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Kupriyanova OV, Shevyrin VA, Sadykova RG, Shafran YM. Identification of thermolabile positional isomers of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamines (NBOH series) using chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38263625 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Among N-((2-substituted)benzyl)phenylethanamines, N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)phenylethanamines are a special type of compounds which are thermolabile and degrade in the course of analysis by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This can lead to substantial errors, in the identification of legally controlled compounds of this series containing methoxy groups at positions 2 and 5 of the benzene ring of the phenylethyl fragment by GC-MS, which is commonly used in forensic and toxicological laboratories. Exemplified by the five isomeric 2-(dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethanamines, it was shown that their derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (same as in the case of the N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-, N-(2-fluorobenzyl)-, N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-, and N-(2-bromobenzyl)substitutes phenylethanamines [NBOMe, NBF, NBCl, and NBBr, respectively] series described earlier) results in only one product, N-monosubstituted derivative, for each positional isomer within a series, which makes it possible to reliably identify each compound by the GC-MS method. In addition, chromatographic conditions for sufficient separation of trifluoroacetyl derivatives of these positional isomers of the NBOH series in 25 min are proposed, which is an important aspect for analysis in forensic laboratories engaged in the determination of narcotic drugs and new psychoactive substances. As an alternative approach, a method for identifying positional isomers of the NBOH series by the high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) method without derivatization is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kupriyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim A Shevyrin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yuri M Shafran
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Boronat Ena MDM, Cowan DA, Abbate V. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis. Mass Spectrom Rev 2023; 42:3-34. [PMID: 34036620 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy-to-use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Boronat Ena
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - David A Cowan
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
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Ivory ST, Rotella JA, Schumann J, Greene SL. A cluster of 25B-NBOH poisonings following exposure to powder sold as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:966-969. [PMID: 35343858 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2053150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 25B-NBOH is a synthetic hallucinogen closely related to the "NBOMe" family of N-substituted 2C phenethylamine derivatives. There have been no published reports documenting the clinical toxicity of NBOH derivatives. CASE SERIES Five patients presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with altered conscious state following exposure to powder sold as "powdered LSD" at a party. A 24-year-old male who ingested the powder developed mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, and severe agitation requiring parenteral sedation. A 22-year-old male who insufflated the powder developed status epilepticus requiring intubation. Both patients developed acute kidney injury and one had rhabdomyolysis. In both cases, blood analysis detected 25-NBOH and no other illicit/licit drugs. Three other patients developed mild hallucinations. Hyperthermia was not documented in any case. DISCUSSION Exposure to 25B-NBOH in a powdered form produced sympathomimetic toxicity, including hallucinations. Insufflation of 25B-NBOH led to rapid onset of status epilepticus in one case. Toxicity in all cases resolved within 12 h. Despite in vitro evidence of 5-HT2A receptor agonism, hyperthermia was not observed. Potent hallucinogens are often delivered via blotter paper to avoid excessive dosing. The severe clinical toxicity documented in these cases highlights the potential for development of adverse health effects with exposure to apparent small volumes of potent sympathomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Ivory
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joe-Anthony Rotella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Schumann
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shaun L Greene
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Rodrigues TB, Souza MP, de Melo Barbosa L, de Carvalho Ponce J, Júnior LFN, Yonamine M, Costa JL. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists profile in infused papers seized in Brazilian prisons. Forensic Toxicol 2021; 40:119-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-021-00586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Alves de Barros W, Queiroz MP, da Silva Neto L, Borges GM, Martins FT, de Fátima Â. Synthesis of 25X-BOMes and 25X-NBOHs (X = H, I, Br) for pharmacological studies and as reference standards for forensic purposes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meira VL, de Oliveira AS, Cohen LSA, de A Bhering C, de Oliveira KM, de Siqueira DS, de Oliveira MAM, Aquino Neto FRD, Vanini G. Chemical and statistical analyses of blotter paper matrix drugs seized in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 318:110588. [PMID: 33278694 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are psychoactive substances illicitly distributed and used worldwide. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, they represent a public health issue and are directly related to several social problems. The recent increase in appearances of new psychoactive substances (NPS), derived from structural modifications of existing psychoactive substances, poses a threat to public health and forensic laboratories worldwide, as little is known about these substances. This study aimed to chemically and geographically map drugs of abuse from blotter papers seized by the Civil Police of Rio de Janeiro State (PCERJ) between 2006 and 2019. High-performance analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-MS), combined with statistical analyses, were employed to characterize the seized samples. The most common chemical compounds in NPS found in this study were synthetic phenethylamines, i.e., molecules from the 25I-NBOH (2-(((4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol) and 25I-NBOMe (2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine) families. Prior to 2014, the majority of seized blotter papers contained lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and were concentrated in the Metropolitan region. An upsurge in blotter paper seizures was observed from 2014 to 2017; the most common substances during this time were from the NBOMe family. NBOH compounds emerged in 2016 in coastal regions with high tourism, reaching over 1300 items only in 2017. Only one synthetic cannabinoid was found among the blotter papers seized in Rio de Janeiro between 2006 and 2019. The assembled chemical data and statistical analyses allowed the mapping and monitoring of the chemical profiles of the seized blotter papers, providing a strong foundation for the understanding of the origins and movement of these drugs around the RJ State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius L Meira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, NAF - LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Adriana S de Oliveira
- PCERJ, SEPOL, Instituto de Criminalística Carlos Éboli (ICCE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20060-050, Brazil.
