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De Luca L, Lombardo L, Mirabile S, Marrazzo A, Dichiara M, Cosentino G, Amata E, Gitto R. Discovery and computational studies of piperidine/piperazine-based compounds endowed with sigma receptor affinity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1734-1742. [PMID: 37731701 PMCID: PMC10507793 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe our efforts to identify sigma receptor 1 (S1R) ligands through a screening campaign on our in-house collection of piperidine/piperazine-based compounds. Our investigations led to the discovery of the potent compound 2-[4-(benzyl)-1-piperidin-1-yl]-1-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanone (1) with high affinity toward S1R (Ki value of 3.2 nM) that was comparable to reference compound haloperidol (Ki value of 2.5 nM). Functional assay revealed that compound 1 acted as S1R agonist. To decipher the binding mode of this promising S1R ligand as a starting point for further structure-based optimization, we analysed the docking pose by using a S1R-structure derived from cocrystal structures of potent ligands in complex with target protein. The computational study was enriched with molecular dynamic simulations that revealed the crucial amino acid residues that interacted with the most interesting compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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2
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Rafcikova J, Novakova M, Stracina T. Exploring the Association between Schizophrenia and Cardiovascular Diseases: Insights into the Role of Sigma 1 Receptor. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S113-S126. [PMID: 37565416 PMCID: PMC10660581 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary society is characterized by rapid changes. Various epidemiological, political and economic crises represent a burden to mental health of nowadays population, which may at least partially explain the increasing incidence of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality by at least 13-15 years. The leading cause of premature mortality in schizophrenia patients is high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The specific-cause mortality risk for cardiovascular diseases in schizophrenia patients is more than twice higher as compared to the general population. Several factors are discussed as the factor of cardiovascular diseases development. Intensive efforts to identify possible link between schizophrenia and cardiovascular diseases are made. It seems that sigma 1 receptor may represent such link. By modulation of the activity of several neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, glutamate, and GABA, sigma 1 receptor might play a role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, significant roles of sigma 1 receptor in cardiovascular system have been repeatedly reported. The detailed role of sigma 1 receptor in both schizophrenia and cardiovascular disorders development however remains unclear. The article presents an overview of current knowledge about the association between schizophrenia and cardiovascular diseases and proposes possible explanations with special emphasis on the role of the sigma 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rafcikova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Li C, Xiao Z, Luo Y, Pan X, Xu L, Feng X. Synthesis, Biophysical Properties, and Antitumor Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides Conjugated with Anisamide. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1645. [PMID: 37376093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) have proven potential for the treatment of various diseases. However, their limited bioavailability restricts their clinical application. New structures with improved enzyme resistance stability and efficient drug delivery are needed. In this work, we propose a novel category of ASONs bearing anisamide conjugation at phosphorothioate sites for oncotherapy. ASONs can be conjugated with the ligand anisamide very efficiently and flexibly in a solution. The conjugation sites and the ligand amount both influence anti-enzymatic stability and cellular uptake, resulting in changes in antitumor activity that are detectable by cytotoxicity assay. The conjugate with double anisamide (T6) was identified as the optimal conjugate, and its antitumor activity and the underlying mechanism were examined further in vitro and in vivo. This paper presents a new strategy for the design of nucleic acid-based therapeutics with improved drug delivery and biophysical and biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zuyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Pan
- Beijing Easyresearch Technology Limited, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuesong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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4
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Blicker L, González-Cano R, Laurini E, Nieto FR, Schmidt J, Schepmann D, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Conformationally Restricted σ 1 Receptor Antagonists from (-)-Isopulegol. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4999-5020. [PMID: 36946301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Antagonists at σ1 receptors have great potential for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Starting from monoterpene (-)-isopulegol (1), aminodiols 8-11 were obtained and transformed into bicyclic 13-16 and tricyclic ligands 19-22. Aminodiols 8-11 showed higher σ1 affinity than the corresponding bicyclic 13-16 and tricyclic derivatives 19-22. (R)-configuration in the side chain of aminodiols (8 and 10) led to higher σ1 affinity than (S)-configuration (9 and 11). 4-Benzylpiperidines (b-series) revealed higher σ1 affinity than 4-phenylbutylamines (a-series). Aminodiol 8b showed very high σ1 affinity (Ki = 1.2 nM), excellent selectivity over σ2 receptors, and promising logD7.4 (3.05) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (5.87) values. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the σ1 affinity and selectivity on an atomistic level. In the capsaicin assay, 8b exhibited similar antiallodynic activity to the prototypical σ1 antagonist S1RA. The antiallodynic activity of 8b was removed by co-application of the σ1 agonist PRE-084, proving σ1 antagonism being involved in the antiallodynic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Blicker
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael González-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center (Neurosciences Institute), Biosanitary Research Institute ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center (Neurosciences Institute), Biosanitary Research Institute ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Gouveia MG, Wesseler JP, Ramaekers J, Weder C, Scholten PBV, Bruns N. Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis? Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:728-778. [PMID: 36537575 PMCID: PMC9890519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics are an attractive alternative to established therapeutic approaches and represent one of the fastest growing families of drugs. While many of these proteins can be delivered using established formulations, the intrinsic sensitivity of proteins to denaturation sometimes calls for a protective carrier to allow administration. Historically, lipid-based self-assembled structures, notably liposomes, have performed this function. After the discovery of polymersome-based targeted drug-delivery systems, which offer manifold advantages over lipid-based structures, the scientific community expected that such systems would take the therapeutic world by storm. However, no polymersome formulations have been commercialised. In this review article, we discuss key obstacles for the sluggish translation of polymersome-based protein nanocarriers into approved pharmaceuticals, which include limitations imparted by the use of non-degradable polymers, the intricacies of polymersome production methods, and the complexity of the in vivo journey of polymersomes across various biological barriers. Considering this complex subject from a polymer chemist's point of view, we highlight key areas that are worthy to explore in order to advance polymersomes to a level at which clinical trials become worthwhile and translation into pharmaceutical and nanomedical applications is realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael G Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Justus P Wesseler
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jobbe Ramaekers
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Cao M, Shi E, Wang H, Mao L, Wu Q, Li X, Liang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, Li C. Personalized Targeted Therapeutic Strategies against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. An Evidence-Based Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4293-4306. [PMID: 36134201 PMCID: PMC9484769 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck, with a poor prognosis mainly due to recurrence and metastasis. Classical treatment modalities for OSCC like surgery and radiotherapy have difficulties in dealing with metastatic tumors, and together with chemotherapy, they have major problems related to non-specific cell death. Molecular targeted therapies offer solutions to these problems through not only potentially maximizing the anticancer efficacy but also minimizing the treatment-related toxicity. Among them, the receptor-mediated targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics remains the most promising one. As OSCC exhibits a heterogeneous nature, selecting the appropriate receptors for targeting is the prerequisite. Hence, we reviewed the OSCC-associated receptors previously used in targeted therapy, focused on their biochemical characteristics and expression patterns, and discussed the application potential in personalized targeted therapy of OSCC. We hope that a better comprehension of this subject will help to provide the fundamental information for OSCC personalized therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyu Shi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanping Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Mao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Li
