: 35625810 PMCID: PMC9138892 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Different studies showed that ED exposure may exacerbate the deterioration of the nervous system's dopaminergic capacity and cerebral inflammation, suggesting a promotion of neurodegeneration. In that regard, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of ED exposure on the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD was induced by intraperitoneally injections of MPTP for a total dose of 80 mg/kg for each mouse. Mice were orally exposed to EDs, starting 24 h after the first MPTP administration and continuing through seven additional days. Our results showed that ED exposure raised the loss of TH and DAT induced by the administration of MPTP, as well as increased aggregation of α-synuclein, a key marker of PD. Additionally, oral exposure to EDs induced astrocytes and microglia activation that, in turn, exacerbates oxidative stress, perturbs the Nrf2 signaling pathway and activates the cascade of MAPKs. Finally, we performed behavioral tests to demonstrate that the alterations in the dopaminergic system also reflected behavioral and cognitive alterations. Importantly, these changes are more significant after exposure to atrazine compared to other EDs. The results from our study provide evidence that exposure to EDs may play a role in the development of PD; therefore, exposure to EDs should be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (D.D.P.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.); (R.D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wood H. α-Synuclein-activated microglia are implicated in PD pathogenesis. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:188. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|