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Gibney MJ. Ultra-processed foods in public health nutrition: the unanswered questions. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1380-1383. [PMID: 36514812 PMCID: PMC10346070 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the study of the degree of food processing and both health and nutritional outcomes. To that end, several definitions of the degree of processing have been proposed. However, when each of these is used on a common database of nutritional, clinical and anthropometric variables, the observed effect of high intakes of highly processed food, varies considerably.. Moreover, assigning a given food by nutritional experts, to its appropriate level of processing, has been shown to be variable. Thus, the subjective definitions of the degree of food processing and the coding of foods according to these classifications is prone to error is prone to error. Another issue that need resolution is the relative importance of the degree of food processing and the formulation of a processed food. Although correlational studies linking processed food and obesity abound, there is a need for more investigative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, DublinD04 V1W8, Ireland
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Gibney MJ. Ultra-processed foods in public health nutrition: the unanswered questions. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-4. [PMID: 36514809 PMCID: PMC10197074 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the study of the degree of food processing and both health and nutritional outcomes. To that end, several definitions of the degree of processing have been proposed. However, when each of these is used on a common database of nutritional, clinical and anthropometric variables, the observed effect of high intakes of highly processed food, varies considerably.. Moreover, assigning a given food by nutritional experts, to its appropriate level of processing, has been shown to be variable. Thus, the subjective definitions of the degree of food processing and the coding of foods according to these classifications is prone to error is prone to error. Another issue that need resolution is the relative importance of the degree of food processing and the formulation of a processed food. Although correlational studies linking processed food and obesity abound, there is a need for more investigative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, DublinD04 V1W8, Ireland
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Gibney MJ. From populations to molecules: a life in food and health. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1633-1635. [PMID: 34675404 PMCID: PMC9708545 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Jarrett H, McNulty H, Hughes CF, Pentieva K, Strain JJ, McCann A, McAnena L, Cunningham C, Molloy AM, Flynn A, Hopkins SM, Horigan G, O'Connor C, Walton J, McNulty BA, Gibney MJ, Lamers Y, Ward M. Vitamin B-6 and riboflavin, their metabolic interaction, and relationship with MTHFR genotype in adults aged 18-102 years. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1767-1778. [PMID: 36264281 PMCID: PMC9761749 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of the active form of vitamin B-6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), in tissues is dependent upon riboflavin as flavin mononucleotide, but whether this interaction is important for maintaining vitamin B-6 status is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate vitamin B-6 and riboflavin status, their metabolic interaction, and relationship with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype in adulthood. METHODS Data from 5612 adults aged 18-102 y were drawn from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS; population-based sample) and the Trinity-Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA) and Genovit cohorts (volunteer samples). Plasma PLP and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac), as a functional indicator of riboflavin, were determined. RESULTS Older (≥65 y) compared with younger (<65 y) adults had significantly lower PLP concentrations (P < 0.001). A stepwise decrease in plasma PLP was observed across riboflavin categories, from optimal (EGRac ≤1.26), to suboptimal (EGRac: 1.27-1.39), to deficient (EGRac ≥1.40) status, an effect most pronounced in older adults (mean ± SEM: 76.4 ± 0.9 vs 65.0 ± 1.1 vs 55.4 ± 1.2 nmol/L; P < 0.001). In individuals with the variant MTHFR 677TT genotype combined with riboflavin deficiency, compared with non-TT (CC/CT) genotype participants with sufficient riboflavin, we observed PLP concentrations of 52.1 ± 2.9 compared with 76.8 ±0.7 nmol/L (P < 0.001). In participants with available dietary data (i.e., NANS cohort, n = 936), PLP was associated with vitamin B-6 intake (nonstandardized regression coefficient β: 2.49; 95% CI 1.75, 3.24; P < 0.001), supplement use (β: 81.72; 95% CI: 66.01, 97.43; P < 0.001), fortified food (β: 12.49; 95% CI: 2.08, 22.91; P = 0.019), and EGRac (β: -65.81; 95% CI: -99.08, -32.54; P < 0.001), along with BMI (β: -1.81; 95% CI: -3.31, -0.30; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the known metabolic dependency of PLP on flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and suggest that riboflavin may be the limiting nutrient for maintaining vitamin B-6 status, particularly in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. Randomized trials are necessary to investigate the PLP response to riboflavin intervention within the dietary range. The TUDA study and the NANS are registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02664584 (27 January 2016) and NCT03374748 (15 December 2017), respectively.Clinical Trial Registry details: Trinity-Ulster-Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study, ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02664584 (January 27th 2016); National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS), ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT03374748 (December 15th 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Jarrett
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine F Hughes
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian McCann
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Liadhan McAnena
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Hopkins