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Liang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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7
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Lengacher R, Alberto R. Bioorganometallics: 99mTc cytectrenes, syntheses and applications in nuclear medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Torres-Gómez H, Daniliuc C, Schepmann D, Laurini E, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Propellanes as Rigid Scaffolds for the Stereodefined Attachment of σ-Pharmacophoric Structural Elements to Achieve σ Affinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115685. [PMID: 34073622 PMCID: PMC8199339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the concept of conformationally restriction of ligands to achieve high receptor affinity, we exploited the propellane system as rigid scaffold allowing the stereodefined attachment of various substituents. Three types of ligands were designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated as σ1 receptor ligands. Propellanes with (1) a 2-methoxy-5-methylphenylcarbamate group at the "left" five-membered ring and various amino groups on the "right" side; (2) benzylamino or analogous amino moieties on the "right" side and various substituents at the left five-membered ring and (3) various urea derivatives at one five-membered ring were investigated. The benzylamino substituted carbamate syn,syn-4a showed the highest σ1 affinity within the group of four stereoisomers emphasizing the importance of the stereochemistry. The cyclohexylmethylamine 18 without further substituents at the propellane scaffold revealed unexpectedly high σ1 affinity (Ki = 34 nM) confirming the relevance of the bioisosteric replacement of the benzylamino moiety by the cyclohexylmethylamino moiety. Reduction of the distance between the basic amino moiety and the "left" hydrophobic region by incorporation of the amino moiety into the propellane scaffold resulted in azapropellanes with particular high σ1 affinity. As shown for the propellanamine 18, removal of the carbamate moiety increased the σ1 affinity of 9a (Ki = 17 nM) considerably. Replacement of the basic amino moiety by H-bond forming urea did not lead to potent σ ligands. According to molecular dynamics simulations, both azapropellanes anti-5 and 9a as well as propellane 18 adopt binding poses at the σ1 receptor, which result in energetic values correlating well with their different σ1 affinities. The affinity of the ligands is enthalpy driven. The additional interactions of the carbamate moiety of anti-5 with the σ1 receptor protein cannot compensate the suboptimal orientations of the rigid propellane and its N-benzyl moiety within the σ1 receptor-binding pocket, which explains the higher σ1 affinity of the unsubstituted azapropellane 9a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Torres-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry and Pharamcy, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (H.T.-G.); (D.S.)
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Department of Chemistry and Pharamcy, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharamcy, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (H.T.-G.); (D.S.)
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.P.); (E.L.)
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharamcy, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (H.T.-G.); (D.S.)
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-833-3311; Fax: +49-251-833-2144
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Agha H, McCurdy CR. In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:154-177. [PMID: 34046607 PMCID: PMC8127618 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptor system has been classified into two distinct subtypes, sigma 1 (σ1R) and sigma 2 (σ2R). Sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and different central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction, and pain. This makes them attractive targets for developing radioligands as tools to gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis. Over the years, several σ1R radioligands have been developed to image the changes in σ1R distribution and density providing insights into their role in disease development. Moreover, the involvement of both σ1Rs and σ2Rs with cancer make these ligands, especially those that are σ2R selective, great tools for imaging different types of tumors. This review will discuss the principles of molecular imaging using PET and SPECT, known σ1R radioligands and their applications for labelling σ1Rs under different disease conditions. Furthermore, this review will highlight σ1R radioligands that have demonstrated considerable potential as biomarkers, and an opportunity to fulfill the ultimate goal of better healthcare outcomes and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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10
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Kronenberg E, Weber F, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Synthesis and σ receptor affinity of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexanes] with an exocyclic amino moiety in the 3'-position. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:237-244. [PMID: 34046612 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main functions of σ 1 receptors include the modulation of release and reuptake of neurotransmitters, the regulation of ion channels and the influence on intracellular signaling through modulation of calcium levels. Due to these properties, σ 1 receptors are interesting drug targets for the treatment of various neurological disorders, pain and cancer. In order to modify the distance between the pharmacophoric elements (the benzene ring of 2-benzopyran and an amino moiety), a set of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,1'-cyclohexan]-3'-amines was synthesized. The key step of the synthesis was a Parham cyclization of 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethyl)benzene (6) with the mono ketal 7 of cyclohexane-1,3-dione, which led in a one-pot reaction to the spirocyclic framework 8. Reductive amination of ketone 9 stereoselectively provided secondary amines cis-4, which were methylated to afford tertiary amines cis-5. Whereas spirocyclic compounds cis-4a and cis-5a bearing a benzyl moiety at the exocyclic amino moiety showed rather low σ 1 affinity, the corresponding cyclohexylmethyl derivatives cis-4b and cis-5b exhibited low nanomolar σ 1 affinity. The secondary amine cis-4b displayed the highest σ 1 receptor affinity (K i = 5.4 nM) in this series. Methylation of the secondary amine cis-4b led to a slightly decreased σ 1 receptor affinity of cis-5b (K i = 15 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kronenberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Frauke Weber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 48 D-48149 Münster Germany +49 251 8332144 +49 251 8333311
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11
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Imaging sigma receptors in the brain: New opportunities for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic development. Neurosci Lett 2018; 691:3-10. [PMID: 30040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a chaperone protein located on the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, while the sigma-2 receptor (σ2) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident membrane protein. Recent evidence indicates that both of these receptors figure prominently in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus are targets for the development of novel, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Radioligand-based molecular imaging technique such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a powerful tool for the investigation of protein target expression and function in living subjects. In this review, we survey the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors and assess their potential for human imaging applications. The availability of PET imaging with σ1 or σ2 receptor-specific radioligands in humans will allow the investigation of these receptors in vivo and lead to further understanding of their respective roles in AD pathogenesis and progression. Moreover, PET imaging can be used in target occupancy studies to assess target engagement and correlate receptor occupancy and therapeutic response of σ1 receptor agonists and σ2 receptor antagonists currently in clinical trials. It is expected that neuroimaging of σ1 and σ2 receptors in the brain will shed new light on AD pathophysiology and may provide us with new biomarkers for diagnosis of AD and efficacy monitoring of emerging AD therapeutic strategies.
