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Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38613099 PMCID: PMC11013902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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Chao LL, Sullivan K, Krengel MH, Killiany RJ, Steele L, Klimas NG, Koo BB. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1301066. [PMID: 38318196 PMCID: PMC10838998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1301066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gulf War Illness (GWI), also called Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI), is a multi-faceted condition that plagues an estimated 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans. Symptoms of GWI/CMI include fatigue, pain, and cognitive dysfunction. We previously reported that 12% of a convenience sample of middle aged (median age 52 years) GW veterans met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a clinical syndrome most prevalent in older adults (e.g., ≥70 years). The current study sought to replicate and extend this finding. Methods We used the actuarial neuropsychological criteria and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess the cognitive status of 952 GW veterans. We also examined regional brain volumes in a subset of GW veterans (n = 368) who had three Tesla magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Results We replicated our previous finding of a greater than 10% rate of MCI in four additional cohorts of GW veterans. In the combined sample of 952 GW veterans (median age 51 years at time of cognitive testing), 17% met criteria for MCI. Veterans classified as MCI were more likely to have CMI, history of depression, and prolonged (≥31 days) deployment-related exposures to smoke from oil well fires and chemical nerve agents compared to veterans with unimpaired and intermediate cognitive status. We also replicated our previous finding of hippocampal atrophy in veterans with MCI, and found significant group differences in lateral ventricle volumes. Discussion Because MCI increases the risk for late-life dementia and impacts quality of life, it may be prudent to counsel GW veterans with cognitive dysfunction, CMI, history of depression, and high levels of exposures to deployment-related toxicants to adopt lifestyle habits that have been associated with lowering dementia risk. With the Food and Drug Administration's recent approval of and the VA's decision to cover the cost for anti-amyloid β (Aβ) therapies, a logical next step for this research is to determine if GW veterans with MCI have elevated Aβ in their brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Chao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maxine H. Krengel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald J. Killiany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lea Steele
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bang-Bong Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Tianyi FL, Agbor VN, Njamnshi AK, Atashili J. Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in a Rural Elderly Cameroonian Population: A Community-Based Study in Sub-Saharan Africa. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2019; 47:104-113. [PMID: 30965322 DOI: 10.1159/000496825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS With rising elderly populations, age-related health problems such as cognitive impairment and dementia are major public health concerns. We sought to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors in rural elderly Cameroonians. METHODS The Mini Mental State Examination was used to assess the cognitive function of participants randomly recruited during a house-to-house survey of the Batibo Health District. RESULTS The prevalence of cognitive impairment in our study was 33.3%. Increasing age, female gender, being single, a lack of formal education, and higher systolic blood pressure values were significantly and independently associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION The identification of modifiable factors would inform evidence-based policy to decrease the health and social burdens of cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly in rural Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Neurology Department, Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon, .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, .,Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon,
| | - Julius Atashili
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Nagpal R, Mainali R, Ahmadi S, Wang S, Singh R, Kavanagh K, Kitzman DW, Kushugulova A, Marotta F, Yadav H. Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights. Nutr Healthy Aging 2018; 4:267-285. [PMID: 29951588 PMCID: PMC6004897 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of human gut microbiota begins as soon as the neonate leaves the protective environment of the uterus (or maybe in-utero) and is exposed to innumerable microorganisms from the mother as well as the surrounding environment. Concurrently, the host responses to these microbes during early life manifest during the development of an otherwise hitherto immature immune system. The human gut microbiome, which comprises an extremely diverse and complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, keeps on fluctuating during different stages of life. While these deviations are largely natural, inevitable and benign, recent studies show that unsolicited perturbations in gut microbiota configuration could have strong impact on several features of host health and disease. Our microbiota undergoes the most prominent deviations during infancy and old age and, interestingly, our immune health is also in its weakest and most unstable state during these two critical stages of life, indicating that our microbiota and health develop and age hand-in-hand. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions are only now beginning to be revealed. The present review summarizes the evidences related to the age-associated changes in intestinal microbiota and vice-versa, mechanisms involved in this bi-directional relationship, and the prospective for development of microbiota-based interventions such as probiotics for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rabina Mainali
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ria Singh
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dalane W. Kitzman
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Center for Life Sciences, NLA, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera Research and Development for Aging Interventions, and San Babila Clinic, Corso Matteotti 1/A, Milano, Italy
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Corresponding author: Hariom Yadav, PhD., Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biotech Place, Suite 2E-034, 575 Patterson Ave., Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA. Tel.: +1 336 713 5049; Fax: +1 336 716 9928; E-mail:
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Fu MC, Belza B, Nguyen H, Logsdon R, Demorest S. Impact of group-singing on older adult health in senior living communities: A pilot study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boss L, Kang DH, Bergstrom N, Leasure JL. Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27:515-21. [PMID: 25520242 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen and testosterone may influence cognitive function in the older adult, but the relationship between sex hormones and cognitive function is complex. AIM To examine associations of sex hormones and cognitive function among older adults ≥65 years old. METHODS Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected once from 71 elderly (mean age 86.4 years). Global cognitive function and executive function were measured with standardized instruments, and saliva samples were collected for salivary estradiol and testosterone. RESULTS Estradiol was significantly and positively correlated with global cognitive function in men only (r = 0.54, p < 0.05). Testosterone was not significantly correlated with global cognitive function or executive function in either gender. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Associations between sex hormones and cognitive function were mostly non-significant. However, higher estradiol was significantly correlated with better global cognitive function in men, suggesting gender-specific differences. Along with sex hormones, other comorbidity may need to be assessed together in relation to cognitive function in the elderly. Accordingly, clinicians play an important role in educating and promoting beneficial actions to preserve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Boss
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6901 Bertner, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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Mathias JL, Wheaton P. Contribution of brain or biological reserve and cognitive or neural reserve to outcome after TBI: A meta-analysis (prior to 2015). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:573-93. [PMID: 26054792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Patricia Wheaton
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lakshminarayanan B, Stanton C, O'Toole PW, Ross RP. Compositional dynamics of the human intestinal microbiota with aging: implications for health. J Nutr Health Aging 2014. [PMID: 25389954 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human gut contains trillions of microbes which form an essential part of the complex ecosystem of the host. This microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but may fluctuate over time with aging and disease. The gut microbiota serves a number of functions including roles in energy provision, nutrition and also in the maintenance of host health such as protection against pathogens. This review summarizes the age-related changes in the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the link between the gut microbiota in health and disease. Understanding the composition and function of the gut microbiota along with the changes it undergoes overtime should aid the design of novel therapeutic strategies to counteract such alterations. These strategies include probiotic and prebiotic preparations as well as targeted nutrients, designed to enrich the gut microbiota of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lakshminarayanan
- R. Paul Ross, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. , Tel: 00353 (0)25 42229, Fax: 00353 (0)25 42340
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Lakshminarayanan B, Stanton C, O'Toole PW, Ross RP. Compositional dynamics of the human intestinal microbiota with aging: implications for health. J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:773-86. [PMID: 25389954 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human gut contains trillions of microbes which form an essential part of the complex ecosystem of the host. This microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but may fluctuate over time with aging and disease. The gut microbiota serves a number of functions including roles in energy provision, nutrition and also in the maintenance of host health such as protection against pathogens. This review summarizes the age-related changes in the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the link between the gut microbiota in health and disease. Understanding the composition and function of the gut microbiota along with the changes it undergoes overtime should aid the design of novel therapeutic strategies to counteract such alterations. These strategies include probiotic and prebiotic preparations as well as targeted nutrients, designed to enrich the gut microbiota of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lakshminarayanan
- R. Paul Ross, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. , Tel: 00353 (0)25 42229, Fax: 00353 (0)25 42340
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Yun HS, Kim E, Suh SR, Kim MH, Kim H. Diabetes reduces the cognitive function with the decrease of the visual perception and visual motor integration in male older adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2013; 9:470-6. [PMID: 24282807 PMCID: PMC3836550 DOI: 10.12965/jer.130059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of diabetes on cognitive decline between the diabetes and non- diabetes patients and identified the associations between diabetes and cognitive function, visual perception (VP), and visual motor integration (VMI). Sixty elderly men (67.10± 1.65 yr) with and without diabetes (n= 30 in each group) who were surveyed by interview and questionnaire in South Korea were enrolled in this study. The score of Mini-Mental State Examination of Korean version (MMSE-KC), Motor-free Visual Perception Test-Vertical Format (MVPT-V), and Visual-Motor Integration 3rd Revision (VMI-3R) were assessed in all of the participants to evaluate cognitive function, VP, and VMI in each. The score of MMSE-KC in the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the non-diabetes group (P< 0.01). Participants in the diabetes group also had lower MVPT-V and VMI-3R scores than those in the non-diabetes group (P< 0.01, respectively). Especially, the scores of figure-ground and visual memory among the subcategories of MVPT-V were significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the non-diabetes group (P< 0.01). These findings indicate that the decline in cognitive function in individuals with diabetes may be greater than that in non-diabetics. In addition, the cognitive decline in older adults with diabetes might be associated with the decrease of VP and VMI. In conclusion, we propose that VP and VMI will be helpful to monitor the change of cognitive function in older adults with diabetes as part of the routine management of diabetes-induced cognitive declines.
