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Schroeder AN, Amin I, Bowen BJ, Callender SS, Ferderber M, Kerr HA, Phillips SF, Romero JM, Rudolph L, Vidlock K, Waterbrook AL, Kruse RC. Implementing a Sports Ultrasound Curriculum in Undergraduate Medical Education. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:328-335. [PMID: 37678352 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The utilization of sports ultrasound in the clinical practice of sports medicine physicians is growing rapidly. Simultaneously, ultrasound is being increasingly implemented as a teaching tool in undergraduate medical education. However, a sports ultrasound curriculum for medical students has not been previously described. In this article, we describe methods as well as barriers to implementing a sports ultrasound curriculum at the medical school level. Recommended content for the curriculum also is discussed. While educational goals and resources will vary among institutions, this article may serve as a general roadmap for the creation of a successful curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idris Amin
- Department of Neurology and Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brady J Bowen
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | | | - Megan Ferderber
- Department of Family Medicine, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC
| | - Hamish A Kerr
- Department Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Shawn F Phillips
- Family and Community Medicine and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Joshua M Romero
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Kathryn Vidlock
- Family Medicine and Ultrasound, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO
| | - Anna L Waterbrook
- Sports and Emergency Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ryan C Kruse
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Sports Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Kameda T. The combination of physical examination and point-of-care ultrasonography in undergraduate medical education. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023; 50:273-274. [PMID: 37464174 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-023-01328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kameda
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Red Cross Society Azumino Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
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Kern J, Scarpulla M, Finch C, Martini W, Bolch CA, Al-Nakkash L. The assessment of point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) in acute care settings is benefitted by early medical school integration and fellowship training. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:65-72. [PMID: 36121935 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2021-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has widespread utilization in multiple clinical settings. It has been shown to positively influence clinician confidence in diagnosis and can help appropriately manage patients in acute care settings. There has been a growing trend of increased emphasis on incorporating POCUS training in the first 2 years of the medical school curriculum. OBJECTIVES This article aims to analyze the clinical use of POCUS in acute settings and how training early in medical school may strengthen clinician confidence and utilization. METHODS An anonymous 10-question survey on POCUS use was conducted via a secure online platform and distributed to board-certified practicing physicians (MDs and DOs) with educational agreements with Midwestern University (MWU) across acute care specialties. This included preceptors within the MWU graduate medical education clinical consortium. Survey questions were aimed at assessing frequency of use, machine type, reasons for utilizing POCUS, initial ultrasound training, confidence in performing/interpreting POCUS, and perceived impact on patient outcomes. Surveys less than 50% complete were excluded. All surveys returned were more than 50% complete and thus included in the study. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the statistical software R version 4.0. RESULTS Surveys were sent out to 187 participants with 68 responses (36.4% response rate). The survey results demonstrated a relationship between learning POCUS earlier in one's medical career (medical school, residency, or fellowship) to increased use in acute settings when compared to learning POCUS during clinical practice. Of the 68 respondents, 65 (95.6%) indicated that they agree or strongly agree that POCUS use improves patient care, and 64 (94.1%) indicated that they agree or strongly agree that the use of POCUS can improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our survey of acute care physicians indicated that most respondents utilize POCUS daily or weekly (90.8%), and this was related to fewer years of practice (under 10 years from medical school graduation, 94.6%). Moreover, POCUS was utilized primarily in acute care settings for procedures (25%, n=17/68 respondents). These survey results indicate that early integration of POCUS education in osteopathic medical school curricula and throughout fellowship training could likely enhance POCUS utilization in acute care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kern
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Megan Scarpulla
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Charles Finch
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Wayne Martini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Abrazo Health Network, Goodyear, AZ, USA
| | - Charlotte A Bolch
- Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Abstract
This qualitative and quantitative study offered students the opportunity to participate in engaging and inspiring activities "outside the classroom", to extend their experience and knowledge of surface anatomy. Medical and health science students benefit from studying surface anatomy as it is relevant to their future professions that deal with patients and clients. Surface anatomy is an essential part of the learning process that allows students an opportunity to identify anatomical structures on living people and to develop their palpation and tactile skills for physical examinations of patients. Body painting is a student-centred, engaging, and motivating approach to learn surface anatomy in anatomy practical classes. In this study, anatomy learning was extended "beyond the classroom" through extra-curricular body painting projects. These projects were run by student teams consisting of a student model, student artists (4-5), and a student photographer, under the direction of the chief investigator. A total of sixteen body painting projects were carried out from 2010 to show the skeletal system, the muscular system, pregnancy, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and the neurovascular systems of the entire body. A SurveyMonkey of 31/41 active participants suggested that participants enjoyed the projects (94-100%), found them relevant to their future profession (80-87%), and considered them to assist with deeper understanding (94%) and long-term memory (93%) of anatomy. Learning anatomy outside the classroom through extra-curricular body painting projects was a successful way to engage, motivate, and inspire participants and first year anatomy students to study surface anatomy and to develop their physical examination skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Diaz