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Horigan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara O'Connor
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Gibney MJ. Food texture trumps food processing in the regulation of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:9-10. [PMID: 35585666 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Existing highly processed food (HPF) classification systems show large differences in the impact of these foods on biochemical risk factors for disease. If public health nutrition is to consider the degree of food processing as an important element of the link between food and health, certain gaps in research must be acknowledged. Quantifying the food additive exposure derived from HPFs is a task made challenging by the lack of data available on the occurrence and concentration of additives in food and the degree to which the natural occurrence of additives in unprocessed foods confounds exposure estimates. The proposed role of HPFs in health outcomes could also be associated with altered nutrient profiles. Differences exist within and between HPF classification systems in this regard and there are conflicting data on the impact of controlling for nutrient intake. Furthermore, research is needed on how the sensory aspects of HPFs contribute to energy intake. Current data suggest that high energy intake rate may be the mechanism linking HPFs and increased energy intake. A high priority now is to clarify the basis of definitions used to categorize foods as highly processed and, in a constructive sense, to distinguish between the contributions of nutrients, additives and sensory properties to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Gray IJ, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Newman JW, O'Sullivan DAM. Genetic and environmental influences on serum oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 173:102338. [PMID: 34500309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bioactivity is a result of direct action and the action of lipid mediators including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids. Understanding the factors contributing to biological variation in lipid mediators may inform future approaches to understand and treat complex metabolic diseases. This research aims to determine the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on lipid mediators involved in the regulation of inflammation and energy metabolism. This study recruited 138 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 18-65 years and measured serum oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids using liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). In this classic twin design, the similarities and differences between MZ and DZ twins are modelled to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variation in lipid mediators. Heritable lipid mediators included the 12-lipoxygenase products 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [0.70 (95% CI: 0.12,0.82)], 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [0.73 (95% CI: 0.30,0.83)] and 14‑hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid [0.51 (95% CI: 0.07,0.71)], along with the endocannabinoid docosahexaenoy-lethanolamide [0.52 (95% CI: 0.15,0.72)]. For others such as 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid and lithocholic acid the contribution of environment to variation was stronger. With increased understanding of lipid mediator functions in health, it is important to understand the factors contributing to their variance. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of lipid mediators and extends pre-existing knowledge of the genetic and environmental influences on the human lipidome.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/blood
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Bile Acids and Salts/blood
- Bile Acids and Salts/genetics
- Dehydroepiandrosterone/blood
- Dehydroepiandrosterone/genetics
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/genetics
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/blood
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/genetics
- Endocannabinoids/blood
- Endocannabinoids/genetics
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/genetics
- Female
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oxylipins/blood
- Steroids/blood
- Twins, Dizygotic/genetics
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Segurado
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - I J Gray
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Dept of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dr A M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan AM. Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Stable Urinary NMR Metabolome over Time: A Classic Twin Study. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3992-4000. [PMID: 34304563 PMCID: PMC8397426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Genes, sex, age,
diet, lifestyle, gut microbiome, and multiple
other factors affect human metabolomic profiles. Understanding metabolomic
variation is critical in human nutrition research as metabolites that
are sensitive to change versus those that are more stable might be
more informative for a particular study design. This study aims to
identify stable metabolomic regions and determine the genetic and
environmental contributions to stability. Using a classic twin design, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) urinary metabolomic profiles
were measured in 128 twins at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. Multivariate
mixed models identified stable urinary metabolites with intraclass
correlation coefficients ≥0.51. Longitudinal twin modeling
measured the contribution of genetic and environmental influences
to variation in the stable urinary NMR metabolome, comprising stable
metabolites. The conservation of an individual’s stable urinary
NMR metabolome over time was assessed by calculating conservation
indices. In this study, 20% of the urinary NMR metabolome is stable
over 2 months (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.51–0.65). Common
genetic and shared environmental factors contributed to variance in
the stable urinary NMR metabolome over time. Using the stable metabolome,
91% of individuals had good metabolomic conservation indices ≥0.70.
