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Miyazawa H, Muraoka M, Matsuda Y, Toma T, Morio T, Shigemura T, Haraguchi K, Matsubayashi T, Kawai T, Shirai Y, Wada T. Clinical and molecular significance of flow cytometric analysis for reactive oxygen species production and residual p67 phox expression in p67 phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13372. [PMID: 38654426 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by molecular defects in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. p67phox-CGD is an autosomal recessive CGD, which is caused by a defect in the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase, p67phox, encoded by NCF2. We previously established a flow cytometric analysis for p67phox expression, which allows accurate assessment of residual protein expression in p67phox-CGD. We evaluated the correlation between oxidase function and p67phox expression, and assessed the relevancy to genotypes and clinical phenotypes in 11 patients with p67phox-CGD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by granulocytes was evaluated using dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) assays. p67phox expression was evaluated in the monocyte population. DHR activity and p67phox expression were significantly correlated (r = 0.718, p < 0.0162). Additionally, DHR activity and p67phox expression were significantly higher in patients carrying one missense variant in combination with one nonsense or frameshift variant in the NCF2 gene than in patients with only null variants. The available clinical parameters of our patients (i.e., age at disease onset, number of infectious episodes, and each infection complication) were not linked with DHR activity or p67phox expression levels. In summary, our flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant correlation between residual ROS production and p67phox expression. More deleterious NCF2 genotypes were associated with lower levels of DHR activity and p67phox expression. DHR assays and protein expression analysis by using flow cytometry may be relevant strategies for predicting the genotypes of p67phox-CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Miyazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Haraguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Toshinao Kawai
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kettle AJ, Ashby LV, Winterbourn CC, Dickerhof N. Superoxide: The enigmatic chemical chameleon in neutrophil biology. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:181-196. [PMID: 36609987 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The burst of superoxide produced when neutrophils phagocytose bacteria is the defining biochemical feature of these abundant immune cells. But 50 years since this discovery, the vital role superoxide plays in host defense has yet to be defined. Superoxide is neither bactericidal nor is it just a source of hydrogen peroxide. This simple free radical does, however, have remarkable chemical dexterity. Depending on its environment and reaction partners, superoxide can act as an oxidant, a reductant, a nucleophile, or an enzyme substrate. We outline the evidence that inside phagosomes where neutrophils trap, kill, and digest bacteria, superoxide will react preferentially with the enzyme myeloperoxidase, not the bacterium. By acting as a cofactor, superoxide will sustain hypochlorous acid production by myeloperoxidase. As a substrate, superoxide may give rise to other forms of reactive oxygen. We contend that these interactions hold the key to understanding the precise role superoxide plays in neutrophil biology. State-of-the-art techniques in mass spectrometry, oxidant-specific fluorescent probes, and microscopy focused on individual phagosomes are needed to identify bactericidal mechanisms driven by superoxide. This work will undoubtably lead to fascinating discoveries in host defense and give a richer understanding of superoxide's varied biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kettle
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louisa V Ashby
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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El-Benna J, Dang PMC. Starting-NOX2-Up: Rac unrolls p67 phox. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:213-215. [PMID: 33993516 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ce0321-134r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussion on the molecular mechanism of phagocyte NADPH oxidase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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