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Sun YT, Wang GF, Yang YQ, Jin F, Wang Y, Xie XY, Mach RH, Huang YS. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as sigma-2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kurciński M, Jarończyk M, Lipiński PFJ, Dobrowolski JC, Sadlej J. Structural Insights into σ₁ Receptor Interactions with Opioid Ligands by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2018; 23:E456. [PMID: 29463040 PMCID: PMC6017133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances over the past years in understanding the mechanisms of action and the role of the σ₁ receptor, several questions regarding this receptor remain unanswered. This receptor has been identified as a useful target for the treatment of a diverse range of diseases, from various central nervous system disorders to cancer. The recently solved issue of the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor has made elucidating the structure-activity relationship feasible. The interaction of seven representative opioid ligands with the crystal structure of the σ₁ receptor (PDB ID: 5HK1) was simulated for the first time using molecular dynamics (MD). Analysis of the MD trajectories has provided the receptor-ligand interaction fingerprints, combining information on the crucial receptor residues and frequency of the residue-ligand contacts. The contact frequencies and the contact maps suggest that for all studied ligands, the hydrophilic (hydrogen bonding) interactions with Glu172 are an important factor for the ligands' affinities toward the σ₁ receptor. However, the hydrophobic interactions with Tyr120, Val162, Leu105, and Ile124 also significantly contribute to the ligand-receptor interplay and, in particular, differentiate the action of the agonistic morphine from the antagonistic haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur Str.1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Cz Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sadlej
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Str., 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University,1/3 Wóycickiego Str.,01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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He Y, Xie F, Ye J, Deuther-Conrad W, Cui B, Wang L, Lu J, Steinbach J, Brust P, Huang Y, Lu J, Jia H. 1-(4-[ 18F]Fluorobenzyl)-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine: A Novel Suitable Radioligand with Low Lipophilicity for Imaging σ 1 Receptors in the Brain. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4161-4172. [PMID: 28409931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized novel piperazine compounds with low lipophilicity as σ1 receptor ligands. 1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine (10) possessed a low nanomolar σ1 receptor affinity and a high selectivity toward the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (>2000-fold), σ2 receptors (52-fold), and adenosine A2A, adrenergic α2, cannabinoid CB1, dopamine D1, D2L, γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA), NMDA, melatonin MT1, MT2, and serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. The corresponding radiotracer [18F]10 demonstrated high brain uptake and extremely high brain-to-blood ratios in biodistribution studies in mice. Pretreatment with the selective σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 significantly reduced the level of accumulation of the radiotracer in the brain. No radiometabolite of [18F]10 was observed to enter the brain. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed suitable kinetics and a high specific binding of [18F]10 to σ1 receptors in rat brain. Ex vivo autoradiography showed a reduced level of binding of [18F]10 in the cortex and hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP8) compared to that of the senescence-accelerated resistant (SAMR1) mice, indicating the potential dysfunction of σ1 receptors in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8048, United States
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
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15
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Wang L, Ye J, He Y, Deuther-Conrad W, Zhang J, Zhang X, Cui M, Steinbach J, Huang Y, Brust P, Jia H. 18F-Labeled indole-based analogs as highly selective radioligands for imaging sigma-2 receptors in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3792-3802. [PMID: 28549890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of indole-based σ2 receptor ligands containing 5,6-dimethoxyisoindoline or 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as pharmacophore. In vitro competition binding assays showed that all ten ligands possessed low nanomolar affinity (Ki=1.79-5.23nM) for σ2 receptors and high subtype selectivity (Ki (σ2)/Ki (σ1)=56-708). Moreover, they showed high selectivity for σ2 receptor over the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (>1000-fold). The corresponding radiotracers [18F]16 and [18F]21 were prepared by an efficient one-pot, two-step reaction sequence with a home-made automated synthesis module, with 10-15% radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity of >99%. Both radiotracers showed high brain uptake and σ2 receptor binding specificity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiajun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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16
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Dasargyri A, Kümin CD, Leroux JC. Targeting Nanocarriers with Anisamide: Fact or Artifact? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603451. [PMID: 27885719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating chemotherapeutics in nanoparticles can reduce the side effects of intravenous administration and improve their antitumor efficacy. Additionally, surface decoration of the nanocarriers with tumor-targeting ligands may enhance their specificity for cancer cells overexpressing the corresponding ligand-binding counterpart. The focus here is on anisamide, a low-molecular-weight benzamide derivative used as a tumor-directing moiety in functionalized nanosystems, based on its alleged interaction with Sigma receptors. The scintigraphic agents that initially inspired the use of anisamide for tumor targeting are described, and the published anisamide-tethered nanocarrier formulations are reviewed, together with a critical overview of the ligand's tumor-targeting properties. Moreover, anisamide's putative but dubious cellular target, the Sigma-1 receptor, is discussed with regard to its subcellular localization and implications in cancer. Data from in vivo studies reveal that the effect of anisamide on the antitumor efficacy of the decorated nanosystems varies considerably among the published reports. Together with the evidence questioning the interaction of anisamide with the Sigma receptors, the variability of anisamide's effect on the tumor deposition and the antitumor efficacy of the decorated drug carriers calls into question the extent of the ligand's tumor-targeting effect. Further research is necessary to elucidate the ligand's utility in tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Dasargyri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Carole D Kümin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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17
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Doxorubicin and resveratrol co-delivery nanoparticle to overcome doxorubicin resistance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35267. [PMID: 27731405 PMCID: PMC5059704 DOI: 10.1038/srep35267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the extensive application of doxorubicin (DOX), DOX resistance has become one of the main obstacles to the effective treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, DOX and resveratrol (RES) were co-encapsulated in a modified PLGA nanoparticle (NPS) to overcome the DOX resistance. CLSM results indicated that DOX and RES were simultaneously delivered into the nucleus of DOX-resistant human breast cancer cells by DOX/RES-loaded NPS. Consequently, DOX/RES-loaded NPS showed significant cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and MCF-7/ADR cells. Furthermore, DOX/RES-loaded NPS could overcome DOX resistance by inhibiting the expression of drug resistance-related protein such as P-gp, MRP-1 and BCRP, and induce apoptosis through down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and BCL-2. In tumor-bearing mice, DOX/RES-loaded NPS mainly delivered DOX and RES to tumor tissue. Compared with free DOX, DOX/RES-loaded NPS significantly inhibited the DOX-resistant tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice without causing significant systemic toxicity. In a word, DOX/RES-loaded NPS could overcome the DOX resistance and had the potential in the treatment of DOX-resistant breast cancer.