To conclude, this research identifies 20% of the urinary NMR metabolome
as stable, improves our knowledge of the sources of metabolomic variation
over time, and demonstrates the conservation of an individual’s
urinary NMR metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan AM. Genetic and environmental influences on covariation in reproducible diet-metabolite associations. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1232-1240. [PMID: 33826700 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early applications of metabolomics in nutrition and health research identified associations between dietary patterns and metabolomic profiles. Twin studies show that diet-related phenotypes and diet-associated metabolites are influenced by genes. However, studies have not examined whether diet-metabolite associations are explained by genetic or environmental factors and whether these associations are reproducible over multiple time points. OBJECTIVE This research aims to examine the genetic and environmental factors influencing covariation in diet-metabolite associations that are reproducible over time in healthy twins. METHODS The UCD Twin Study is a semi-longitudinal classic twin study that collected repeated dietary, anthropometric, and urinary data over 2 months. Correlation analysis identified associations between diet quality measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and urinary metabolomic profiles at 3 time points. Diet-associated metabolites were examined using linear regression to identify those significantly influenced by familial factors between twins and those significantly influenced by unique factors. Cholesky decomposition modeling quantified the genetic and environmental path coefficients through associated dietary components onto the metabolites. RESULTS The HEI was associated with 14 urinary metabolites across 3 metabolomic profiles (r: ±0.15-0.49). For 8 diet-metabolite associations, genetic or shared environmental factors influencing HEI component scores significantly influenced variation in metabolites (β: 0.40-0.52). A significant relation was observed between dietary intakes of whole grain and acetoacetate (β: -0.50, P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β: -0.46, P < 0.001), as well as intakes of saturated fat and acetoacetate (β: 0.47, P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β: 0.52, P < 0.001). For these diet-metabolite associations a common shared environmental factor explained 66-69% of variance in the metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that diet-metabolite associations are reproducible in 3 urinary metabolomic profiles. Components of the HEI covary with metabolites, and covariation is largely due to the shared environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Ward M, Hughes CF, Strain JJ, Reilly R, Cunningham C, Molloy AM, Horigan G, Casey M, McCarroll K, O'Kane M, Gibney MJ, Flynn A, Walton J, McNulty BA, McCann A, Kirwan L, Scott JM, McNulty H. Impact of the common MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism on blood pressure in adulthood and role of riboflavin in modifying the genetic risk of hypertension: evidence from the JINGO project. BMC Med 2020; 18:318. [PMID: 33172445 PMCID: PMC7656675 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide and clinical studies have linked the 677C→T polymorphism in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with hypertension, whilst limited evidence shows that intervention with riboflavin (i.e. the MTHFR co-factor) can lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with the variant MTHFR 677TT genotype. We investigated the impact of this common polymorphism on BP throughout adulthood and hypothesised that riboflavin status would modulate the genetic risk of hypertension. METHODS Observational data on 6076 adults of 18-102 years were drawn from the Joint Irish Nutrigenomics Organisation project, comprising the Trinity-Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA; volunteer sample) and the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS; population-based sample) cohorts. Participants were recruited from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (UK) in 2008-2012 using standardised methods. RESULTS The variant MTHFR 677TT genotype was identified in 12% of adults. From 18 to 70 years, this genotype was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (i.e. systolic BP ≥ 140 and/or a diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg): odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.90; P = 0.016, after adjustment for antihypertensive drug use and other significant factors, namely, age, male sex, BMI, alcohol and total cholesterol. Low or deficient biomarker status of riboflavin (observed in 30.2% and 30.0% of participants, respectively) exacerbated the genetic risk of hypertension, with a 3-fold increased risk for the TT genotype in combination with deficient riboflavin status (OR 3.00, 95% CI, 1.34-6.68; P = 0.007) relative to the CC genotype combined with normal riboflavin status. Up to 65 years, we observed poorer BP control rates on antihypertensive treatment in participants with the TT genotype (30%) compared to those without this variant, CT (37%) and CC (45%) genotypes (P < 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The MTHFR 677TT genotype is associated with higher BP independently of homocysteine and predisposes adults to an increased risk of hypertension and poorer BP control with antihypertensive treatment, whilst better riboflavin status is associated with a reduced genetic risk. Riboflavin intervention may thus offer a personalised approach to prevent the onset of hypertension in adults with the TT genotype; however, this requires confirmation in a randomised trial in non-hypertensive adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ward
