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Nunes PM, Jarak I, Heerschap A, Jones JG. Resolving futile glucose cycling and glycogenolytic contributions to plasma glucose levels following a glucose load. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1368-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. Nunes
- Department of Radiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Intermediary Metabolism Group, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - John G. Jones
- Intermediary Metabolism Group, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Portuguese Diabetes Association; Lisbon Portugal
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Barosa C, Jones JG, Rizza R, Basu A, Basu R. Acetaminophen glucuronide and plasma glucose report identical estimates of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis for healthy and prediabetic subjects using the deuterated water method. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:315-9. [PMID: 23023691 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasma glucose (2) H-enrichment in positions 5 ((2) H5) and 2 ((2) H2) from deuterated water ((2) H2 O) provides a measure of the gluconeogenic contribution to endogenous glucose production. Urinary glucuronide analysis can circumvent blood sampling but it is not known if glucuronide and glucose enrichments are equal. Thirteen subjects with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance and 11 subjects with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance ingested (2) H2 O to ∼0.5% body water and acetaminophen. Glucose and glucuronide (2) H5 and (2) H2 were measured by (2) H NMR spectroscopy of monoacetone glucose. For normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance, (2) H5 was 0.23 ± 0.02% and 0.25 ± 0.02% for glucose and glucuronide, respectively, whereas (2) H2 was 0.47 ± 0.01% and 0.49 ± 0.02%, respectively. For impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, (2) H5 was 0.22 ± 0.01% and 0.26 ± 0.02% for glucose and glucuronide, respectively, whereas (2) H2 was 0.46 ± 0.01% and 0.49 ± 0.02%, respectively. The gluconeogenic contribution to endogenous glucose production measured from glucose and glucuronide were identical for both normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (48 ± 4 vs. 51 ± 3%) and impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (48 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barosa
- Intermediary Metabolism Group, Biophysics and Biomedical NMR, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Delgado TC, Barosa C, Nunes PM, Scott DK, O'Doherty RM, Cerdán S, Geraldes CFGC, Jones JG. Effect of cyclosporine A on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and hepatic gene expression in rat. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1223-30. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.709500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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O'Sullivan A, Balducci D, Paradisi F, Cashman KD, Gibney MJ, Brennan L. Effect of supplementation with vitamin D₃ on glucose production pathways in human subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1018-25. [PMID: 21520491 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Research reports suggest that vitamin D affects glucose and insulin metabolism; however, the exact mechanisms are unclear. ²H NMR analysis of monoacetone glucose (MAG) after tracer administration provides a non-invasive method of profiling hepatic glucose metabolism. This study examined the effects of supplementation with vitamin D₃ on contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production. METHODS AND RESULTS Tracer administration and biofluid collections were performed with eight healthy females before and following a 4-wk vitamin D₃ administration period. Following an overnight fast subjects ingested deuterated water and acetaminophen. Full void urine samples were collected after 4 h. ²H NMR spectra of urinary monoacetone glucose were acquired to determine the contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production. The mean contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production was 60±13%. Supplementation with vitamin D₃ had no effect on hepatic glucose production. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and the contribution of glycogenolysis (β=0.914, p=0.004). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we saw no changes in the percentage contribution of glycogenolysis following supplementation with vitamin D₃. The reproducibility of our results and the non-invasive nature of the method highlight the potential for this method in assessing mechanistic modes of action in future nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifric O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Rubio-Aliaga I, Roos BD, Sailer M, McLoughlin GA, Boekschoten MV, van Erk M, Bachmair EM, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J, Coort SL, Evelo C, Gibney MJ, Daniel H, Muller M, Kleemann R, Brennan L. Alterations in hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways following a high-fat dietary intervention. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:408-16. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00179.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity frequently leads to insulin resistance and the development of hepatic steatosis. To characterize the molecular changes that promote hepatic steatosis, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technologies were applied to liver samples from C57BL/6J mice obtained from two independent intervention trials. After 12 wk of high-fat feeding the animals became obese, hyperglycemic, and insulin resistant, had elevated levels of blood cholesterol and VLDL, and developed hepatic steatosis. Nutrigenomic analysis revealed alterations of key metabolites and enzyme transcript levels of hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways. The hepatic oxidative capacity and the lipid milieu were significantly altered, which may play a key role in the development of insulin resistance. Additionally, high choline levels were observed after the high-fat diet. Previous studies have linked choline levels with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in conjunction with changes of certain metabolites and enzyme levels of one-carbon metabolism. The present results suggest that the coupling of high levels of choline and low levels of methionine plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and liver steatosis. In conclusion, the complexities of the alterations induced by high-fat feeding are multifactorial, indicating that the interplay between several metabolic pathways is responsible for the pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Manuela Sailer
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Gerard A. McLoughlin
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition and
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen
| | - Marjan van Erk
- Physiological Genomics team, BU Biosciences, TNO-Quality of Life, Zeist
| | - Eva-Maria Bachmair
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen
| | - Susan L. Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht; and
| | - Chris Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht; and
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Muller
- Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition and
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, TNO-Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
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