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19
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Rui M, Marra A, Pace V, Juza M, Rossi D, Collina S. Novel Enantiopure Sigma Receptor Modulators: Quick (Semi-)Preparative Chiral Resolution via HPLC and Absolute Configuration Assignment. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091210. [PMID: 27626396 PMCID: PMC6273946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel pan-sigma receptor (SR) modulators, potentially useful in cancer treatment, represents a new goal of our research. Here, we report on the preparation of novel chiral compounds characterized by a 3-C alkyl chain bridging an aromatic portion to a 4-benzyl-piperidine moiety. All of the studied compounds have been prepared both in racemic and enantiomerically-pure form, with the final aim to address the role of chirality in the SR interaction. To isolate and characterize enantiomeric compounds, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures were set up. A systematic analytical screening, involving several combinations of chiral stationary and mobile phases, allowed us to optimize the analytical resolution and to set up the (semi-)preparative chromatographic conditions. Applying the optimized procedure, the enantiomeric resolution of the studied compounds was successfully achieved, obtaining all of the compounds with an enantiomeric excess higher than 95%. Lastly, the absolute configuration has been empirically assigned to enantiopure compounds, combining the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) technique to the elution order study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rui
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Annamaria Marra
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Markus Juza
- Corden Pharma Switzerland LLC, Eichenweg 1, Liestal 4410, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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20
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Misra SK, Moitra P, Kondaiah P, Bhattacharya S. Co-liposomes having anisamide tagged lipid and cholesteryl tryptophan trigger enhanced gene transfection in sigma receptor positive cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Dasargyri A, Hervella P, Christiansen A, Proulx ST, Detmar M, Leroux JC. Findings questioning the involvement of Sigma-1 receptor in the uptake of anisamide-decorated particles. J Control Release 2016; 224:229-238. [PMID: 26774218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anisamide is a small benzamide previously suggested as a tumor-targeting ligand for nanocarriers and it has been shown to enhance tumor uptake in vitro as well as in vivo when grafted on the nanoparticle surface. Anisamide has been hypothesized to interact with the Sigma-1 receptor, based on the binding of larger benzamides, which contain anisamide in their structure, to this receptor. However, the interaction between anisamide and Sigma-1 receptor has never been thoroughly studied. We developed fluorescent PEGylated particles decorated with anisamide, which were preferentially taken up in vitro by melanoma cells compared to macrophages. The anisamide-decorated particles were used to study their interaction with the Sigma-1 receptor. The absence of competition of Sigma-1 receptor ligands for the particle uptake was a first indication that the receptor might not be involved in the uptake process. In addition, the extent of particle uptake did not correlate with the levels of cellular expression of Sigma-1 receptor in the cell models tested. Immunostaining of the receptor on melanoma cells revealed intracellular localization, indirectly excluding the possibility of anisamide binding to the receptor when grafted on the particles. All these data question the previously suggested Sigma-1 receptor-mediated uptake of the anisamide-decorated particles, a finding which may have an impact on the use of anisamide as a targeting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Dasargyri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Hervella
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ailsa Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
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22
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Li D, Chen Y, Wang X, Deuther-Conrad W, Chen X, Jia B, Dong C, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu B, Jia H. 99mTc-Cyclopentadienyl Tricarbonyl Chelate-Labeled Compounds as Selective Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands for Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2016; 59:934-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research/Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical
and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chengyan Dong
- Interdisciplinary
Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research/Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Institute
of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research/Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boli Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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23
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Dual subcellular compartment delivery of doxorubicin to overcome drug resistant and enhance antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16125. [PMID: 26530454 PMCID: PMC4632084 DOI: 10.1038/srep16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome drug resistant and enhance antitumor activity of DOX, a new pH-sensitive micelle (DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA) was prepared to simultaneously deliver DOX to nucleus and mitochondria. Drug released from DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA showed a pH-dependent manner. DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA induced the depolarization of mitochondria and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and A549 cells, which resulted in the high cytotoxicity of DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA against MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and A549 cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed that DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA simultaneously delivered DQA-DOX and DOX to the mitochondria and nucleus of tumor cell. After DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA was injected to the tumor-bearing nude mice by the tail vein, DOX was mainly found in tumor tissue. But DOX was widely distributed in the whole body after the administration of free DOX. Compared with free DOX, the same dose of DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA significantly inhibited the growth of DOX-resistant tumor in tumor-bearing mice without obvious systemic toxicity. Therefore, dual subcellular compartment delivery of DOX greatly enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX on DOX-resistant tumor. DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA has the potential in target therapy for DOX-resistant tumor.