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catherine F Hughes
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J J Strain
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rosie Reilly
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Conal Cunningham
- The Department of Gerontology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Horigan
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Miriam Casey
- The Department of Gerontology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin McCarroll
- The Department of Gerontology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maurice O'Kane
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael J Gibney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian McCann
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laura Kirwan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M Scott
- School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helene McNulty
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O’Sullivan AM. Exploring Covariation between Traditional Markers of Metabolic Health and the Plasma Metabolomic Profile: A Classic Twin Design. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2613-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E. Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M. O’Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Abstract
Whilst there is extensive literature on the health benefits of a regular breakfast, there are few guidelines to help policy makers to issue specific targets on optimal nutrient intake at breakfast or the selection of foods to attain these targets. The food and nutritional advice on breakfast offered by most governments is confined to simple advice on food servings. The USA and Mexico typify the few countries that have attempted to issue specific nutrient targets for breakfast. However, these simply reflect general nutrient guidelines for adults, adjusted to suit lower energy needs of toddlers and school children. Little guidance is issued on micronutrient intake, and the advice on food choice does not appear to be linked to patterns of nutrient intake. The application of cluster and principal component analysis, which is used to determine the patterns of daily or breakfast food consumption and also link them to nutrient intake, greatly improved our understanding of optimal breakfast choices. Using 6 national nutrition surveys (Canada, Denmark, France, Spain, the UK, and the USA), the International Breakfast Research Initiative has opted to score each individual with a measure of overall daily nutritional quality (based on the nutrient-rich food index). It is hoped that options for the derivation in breakfast nutrient targets and associated food-based guidelines will arise from an analysis of tertiles of this score. Ultimately, meal-based advice will become the basic building block for digitally based personalized dietary analysis and guidelines.
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14
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Abstract
Four categories of foods are proposed in the NOVA food classification, which seeks to relate food processing as the primary driver of diet quality. Of these, the category "ultra-processed foods" has been widely studied in relation both to diet quality and to risk factors for noncommunicable disease. The present paper explores the definition of ultra-processed foods since its inception and clearly shows that the definition of such foods has varied considerably. Because of the difficulty of interpretation of the primary definition, the NOVA group and others have set out lists of examples of foods that fall under the category of ultra-processed foods. The present manuscript demonstrates that since the inception of the NOVA classification of foods, these examples of foods to which this category applies have varied considerably. Thus, there is little consistency either in the definition of ultra-processed foods or in examples of foods within this category. The public health nutrition advice of NOVA is that ultra-processed foods should be avoided to achieve improvements in nutrient intakes with an emphasis on fat, sugar, and salt. The present manuscript demonstrates that the published data for the United States, United Kingdom, France, Brazil, and Canada all show that across quintiles of intake of ultra-processed foods, nutritionally meaningful changes are seen for sugars and fiber but not for total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Moreover, 2 national surveys in the United Kingdom and France fail to show any link between body mass index and consumption of ultra-processed foods. The paper concludes that constructive scholarly debate needs to be facilitated on many issues that would be affected by a policy to avoid ultra-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Eldridge AL, Piernas C, Illner AK, Gibney MJ, Gurinović MA, de Vries JHM, Cade JE. Evaluation of New Technology-Based Tools for Dietary Intake Assessment-An ILSI Europe Dietary Intake and Exposure Task Force Evaluation. Nutrients 2018; 11:E55. [PMID: 30597864 PMCID: PMC6356426 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New technology-based dietary assessment tools, including Web-based programs, mobile applications, and wearable devices, may improve accuracy and reduce costs of dietary data collection and processing. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Dietary Intake and Exposure Task Force launched this project to evaluate new tools in order to recommend general quality standards for future applications. METHODS A comprehensive literature search identified technology-based dietary assessment tools, including those published in English from 01/2011 to 09/2017, and providing details on tool features, functions and uses. Each of the 43 tools identified (33 for research and 10 designed for consumer use) was rated on 25 attributes. RESULTS Most of the tools identified (79%) relied on self-reported dietary intakes. Most (91%) used text entry and 33% used digital images to help identify foods. Only 65% had integrated databases for estimating energy or nutrients. Fewer than 50% contained any features of customization and about half generated automatic reports. Most tools reported on usability or reported validity compared with another assessment method (77%). A set of Best Practice Guidelines was developed for reporting dietary assessment tools using new technology. CONCLUSIONS Dietary assessment methods that utilize technology offer many advantages for research and are often preferable to consumers over more traditional methods. In order to meet general quality standards, new technology tools require detailed publications describing tool development, food identification and quantification, customization, outputs, food composition tables used, and usability/validity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Eldridge
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Illner
- College of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute UniLaSalle Beauvais, 60026 Beauvais, France.
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Mirjana A Gurinović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janet E Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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16
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Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan A, Flynn A, Walton J, Daniel H, Manios Y, Martinez A, Saris WHM, Gibney ER, Uzhova I. Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labelling Portion Sizes for the European Union. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010006. [PMID: 30577456 PMCID: PMC6356260 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary versus food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) versus a seven-country survey based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options versus solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days versus recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; p < 0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; p < 0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12Y337 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12Y337 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Irina Uzhova
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, F92YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
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17
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Gibney MJ, Barr SI, Bellisle F, Drewnowski A, Fagt S, Hopkins S, Livingstone B, Varela-Moreiras G, Moreno L, Smith J, Vieux F, Thielecke F, Masset G. Towards an Evidence-Based Recommendation for a Balanced Breakfast-A Proposal from the International Breakfast Research Initiative. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101540. [PMID: 30340378 PMCID: PMC6213610 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI) set out to derive nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast using a standardized analysis of national nutrition surveys from Canada, Denmark, France, Spain, UK and the US. In all countries, the frequency of breakfast consumption by age was high and U-shaped with children and older adults having a higher frequency of breakfast consumption. Breakfast contributed 16% to 21% of daily energy intake. In all countries, breakfast was a carbohydrate- and nutrient-rich meal, providing more carbohydrates (including sugars), thiamin, riboflavin, folate, calcium, potassium, and magnesium, and less vitamin A, fats and sodium relative to its contribution to daily energy intakes. Breakfast consumers were stratified by tertiles of the Nutrient Rich Foods (NRF) index, used as a measure of diet quality. Breakfast intakes associated with the top tertile of NRF, along with the Codex Alimentarius international food standards and World Health Organization (WHO) diet guidelines, were used to derive the proposed nutrient recommendations. The goal was to preserve the nutrient density of existing breakfasts, while addressing concerns regarding added sugars, saturated fats, dietary fiber, and vitamin D. This initiative is unique in seeking to derive nutrient recommendations for a specific meal using the observed nutritional profile of such meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Susan I Barr
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | | | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3410, USA.
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Barbara Livingstone
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jessica Smith
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN 55427-3870, USA.
| | | | - Frank Thielecke
- Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences, Althardstrasse 60, Regendorf-Zürich CH-8105, Switzerland.