| | - Luciana S A Cohen
- PCERJ, SEPOL, Instituto de Criminalística Carlos Éboli (ICCE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20060-050, Brazil
| | - Cecília de A Bhering
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, NAF - LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Karen M de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, NAF - LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Denilson S de Siqueira
- PCERJ, SEPOL, Instituto de Criminalística Carlos Éboli (ICCE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20060-050, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Martins de Oliveira
- PCERJ, SEPOL, Instituto de Criminalística Carlos Éboli (ICCE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20060-050, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, GQA, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Francisco R de Aquino Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, NAF - LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Vanini
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, NAF - LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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Ferrari E, Arantes LC, Salum LB, Caldas ED. Analysis of non-derivatized 2-(4-R-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine using short column gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461657. [PMID: 33161196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 25R-NBOH family is a group of thermally labile compounds that are relevant for forensic sciences and traditionally analyzed by GC-MS after derivatization - a step that is time consuming in a routine work. In this paper, the use of short analytical columns (4 and 10 m) showed to decrease compound degradation in the GC oven during chromatographic separation and to allow the analysis of non-derivatized 25R-NBOH compounds by GC-MS. A shorter column demanded a higher gas flow rate, and both factors decreased residence time of the analytes in the column and their degradation. The inlet temperature (250° C or 280°C) did not impact the response of 25R-NBOH. A 25R-NBOH fragmentation pathway by electron ionization was also presented for the first time. The GC-MS method with a 4 m column was successfully applied to other compounds of forensic interest, and it can be tested in the analysis of biological samples in toxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Ferrari
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Luciano Chaves Arantes
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Lívia Barros Salum
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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Dos Santos NA, Macrino CJ, Allochio Filho JF, Gonçalves FF, Almeida CM, Agostini F, Guizolfi T, Moura S, Lacerda V, Filgueiras PR, Ortiz RS, Romão W. Exploring the chemical profile of designer drugs by ESI(+) and PSI(+) mass spectrometry-An approach on the fragmentation mechanisms and chemometric analysis. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4596. [PMID: 32729201 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of design drugs, frequently known as new psychoactive substances (NPS), has increased considerably worldwide, becoming a severe issue for the responsible governmental agencies. These illicit substances can be defined as synthetic compounds produced in clandestine laboratories in order to act as analogs of schedule drugs mimetizing its chemical structure and improving its pharmacological effects while hampering the control and making regulation more complicated. In this way, the development of new methodologies for chemical analysis of NPS drugs is indispensable to determine a novel class of drugs arising from the underground market. Therefore, this work shows the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applying different ionization sources such as paper spray ionization (PSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) in the evaluation of miscellaneous of seized drugs samples as blotter paper (n = 79) and tablet (n = 100). Also, an elucidative analysis was performed by ESI(+)MS/MS experiments, and fragmentation mechanisms were proposed to confirm the chemical structure of compounds identified. Besides, the results of ESI(+) and PSI(+)-FT-ICR MS were compared with those of GC-MS, revealing that ESI(+)MS showed greater detection efficiency among the methodologies employed in this study. Moreover, this study stands out as a guide for the chemical analysis of NPS drugs, highlighting the differences between the techniques of ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS, PSI(+)-FT-ICR MS, and GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Clebson J Macrino
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Allochio Filho
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Rodovia BR-101 Norte, Km 58, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Camila M Almeida
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95020260, Brazil
| | - Tainara Guizolfi
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95020260, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95020260, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Superintendência da Polícia Federal no Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-910, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Vitoria, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Brazil