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24
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van Waarde A, Rybczynska AA, Ramakrishnan NK, Ishiwata K, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO. Potential applications for sigma receptor ligands in cancer diagnosis and therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1848:2703-14. [PMID: 25173780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sigma receptors (sigma-1 and sigma-2) represent two independent classes of proteins. Their endogenous ligands may include the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and sphingolipid-derived amines which interact with sigma-1 receptors, besides steroid hormones (e.g., progesterone) which bind to both sigma receptor subpopulations. The sigma-1 receptor is a ligand-regulated molecular chaperone with various ion channels and G-protein-coupled membrane receptors as clients. The sigma-2 receptor was identified as the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1). Although sigma receptors are over-expressed in tumors and up-regulated in rapidly dividing normal tissue, their ligands induce significant cell death only in tumor tissue. Sigma ligands may therefore be used to selectively eradicate tumors. Multiple mechanisms appear to underlie cell killing after administration of sigma ligands, and the signaling pathways are dependent both on the type of ligand and the type of tumor cell. Recent evidence suggests that the sigma-2 receptor is a potential tumor and serum biomarker for human lung cancer and an important target for inhibiting tumor invasion and cancer progression. Current radiochemical efforts are focused on the development of subtype-selective radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Right now, the mostpromising tracers are [18F]fluspidine and [18F]FTC-146 for sigma-1 receptors and [11C]RHM-1 and [18F]ISO-1 for the sigma-2 subtype. Nanoparticles coupled to sigma ligands have shown considerable potential for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs in animal models of cancer, but clinical studies exploring this strategy in cancer patients have not yet been reported. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna A Rybczynska
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Research Team for Neuroimaging, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Ghent, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Xie F, Bergmann R, Kniess T, Deuther-Conrad W, Mamat C, Neuber C, Liu B, Steinbach J, Brust P, Pietzsch J, Jia H. (18)F-Labeled 1,4-Dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane Derivative: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a σ1 Receptor Radioligand with Low Lipophilicity as Potent Tumor Imaging Agent. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5395-407. [PMID: 26090686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the syntheses and evaluation of series of novel piperidine compounds with low lipophilicity as σ1 receptor ligands. 8-(4-(2-Fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane (5a) possessed high affinity (K(i) = 5.4 ± 0.4 nM) for σ1 receptors and selectivity for σ2 receptors (30-fold) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (1404-fold). [(18)F]5a was prepared using a one-pot, two-step labeling procedure in an automated synthesis module, with a radiochemical purity of >95%, and a specific activity of 25-45 GBq/μmol. Cellular association, biodistribution, and autoradiography with blocking experiments indicated specific binding of [(18)F]5a to σ1 receptors in vitro and in vivo. Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using mouse tumor xenograft models demonstrated a high accumulation in human carcinoma and melanoma. Treatment with haloperidol significantly reduced the accumulation of the radiotracer in tumors. These findings suggest that radiotracer with suitable lipophilicity and appropriate affinity for σ1 receptors could be used for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.,‡Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.,§Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Boli Liu
- ‡Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.,§Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- †Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.,§Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hongmei Jia
- ‡Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Abate C, Niso M, Infantino V, Menga A, Berardi F. Elements in support of the ‘non-identity’ of the PGRMC1 protein with the σ2 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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Wu ZW, Song SY, Li L, Lu HL, Lieberman B, Huang YS, Mach RH. Synthesis and evaluation of tetrahydroindazole derivatives as sigma-2 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fytas C, Zoidis G, Tsotinis A, Fytas G, Khan MA, Akhtar S, Rahman KM, Thurston DE. Novel 1-(2-aryl-2-adamantyl)piperazine derivatives with antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:281-90. [PMID: 25703296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-(2-aryl-2-adamantyl)piperazine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antitumor properties against HeLa cervical carcinoma, MDA MB 231 breast cancer, MIA PaCa2 pancreatic cancer, and NCI H1975 non-small cell lung cancer. The parent piperazine 6 was found to exhibit a reasonable activity toward the HeLa and MDA MB 231 tumor cell lines (IC50= 9.2 and 8.4 μΜ, respectively). Concurrent benzene ring C4-fluorination and piperidine acetylation of the piperazino NH of compound 6 resulted in the most active compound 13 of the series in both of the above cell lines (IC50=8.4 and 6.8 μΜ, respectively). Noticeably, compounds 6 and 13 exhibited a significantly low cytotoxicity level over the normal human cells HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) and NHDF (Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Fytas
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Tsotinis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - George Fytas
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Mohsin A Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Samar Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Khondaker M Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - David E Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
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Xu R, Lord SA, Peterson RM, Fergason-Cantrell EA, Lever JR, Lever SZ. Ether modifications to 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503): effects on binding affinity and selectivity for sigma receptors and monoamine transporters. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:222-30. [PMID: 25468036 PMCID: PMC4274187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel ether analogs of the sigma (σ) receptor ligand 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503) have been prepared. In one series, the alkyl portion of the 4-methoxy group was replaced with allyl, propyl, bromoethyl, benzyl, phenethyl, and phenylpropyl moieties. In the second series, the 3,4-dimethoxy was replaced with cyclic methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy groups. These ligands, along with 4-O-des-methyl SA4503, were evaluated for σ1 and σ2 receptor affinity, and compared to SA4503 and several known ether analogs. SA4503 and a subset of ether analogs were also evaluated for dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) affinity. The highest σ1 receptor affinities, Ki values of 1.75-4.63 nM, were observed for 4-O-des-methyl SA4503, SA4503 and the methylenedioxy analog. As steric bulk increased, σ1 receptor affinity decreased, but only to a point. Allyl, propyl and bromoethyl substitutions gave σ1 receptor Ki values in the 20-30 nM range, while bulkier analogs having phenylalkyl, and Z- and E-iodoallyl, ether substitutions showed higher σ1 affinities, with Ki values in the 13-21 nM range. Most ligands studied exhibited comparable σ1 and σ2 affinities, resulting in little to no subtype selectivity. SA4503, the fluoroethyl analog and the methylenedioxy congener showed modest six- to fourteen-fold selectivity for σ1 sites. DAT and SERT interactions proved much more sensitive than σ receptor interactions to these structural modifications. For example, the benzyl congener (σ1Ki=20.8 nM; σ2Ki=16.4 nM) showed over 100-fold higher DAT affinity (Ki=121 nM) and 6-fold higher SERT affinity (Ki=128nM) than the parent SA4503 (DAT Ki=12650 nM; SERT Ki=760 nM). Thus, ether modifications to the SA4503 scaffold can provide polyfunctional ligands having a broader spectrum of possible pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sarah A Lord
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ryan M Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of MU Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Schininà B, Martorana A, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Niso M, Perrone MG, De Guidi G, Catalfo A, Rappazzo G, Zuccarello E, Prezzavento O, Amata E, Rescifina A, Marrazzo A. 4-Nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatives as potential fluorescent sigma receptor probes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorescent derivatives forσreceptors were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schininà
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Andrea Martorana
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Niso
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | | | - Guido De Guidi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Alfio Catalfo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Giancarlo Rappazzo
- Department of Biological
- Geological and Environmental Sciences – Division of Animal Biology
- University of Catania
- 95124 Catania
- Italy
| | - Elisa Zuccarello
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
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Chen YY, Wang X, Zhang JM, Deuther-Conrad W, Zhang XJ, Huang Y, Li Y, Ye JJ, Cui MC, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu BL, Jia HM. Synthesis and evaluation of a 18F-labeled spirocyclic piperidine derivative as promising σ1 receptor imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5270-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Development of (18)F-labeled radiotracers for neuroreceptor imaging with positron emission tomography. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:777-811. [PMID: 25172118 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically-engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.