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18
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Curran AM, Scott-Boyer MP, Kaput J, Ryan MF, Drummond E, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Brennan L. A proteomic signature that reflects pancreatic beta-cell function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202727. [PMID: 30161145 PMCID: PMC6117012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Proteomics has the potential to enhance early identification of beta-cell dysfunction, in conjunction with monitoring the various stages of type 2 diabetes onset. The most routine method of assessing pancreatic beta-cell function is an oral glucose tolerance test, however this method is time consuming and carries a participant burden. The objectives of this research were to identify protein signatures and pathways related to pancreatic beta-cell function in fasting blood samples. METHODS Beta-cell function measures were calculated for MECHE study participants who completed an oral glucose tolerance test and had proteomic data (n = 100). Information on 1,129 protein levels was obtained using the SOMAscan assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess discriminatory ability of proteins of interest. Subsequent in vitro experiments were performed using the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta-cell line. Replication of findings were achieved in a second human cohort where possible. RESULTS Twenty-two proteins measured by aptamer technology were significantly associated with beta-cell function/HOMA-IR while 17 proteins were significantly associated with the disposition index (p ≤ 0.01). Receiver operator characteristic curves determined the protein panels to have excellent discrimination between low and high beta-cell function. Linear regression analysis determined that beta-endorphin and IL-17F have strong associations with beta-cell function/HOMA-IR, β = 0.039 (p = 0.005) and β = -0.027 (p = 0.013) respectively. Calcineurin and CRTAM were strongly associated with the disposition index (β = 0.005 and β = 0.005 respectively, p = 0.012). In vitro experiments confirmed that IL-17F modulated insulin secretion in the BRIN-BD11 cell line, with the lower concentration of 10 ng/mL significantly increasing glucose stimulated insulin secretion (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Early detection of compromised beta-cell function could allow for implementation of nutritional and lifestyle interventions before progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marie Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Elaine Drummond
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Gibney MJ. A Life in Food: A Grain of Salt and Some Humble Pie. Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:1-16. [PMID: 29579406 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
From my senior school days, I had wanted to pursue a career in food. In quite what capacity I was not too sure. So my starting points were within the fields of animal nutrition before moving for the major part of my career to medical schools to study human nutrition and health. My career scientific achievements lie within the Kuhnian spectrum of normal science, but within that normality, I was always one to challenge conventional wisdom. An academic career is about more than just research. It is about teaching and not just the minutiae of nutrition, but about life and living, about challenges and failures. Reflecting on the experience of that career, my advice to early stage researchers is this: Be patient, determined, and resilient in the very early stages. Hold no fear of change and be courageous in challenging conventional wisdom. Always favor openness and collaboration and always seek to help others. Citation indices are important to your career, but these other avenues that I advise you to follow are what you will eventually be most proud of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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20
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Li K, Brennan L, Bloomfield JF, Duff DJ, McNulty BA, Flynn A, Walton J, Gibney MJ, Nugent AP. Adiposity Associated Plasma Linoleic Acid is Related to Demographic, Metabolic Health and Haplotypes of FADS1/2 Genes in Irish Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700785. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Li
- Institute of Food and Health; School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health; School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Dan J. Duff
- Chemical Analysis Laboratories; Sandycove Republic of Ireland
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health; School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Republic of Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences; Cork Institute of Technology; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Republic of Ireland
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- Institute of Food and Health; School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Republic of Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences; Institute for Global Food Security; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
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21
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O'Donovan CB, Devlin NF, Buffini M, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Nugent AP, McNulty BA. Whole grain intakes in Irish adults: findings from the National Adults Nutrition Survey (NANS). Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:541-550. [PMID: 29353315 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies link high whole grain intakes to reduced risk of many chronic diseases. This study quantified whole grain intakes in the Irish adult population and examined the major contributing sources. It also investigated potential dietary strategies to improve whole grain intakes. METHODS Whole grain intakes were calculated in a nationally representative sample of 1500 Irish adults using data from the most recent national food survey, the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). Food consumption was assessed, at brand level where possible, using a 4-day semi-weighed food diary with whole grain content estimated from labels on a dry matter basis. RESULTS Mean daily whole grain intakes were 27.8 ± 29.4 g/day, with only 19% of the population meeting the quantity-specific recommendation of 48 g per day. Wheat was the highest contributor to whole grain intake at 66%, followed by oats at 26%. High whole grain intakes were associated with higher dietary intakes of fibre, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and a higher alternative Mediterranean Diet Score. Whole grain foods were most frequently eaten at breakfast time. Regression analysis revealed that consumption of an additional 10 g of whole grain containing 'ready-to-eat breakfast cereals', 'rice or pastas', or 'breads' each day would increase intake of whole grains by an extra 5, 3.5, and 2.7 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals low intakes of whole grains in Irish adults. Recommending cereals, breads, and grains with higher whole grain content as part of public health campaigns could improve whole grain intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare B O'Donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niamh F Devlin
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maria Buffini
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland.