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the potential of Tai Chi Chuan as a mode of physical activity that could have cognitive benefits for older adults and to provide potential directions for future research. A brief introduction to Tai Chi Chuan and its related physical benefits is provided. In addition, the empirical literature related to Tai Chi Chuan and cognition is reviewed. Potential mediators of the relationship between Tai Chi Chuan and cognition, including physical resources, disease status, and mental resources, are discussed. Based on the limitations of the extant literature, it is argued that future research in this area must provide more detailed descriptions of Tai Chi Chuan, particularly in terms of intensity and program progression. Consideration of the specific type of cognition that is expected to benefit is also encouraged, and approaches for further efforts to understand how Tai Chi Chuan affects cognition are recommended.
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Björkman MP, Sorva AJ, Tilvis RS. Does elevated parathyroid hormone concentration predict cognitive decline in older people? Aging Clin Exp Res 2010; 22:164-9. [PMID: 19934619 DOI: 10.1007/BF03324791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased parathyroid activity has been associated with impaired cognitive function, although the predictive value of parathyroid hormone (PTH) for cognitive decline has not yet been fully investigated. This association was evaluated in random persons of age cohorts of 75, 80 and 85 years in a 10- year longitudinal prospective study. METHODS Cognition of patients (n=514) was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) at baseline and at intervals of one, five and ten years. Clinical data were collected and serum PTH, ionized calcium (Ca2+) and creatinine as well as apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles were determined at baseline. RESULTS Impaired cognition (MMSE<24 or CDR> or =1) was associated with older age, impaired renal function, and elevated PTH (> or =62 ng/L, IV-quartile) at baseline. Elevated PTH indicated a 2-fold risk of an at least 4-point decrease in MMSE (OR 2.20) and a 3-fold risk of an increase in CDR-class (OR 3.20) within the first year of follow- up. The risk remained significantly elevated even after controlling for age, gender, baseline cognition, serum Ca2+, creatinine, and APOE4 (OR 2.24 for MMSE; OR 2.12 for CDR). High PTH also predicted cognitive decline within a five-year follow-up (OR 3.20), but the association disappeared at ten years. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PTH concentrations are associated with a five-year cognitive decline in a general aged population, independently of Ca2+ and renal function. The role of vitamin D deficiency, the most common cause of elevated PTH in the elderly, needs to be further investigated.
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Bond SM. Physiological aging in older adults with cancer: implications for treatment decision making and toxicity management. J Gerontol Nurs 2009; 36:26-37; quiz 38-9. [PMID: 19928710 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20091103-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Because the risk of cancer increases with age, the growth of the aging population will lead to a larger number of older adults with cancer. Standard cancer treatments can be safe and effective in older adults and result in improved survival and enhanced quality of life. Because physiological decline varies among older adults, cancer treatment requires an individualized approach. Consideration of physiological age, rather than chronological age alone, is required to guide treatment decision making and prevent and manage treatment toxicities and other complications. This article examines the impact of physiological aging on treatment decision making and toxicity management in older adults with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart M Bond
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA.
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