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Wang X, Li D, Deuther-Conrad W, Lu J, Xie Y, Jia B, Cui M, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu B, Jia H. Novel cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl (99m)tc complexes containing 1-piperonylpiperazine moiety: potential imaging probes for sigma-1 receptors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7113-25. [PMID: 25073047 DOI: 10.1021/jm5009488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of novel cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl (99m)Tc complexes as potent σ1 receptor radioligands. Rhenium compounds 3-(4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylcarbonylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl rhenium (10a) and 4-(4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)butylcarbonylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl rhenium (10b) possessed high in vitro affinity for σ1 receptors and moderate to high selectivity for σ2 receptors and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated high initial brain uptake for corresponding (99m)Tc derivatives [(99m)Tc]23 and [(99m)Tc]24 of 2.94 and 2.13% injected dose (ID)/g, respectively, at 2 min postinjection. Pretreatment of haloperidol significantly reduced the radiotracer accumulation of [(99m)Tc]23 or [(99m)Tc]24 in the brain. Studies of the cellular uptake of [(99m)Tc]23 in C6 and DU145 tumor cells demonstrated a reduction of accumulation by incubation with haloperidol, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503), or 1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG). Furthermore, blocking studies in C6 glioma-bearing mice confirmed the specific binding of [(99m)Tc]23 to σ1 receptors in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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Marqués-Gallego P, de Kroon AIPM. Ligation strategies for targeting liposomal nanocarriers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:129458. [PMID: 25126543 PMCID: PMC4122157 DOI: 10.1155/2014/129458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been exploited for pharmaceutical purposes, including diagnostic imaging and drug and gene delivery. The versatility of liposomes as drug carriers has been demonstrated by a variety of clinically approved formulations. Since liposomes were first reported, research of liposomal formulations has progressed to produce improved delivery systems. One example of this progress is stealth liposomes, so called because they are equipped with a PEGylated coating of the liposome bilayer, leading to prolonged blood circulation and improved biodistribution of the liposomal carrier. A growing research area focuses on the preparation of liposomes with the ability of targeting specific tissues. Several strategies to prepare liposomes with active targeting ligands have been developed over the last decades. Herein, several strategies for the functionalization of liposomes are concisely summarized, with emphasis on recently developed technologies for the covalent conjugation of targeting ligands to liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, H.R. Kruyt Building, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton I. P. M. de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, H.R. Kruyt Building, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Korpis K, Weber F, Brune S, Wünsch B, Bednarski PJ. Involvement of apoptosis and autophagy in the death of RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells by two enantiomeric sigma receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:221-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bangaru ML, Weihrauch D, Tang QB, Zoga V, Hogan Q, Wu HE. Sigma-1 receptor expression in sensory neurons and the effect of painful peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2013; 9:47. [PMID: 24015960 PMCID: PMC3847629 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, is widely distributed and regulates numerous intracellular processes in neurons. Nerve injury alters the structure and function of axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, contributing to the development of pain. The σ1R is enriched in the spinal cord and modulates pain after peripheral nerve injury. However, σ1R expression in the DRG has not been studied. We therefore characterized σ1R expression in DRGs at baseline and following spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats. RESULTS Immunohistochemical (IHC) studies in DRG sections show σ1R in both neuronal somata and satellite glial cells. The punctate distribution of σ1R in the neuronal cytoplasm suggests expression in the endoplasmic reticulum. When classified by neuronal size, large neurons (>1300 μm) showed higher levels of σ1R staining than other groups (700-1300 μm, <700 μm). Comparing σ1R expression in neuronal groups characterized by expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), isolectin-B4 (IB4) and neurofilament-200 (NF-200), we found σ1R expression in all three neuronal subpopulations, with highest levels of σ1R expression in the NF-200 group. After SNL, lysates from L5 DRGs that contains axotomized neurons showed decreased σ1R protein but unaffected transcript level, compared with Control DRGs. IHC images also showed decreased σ1R protein expression, in SNL L5 DRGs, and to a lesser extent in the neighboring SNL L4 DRGs. Neurons labeled by CGRP and NF-200 showed decreased σ1R expression in L5 and, to a lesser extent, L4 DRGs. In IB4-labeled neurons, σ1R expression decreased only in axotomized L5 DRGs. Satellite cells also showed decreased σ1R expression in L5 DRGs after SNL. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that σ1R is present in both sensory neurons and satellite cells in rat DRGs. Expression of σ1R is down-regulated in axotomized neurons as well as in their accompanying satellite glial cells, while neighboring uninjured neurons show a lesser down-regulation. Therefore, elevated σ1R expression in neuropathic pain is not an explanation for pain relief after σ1R blockade. This implies that increased levels of endogenous σ1R agonists may play a role, and diminished neuroprotection from loss of glial σ1R may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi L Bangaru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Qing-Bo Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vasiliki Zoga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Quinn Hogan
- Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hsiang-en Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Huang YS, Lu HL, Zhang LJ, Wu Z. Sigma-2 receptor ligands and their perspectives in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:532-66. [PMID: 23922215 DOI: 10.1002/med.21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma-2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma-2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma-2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma-2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma-2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma-2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma-2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Mach RH, Zeng C, Hawkins WG. The σ2 receptor: a novel protein for the imaging and treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7137-60. [PMID: 23734634 DOI: 10.1021/jm301545c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The σ2 receptor is an important target for the development of molecular probes in oncology because of its 10-fold higher density in proliferating tumor cells compared with that in quiescent tumor cells and because of the observation that σ2 receptor agonists are able to kill tumor cells via apoptotic and nonapoptotic mechanisms. Although recent evidence indicates that the σ2 receptor binding site is localized within the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), most information regarding this protein has been obtained using either radiolabeled or fluorescent receptor-based probes and from biochemical analysis of the effect of σ2 selective ligands on cells grown in culture. This article reviews the development of σ2 receptor ligands and presents an overview of how they have been used in vitro and in vivo to increase our understanding of the role of the σ2 receptor in cancer and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and ‡Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Rodriguez BL, Blando JM, Lansakara-P DSP, Kiguchi Y, DiGiovanni J, Cui Z. Antitumor activity of tumor-targeted RNA replicase-based plasmid that expresses interleukin-2 in a murine melanoma model. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2404-15. [PMID: 23641783 DOI: 10.1021/mp400033m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has multiple antitumor mechanisms that may be used to control tumor growth. Previously we have shown that treatment of solid tumors with a plasmid that encodes Sindbis viral RNA replicase complex, pSIN-β, significantly inhibited the growth of tumors in mice. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of further improving the antitumor activity of the pSIN-β plasmid by incorporating interleukin-2 (IL2) gene into the plasmid. The resultant pSIN-IL2 plasmid was delivered to mouse melanoma cells that overexpress the sigma receptor. Here we report that the pSIN-IL2 plasmid was more effective at controlling the growth of B16 melanoma in mice when complexed with sigma receptor-targeted liposomes than with the untargeted liposomes. Importantly, the pSIN-IL2 plasmid was more effective than pSIN-β plasmid at controlling the growth of B16 melanoma in mice, and B16 tumor-bearing mice that were treated with pSIN-IL2 had an elevated number of activated CD4(+), CD8(+), and natural killer cells, as compared to those treated with pSIN-β. The RNA replicase-based, IL2-expressing plasmid may have applications in melanoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leticia Rodriguez
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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41
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Li Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Deuther-Conrad W, Xie F, Zhang X, Liu J, Qiao J, Cui M, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu B, Jia H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 18F-Labeled Spirocyclic Piperidine Derivatives as σ1 Receptor Ligands for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3478-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research
Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig,
Germany
| | - Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research
Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig,
Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research
Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig,
Germany
| | - Boli Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory
of Radiopharmaceuticals
(Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s
Republic of China
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42
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Intelligent design of multifunctional lipid-coated nanoparticle platforms for cancer therapy. Ther Deliv 2013; 3:1429-45. [PMID: 23323560 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly evolving and dramatically changing the paradigms of drug delivery. The small sizes, unique chemical properties, large surface areas, structural diversity and multifunctionality of nanoparticles prove to be greatly advantageous for combating notoriously therapeutically evasive diseases such as cancer. Multifunctional nanoparticles have been designed to enhance tumor uptake through either passive or active targeting, while also avoiding reticuloendothelial system uptake through the incorporation of PEG onto the surface. First-generation nanoparticle systems, such as liposomes, are good carriers for drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics, although they have some limitations. These lipid bilayers are now being utilized as excellent carriers for drug-loaded, solid core particles such as iron oxide, mesoporus silica and calcium phosphate. In this article, their design, as well as their multifunctional role in cancer therapy are discussed.
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Iñiguez MA, Punzón C, Nieto R, Burgueño J, Vela JM, Fresno M. Inhibitory effects of sigma-2 receptor agonists on T lymphocyte activation. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:23. [PMID: 23494519 PMCID: PMC3595506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptor ligands are essentially known for their effects on the nervous system although recent studies have shown their potential effects modulating some other pathophysiological processes as cell proliferation, cancer, and the immune response. Here, we have analyzed the actions of σ-1 and σ-2 receptors ligands on T cell activation. Our results show that treatment of Jurkat T cells with σ-2 agonists decreased the induction of the expression of Interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by activated T cells in a dose-dependent manner. These effects take place at the transcriptional level since σ-2 agonists BD-737 and CB-184 diminished the activity of the promoters of those genes. Those immunosuppressive effects could be attributable to interference with transcription factor activation. Induced transcription mediated by Nuclear factor (NF)-κB or Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) was inhibited by σ-2 agonists. These effects seem to be specific for σ-2 agonists as no significant effects on T cell activation by σ-1 ligands PRE-084 and BD-1063 were found. Our results provide new insights into the immunomodulatory actions of σ ligands and describe a new property of σ-2 agonists, through inhibition of activation of transcription factors as NFAT by which these compounds are regulating gene expression. This may have important consequences on the possible therapeutic use of those compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Iñiguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Li Y, Deuther-Conrad W, Xie F, Chen X, Cui MC, Zhang XJ, Zhang JM, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu BL, Jia HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ¹⁸F labeled fluoro-oligo-ethoxylated 4-benzylpiperazine derivatives for sigma-1 receptor imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:215-22. [PMID: 23199475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of fluoro-oligo-ethoxylated 4-benzylpiperazine derivatives as potential σ(1) receptor ligands. In vitro competition binding assays showed that 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)piperazine (6) exhibits low nanomolar affinity for σ(1) receptors (K(i)=1.85 ± 1.59 nM) and high subtype selectivity (σ(2) receptor: K(i)=291 ± 111 nM; K(i)σ(2)/K(i)σ(1)=157). [(18)F]6 was prepared in 30-50% isolated radiochemical yield, with radiochemical purity of >99% by HPLC analysis after purification, via nucleophilic (18)F(-) substitution of the corresponding tosylate precursor. The logD(pH 7.4) value of [(18)F]6 was found to be 2.57 ± 0.10, which is within the range expected to give high brain uptake. Biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated relatively high concentration of radiotracers in organs known to contain σ(1) receptors, including the brain, lungs, kidneys, heart, and spleen. Administration of haloperidol 5 min prior to injection of [(18)F]6 significantly reduced the concentration of radiotracers in the above-mentioned organs. The accumulation of radiotracers in the bone was quite low suggesting that [(18)F]6 is relatively stable to in vivo defluorination. The ex vivo autoradiography in rat brain showed high accumulation of radiotracers in the brain areas known to possess high expression of σ(1) receptors. These findings suggest that [(18)F]6 is a suitable radiotracer for imaging σ(1) receptors with PET in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Riganas S, Papanastasiou I, Foscolos GB, Tsotinis A, Serin G, Mirjolet JF, Dimas K, Kourafalos VN, Eleutheriades A, Moutsos VI, Khan H, Georgakopoulou S, Zaniou A, Prassa M, Theodoropoulou M, Mantelas A, Pondiki S, Vamvakides A. New Adamantane Phenylalkylamines with σ-Receptor Binding Affinity and Anticancer Activity, Associated with Putative Antagonism of Neuropathic Pain. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10241-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Riganas
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771
Athens, Greece
- Anavex Life Sciences, 27 Marathonos Avenue,
15351 Pallini, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papanastasiou
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771
Athens, Greece
| | - George B. Foscolos
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771
Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Tsotinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771
Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Kostas Dimas
- Division of Pharmacology, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens (FBRAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Humaira Khan
- Anavex Life Sciences, 27 Marathonos Avenue,
15351 Pallini, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angeliki Zaniou
- Anavex Life Sciences, 27 Marathonos Avenue,
15351 Pallini, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Prassa
- Anavex Life Sciences, 27 Marathonos Avenue,
15351 Pallini, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Stavroula Pondiki
- Anavex Life Sciences, 27 Marathonos Avenue,
15351 Pallini, Athens, Greece
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Chen X, Cui MC, Deuther-Conrad W, Tu YF, Ma T, Xie Y, Jia B, Li Y, Xie F, Wang X, Steinbach J, Brust P, Liu BL, Jia HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel 99mTc cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl complex ([(Cp-R)99mTc(CO)3]) for sigma-2 receptor tumor imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6352-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The sigma-2 receptor has been identified as a biomarker of proliferating cells in solid tumours. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms of sigma-2 ligand-induced cell death in the mouse breast cancer cell line EMT-6 and the human melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435. METHODS EMT-6 and MDA-MB-435 cells were treated with sigma-2 ligands. The modulation of multiple signaling pathways of cell death was evaluated. RESULTS Three sigma-2 ligands (WC-26, SV119 and RHM-138) induced DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation and PARP-1 cleavage. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK partially blocked DNA fragmentation and cytotoxicity caused by these compounds. These data suggest that sigma-2 ligand-induced apoptosis and caspase activation are partially responsible for the cell death. WC-26 and siramesine induced formation of vacuoles in the cells. WC-26, SV119, RHM-138 and siramesine increased the synthesis and processing of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, an autophagosome marker, and decreased the expression levels of the downstream effectors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70S6K and 4EBP1, suggesting that sigma-2 ligands induce autophagy, probably by inhibition of the mTOR pathway. All four sigma-2 ligands decreased the expression of cyclin D1 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, WC-26 and SV119 mainly decreased cyclin B1, E2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb); RHM-138 mainly decreased cyclin E2; and 10 μM siramesine mainly decreased cyclin B1 and pRb. These data suggest that sigma-2 ligands also impair cell-cycle progression in multiple phases of the cell cycle. CONCLUSION Sigma-2 ligands induce cell death by multiple signalling pathways.
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Chu UB, Hajipour AR, Ramachandran S, Ruoho AE. Characterization of interactions of 4-nitrophenylpropyl-N-alkylamine with ς receptors. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7568-78. [PMID: 21790129 PMCID: PMC3234165 DOI: 10.1021/bi2004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors are small membrane proteins implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including drug addiction, psychosis, and cancer; thus, small molecule inhibitors of sigma receptors have been proposed as potential pharmacotherapeutics for these diseases. We previously discovered that endogenous monochain N-alkyl sphingolipids, including d-erythro-sphingosine, sphinganine, and N,N-dimethylsphingosine, bind to the sigma-1 receptor at physiologically relevant concentrations [Ramachandran, S., et al. (2009) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 609, 19-26]. Here, we investigated several N-alkylamines of varying chain lengths as sigma receptor ligands. Although the K(I) values for N-alkylamines were found to be in the micromolar range, when N-3-phenylpropyl and N-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl derivatives of butylamine (1a and 1b, respectively), heptylamine (2a and 2b, respectively), dodecylamine (3a and 3b, respectively), and octadecylamine (4a and 4b, respectively) were evaluated as sigma receptor ligands, we found that these compounds exhibited nanomolar affinities with both sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. A screen of high-affinity ligands 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b against a variety of other receptors and/or transporters confirmed these four compounds to be highly selective mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 ligands. Additionally, in HEK-293 cells reconstituted with K(v)1.4 potassium channel and the sigma-1 receptor, these derivatives were able to inhibit the outward current from the channel, consistent with sigma receptor modulation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b were highly potent against a number of cancer cell lines, demonstrating their potential utility as mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen B. Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Abdol R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
| | - Subramaniam Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Abate C, Hornick JR, Spitzer D, Hawkins WG, Niso M, Perrone R, Berardi F. Fluorescent derivatives of σ receptor ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine (PB28) as a tool for uptake and cellular localization studies in pancreatic tumor cells. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5858-67. [PMID: 21744858 DOI: 10.1021/jm200591t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of σ(2) high affinity ligand 1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperazine 1 (PB28) were synthesized. NBD or dansyl fluorescent tags were connected through a 5- or 6-atom linker in two diverse positions of 1 structure. Good σ(2) affinities were obtained when the fluorescent tag was linked to 5-methoxytetralin nucleus replacing the methyl function. NBD-bearing compound 16 displayed high σ(2) affinity (K(i) = 10.8 nM) and optimal fluorescent properties. Its uptake in pancreatic tumor cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, showing that it partially occurs through endocytosis. In proliferating cells, the uptake was higher supporting that σ(2) receptors are markers of cell proliferation and that the higher the proliferation is, the stronger the antiproliferative effect of σ(2) agonists is. Colocalization of 16 with subcellular organelles was studied by confocal microscopy: the greatest was in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Fluorescent σ(2) ligands show their potential in clarifying the mechanisms of action of σ(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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Current molecular imaging positron emitting radiotracers in oncology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 45:1-14. [PMID: 24899972 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is one of the fastest growing areas of medical imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used in the clinical management of patients with cancer. Nuclear imaging provides biological information at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular level in living subjects with non-invasive procedures. In particular, PET imaging takes advantage of traditional diagnostic imaging techniques and introduces positron-emitting probes to determine the expression of indicative molecular targets at different stages of cancer. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), the only FDA approved oncological PET tracer, has been widely utilized in cancer diagnosis, staging, restaging, and even monitoring response to therapy; however, (18)F-FDG is not a tumor-specific PET tracer. Over the last decade, many promising tumor-specific PET tracers have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of the current non-(18)F-FDG PET tracers in oncology that have been developed based on tumor characteristics such as increased metabolism, hyperproliferation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, apoptosis, and tumor-specific antigens and surface receptors.
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