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640 Australia
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Kitagawa T, Aoki Y, Sugimoto H, Ozaki N. Randomised controlled trial for evaluation of an ultrasound-guided palpation intervention for palpation skill training. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1189. [PMID: 35075225 PMCID: PMC8786950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are increasing reports on the usefulness of sonopalpation with ultrasound imaging, many previous studies have reported interventions without a control group. This single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial aimed to determine whether educational instruction with sonopalpation for physical therapy students has a more superior effect on skill improvement than traditional instruction without ultrasonography. Twenty-nine physical therapy students participated in the study and were randomised using block randomisation into an ultrasound imaging group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 14). Subsequently, they underwent three training sessions focusing on the shoulder joint. Participants underwent a scoring assessment of their palpation skills at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up 3 months after training. The raters were blinded to the subjects’ group. The Friedman and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for data analysis. The intervention group showed a significant increase in scores at post-intervention and the 3-month follow-up; the effect sizes were large (0.849 and 0.849, respectively). A comparison of the scores at different time points after the intervention at the 3-month follow-up revealed no significant difference between the groups. Education using ultrasound imaging may be non-inferior to education without it; nevertheless, further studies are needed to demonstrate superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitagawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yuma Aoki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hotaka Sugimoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ozaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Kameda T, Taniguchi N, Konno K, Koibuchi H, Omoto K, Itoh K. Ultrasonography in undergraduate medical education: a comprehensive review and the education program implemented at Jichi Medical University. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2022; 49:217-30. [PMID: 35034230 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The concept of point-of-care ultrasound has been widely accepted owing to the development of portable ultrasound systems and growing body of evidence concerning its extensive utility. Thus, it is reasonable to suggest that training to use this modality be included in undergraduate medical education. Training in ultrasonography helps medical students learn basic subjects such as anatomy and physiology, improve their physical examination skills, and acquire diagnostic and procedural skills. Technological advances such as simulators, affordable handheld devices, and tele-ultrasound systems can facilitate undergraduate ultrasound education. Several reports have indicated that some medical schools have integrated ultrasound training into their undergraduate medical curricula. Jichi Medical University in Japan has been providing medical students with ultrasound education to fulfill part of its mission to provide medical care to rural areas. Vertical integration of ultrasound education into a curriculum seems reasonable to ensure skill retention and improvement. However, several issues have hampered the integration of ultrasound into medical education, including a lack of trained faculty, the need to recruit human models, requisition of ultrasound machines for training, and limited curricular space; proposed solutions include peer teaching, students as trained simulated patients, the development of more affordable handheld devices, and a flipped classroom approach with access to an e-learning platform, respectively. A curriculum should be developed through multidisciplinary and bottom-up student-initiated approaches. Formulating national and international consensuses concerning the milestones and curricula can promote the incorporation of ultrasound training into undergraduate medical education at the national level.
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Bowers R, Neuberger D, Williams C, Kneer L, Sussman W. The Impact of an Ultrasound Curriculum on the Accuracy of Resident Joint Line Palpation. PM R 2020; 13:1261-1265. [PMID: 33340274 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound education has been used as a tool to help improve physical examination skills. However, its utility in increasing accuracy of joint line palpation has yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of resident palpation and identification of the lateral knee joint line before and after introducing a musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) curriculum. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING A physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency program at an academic institution. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen PM&R residents. INTERVENTIONS Residents underwent a knee-focused MSUS workshop. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Distance from needle placement to joint line confirmed with ultrasound. RESULTS All residents demonstrated improved accuracy in lateral knee joint line palpation after completing a knee-focused MSUS workshop, with statistically significant (P < .05) improvement in postgraduate year (PGY) 2 (P = .02), PGY-3 (P = .04), and across all residents (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS MSUS education significantly improved lateral knee joint line palpation accuracy in resident physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bowers
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David Neuberger
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Lee Kneer
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Walter Sussman
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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