1
|
Tu T, Ren Y, Gong W, Huang J, Zhu C, Salah M, Zhao L, Xia X, Wang Y. Endoglucanase H from Aspergillus westerdijkiae Plays an Important Role in the Virulence on Pear Fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8415-8422. [PMID: 38573226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus westerdijkiae can infect many agricultural products including cereals, grapes, and pear. Pathogenic fungi secrete diverse effectors as invasive weapons for successful invasion the host plant. During the pathogen-host interaction, 4486 differentially expressed genes were observed in A. westerdijkiae with 2773 up-regulated and 1713 down-regulated, whereas 8456 differentially expressed genes were detected in pear fruits with 4777 up-regulated and 3679 down-regulated. A total of 309 effector candidate genes were identified from the up-regulated genes in A. westerdijkiae. Endoglucanase H (AwEGH) was significantly induced during the pathogen-host interaction. Deletion of AwEGH resulted in altered fungal growth and morphology and reduced conidia production and germination compared to the wild-type. Further experiments demonstrated that AwEGH plays a role in cell wall integrity. Importantly, disruption of AwEGH significantly reduced the fungal virulence on pear fruits, and this defect can be partly explained by the impaired ability of A. westerdijkiae to penetrate host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weifeng Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juanying Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenyang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Luning Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Center of Analysis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Li E, Wu W, Wang G, Zhang J, Guo X, Xing F. The Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Diversity From Aspergillus ochraceus. Front Chem 2022; 10:938626. [PMID: 36092677 PMCID: PMC9452667 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.938626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus ochraceus, generally known as a food spoilage fungus, is the representative species in Aspergillus section Circumdati. A. ochraceus strains are widely distributed in nature, and usually isolated from cereal, coffee, fruit, and beverage. Increasing cases suggest A. ochraceus acts as human and animal pathogens due to producing the mycotoxins. However, in terms of benefits to mankind, A. ochraceus is the potential source of industrial enzymes, and has excellent capability to produce diverse structural products, including polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, diketopiperazine alkaloids, benzodiazepine alkaloids, pyrazines, bis-indolyl benzenoids, nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids, and steroids. This review outlines recent discovery, chemical structure, biosynthetic pathway, and bio-activity of the natural compounds from A. ochraceus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erfeng Li
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang,
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoppanová L, Dylíková J, Kováčik D, Medvecká V, Ďurina P, Kryštofová S, Zahoranová A, Kaliňáková B. The effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on Aspergillus ochraceus and ochratoxin A production. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1479-1488. [PMID: 32766937 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus ochraceus is a soil fungus known to produce ochratoxin A, a harmful secondary metabolite. Prevention and control of fungal pathogens mostly rely on chemical fungicides, which is one of the contributing factors in the emergence of the fungal resistance, hence novel methods for fungal eradication have been extensively researched. The cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma generated in ambient air has been recently applied in microbial decontamination. Here we used the diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in inactivation of a toxigenic strain A. ochraceus. The plasma-treated conidia and mycelium exhibited morphological changes such as ruptures and desiccation. Mycelium dehydration and changes in the chemical composition of hyphal surface accompanied plasma treatment. The growth of 26 h old mycelia were significantly restricted after 30 s of plasma treatment. The conidial vitality declined 4 logs after 180 s of plasma exposure leading to almost complete decontamination. After shorter plasma treatment of conidia, the ochratoxin A (OTA) production increased at the early stage of cultivation, but the overall level was significantly reduced compared to untreated samples after longer cultivation. Our results indicated that the fungal growth and the OTA production were significantly changed by plasma treatment and underscored CAP plasma as a promising method in the decontamination of A. ochraceus without a risk to generate strains with increased OTA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Hoppanová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juliana Dylíková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Kováčik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Ďurina
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kryštofová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Zahoranová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kaliňáková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen Y, Nie J, Kuang L, Zhang J, Li H. DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:323-362. [PMID: 32207561 PMCID: PMC7936329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing‐based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China.,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lixue Kuang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Haifei Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| |
Collapse
|