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Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Belchior de Andrade AF, Elie M, Weck C, Jardim Zacca J, de Souza MP, Caldas LNB, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Challenges in the identification of new thermolabile psychoactive substances: The 25I-NBOH case. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 312:110306. [PMID: 32408040 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of NPS over the last years poses a series of novel challenges for forensic analysts. Most of those new compounds are synthesized with minimal chemical modifications to the structure of already known chemicals in order to avoid regulations. Some of these new compounds may undergo chemical changes during analysis leading to misidentification and detrimental legal consequences. GC-MS is one of the most widely used analytical techniques employed by forensic laboratories all over the world for drug analysis. Nevertheless, thermolabile NPS, such as 25I-NBOH can generate artefacts in the traditional GC-MS analysis. In this paper, we describe the fragmentation mechanism of the 25I-NBOH into a major peak corresponding to 2C-I and a minor one corresponding to the associated ortho-phenolic benzyl ether (o-PBE), which exact identity is directly linked with the solvent used for the analysis. Also, a series of method adjustments is displayed, encompassing variation on the injector temperature, split ratio and flow ratio, although with no success to prevent 25I-NBOH thermo degradation in the GC injector. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that 25I-NBOH's thermal stability is due to a smaller temperature window between fusion and decomposition points. Finally, we perform derivatization experiments and demonstrate how to overcome 25I-NBOH degradation in the GC/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Belchior de Andrade
- Seção de Perícias e Análises Laboratoriais, Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal, SPO, Lote 23, Bloco E, Brasília, DF CEP 70610-200, Brazil.
| | - Mathieu Elie
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Christian Weck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Jorge Jardim Zacca
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
| | - Mônica Paulo de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
| | - Luíza Nicolau Brandão Caldas
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
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Rodrigues de Morais D, Francisco da Cunha K, Betoni Rodrigues T, Lanaro R, de Melo Barbosa L, Jardim Zacca J, Nogueira Eberlin M, Costa JL. Triple quadrupole–mass spectrometry protocols for the analysis of NBOMes and NBOHs in blotter papers. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 309:110184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Machado Y, Coelho Neto J, Lordeiro RA, Alves RB, Piccin E. Identification of new NBOH drugs in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH. Forensic Toxicol 2020; 38:203-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The recreational drug market remains dynamic. After the introduction of 25I-NBOH, an N-benzylphenethylamine and new psychoactive substance, as option for LSD and NBOMe drugs, new NBOH substances have been identified in recent years. Herein, we report our efforts for the identification and structural elucidation of three new NBOHs detected in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH.
Methods
Blotter papers seized between 2017 and 2018 by local police force in Brazil were submitted to extraction, purification, identification and characterization using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results
Three new NBOHs were characterized: 2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25E-NBOH, 2C-E-NBOH), 2-(((4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25C-NBOH, 2C-C-NBOH), and 2-(((4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25B-NBOH, 2C-B-NBOH).
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report for identification and detailed characterization of 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH in seized samples. NBOH substances are not under United Nations Conventions control. The identification of seized blotter papers between 2014 and beginning of 2019 showed that NBOH substances have become the main hallucinogenic drug in the region. These group are thermolabile under gas chromatographic conditions, demanding other analytical approaches of analysis to avoid misidentifications. Unfortunately, the knowledge about toxicology of NBOHs are limited.
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de Almeida CM, Pinto FE, dos Santos NA, de Souza LM, Merlo BB, Thompson CJ, Romão W. Designer drugs analysis by LDI(+), MALDI(+) and MALDI(+) imaging coupled to FT-ICR MS. Microchem J 2019; 149:104002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chia XWS, Ong MC, Yeo YYC, Ho YJ, Binte Ahmad Nasir EI, Tan LLJ, Chua PY, Yap TWA, Lim JLW. Simultaneous analysis of 2Cs, 25-NBOHs, 25-NBOMes and LSD in seized exhibits using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A targeted approach. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Belchior de Andrade AF, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Electroanalytical identification of 25I-NBOH and 2C-I via differential pulse voltammetry: a rapid and sensitive screening method to avoid misidentification. Analyst 2019; 144:2965-2972. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
25I-NBOH is a new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist recently identified in blotter paper seizures.
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