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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22
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Fallaize R, Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, Macready AL, San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Marsaux CFM, O'Donovan CB, Kolossa S, Moschonis G, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Manios Y, Jarosz M, Martinez JA, Daniel H, Saris WHM, Gundersen TE, Drevon CA, Gibney MJ, Mathers JC, Lovegrove JA. Association between Diet-Quality Scores, Adiposity, Total Cholesterol and Markers of Nutritional Status in European Adults: Findings from the Food4Me Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010049. [PMID: 29316612 PMCID: PMC5793277 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-quality scores (DQS), which are developed across the globe, are used to define adherence to specific eating patterns and have been associated with risk of coronary heart disease and type-II diabetes. We explored the association between five diet-quality scores (Healthy Eating Index, HEI; Alternate Healthy Eating Index, AHEI; MedDietScore, MDS; PREDIMED Mediterranean Diet Score, P-MDS; Dutch Healthy Diet-Index, DHDI) and markers of metabolic health (anthropometry, objective physical activity levels (PAL), and dried blood spot total cholesterol (TC), total carotenoids, and omega-3 index) in the Food4Me cohort, using regression analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants (n = 1480) were adults recruited from seven European Union (EU) countries. Overall, women had higher HEI and AHEI than men (p < 0.05), and scores varied significantly between countries. For all DQS, higher scores were associated with lower body mass index, lower waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference, and higher total carotenoids and omega-3-index (p trends < 0.05). Higher HEI, AHEI, DHDI, and P-MDS scores were associated with increased daily PAL, moderate and vigorous activity, and reduced sedentary behaviour (p trend < 0.05). We observed no association between DQS and TC. To conclude, higher DQS, which reflect better dietary patterns, were associated with markers of better nutritional status and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERObn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28023 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Clare B O'Donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, 85354 Munich, Germany.
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, 3704HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Miroslaw Jarosz
- National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), 02-903 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERObn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28023 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Alimentacion, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, 85354 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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23
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Buffini M, Goscinny S, Van Loco J, Nugent AP, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, McNulty BA. Dietary intakes of six intense sweeteners by Irish adults. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:425-438. [PMID: 29210609 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the intakes of six intense sweeteners: acesulfame-K (E950), aspartame (E951), cyclamate (E952), saccharin (E954), sucralose (E955), and steviol glycosides (E960) in the diets of Irish adults, using data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey. A food label survey that included products currently available on the Irish market supplemented the analysis. Sweetener intakes were investigated using three different exposure scenarios; beginning with a crude assessment which assumed that all foods permitted to contain the additives of interest always did contain them, and at their maximum permitted level (Tier 1). Refined assessments estimated intakes of the six sweeteners using food consumption data up to brand level with additive occurrence data from a survey of products currently available on the Irish market (Tier 2) and sweetener concentration data (Tier 3). Results of all exposure assessment scenarios demonstrate that intakes of each of the sweeteners of interest by the total population were below the relevant ADI level (mg kg-1 bodyweight-1), even by high consumers (P99). The three sweeteners consumed in highest amounts were acesulfame-k, aspartame, and sucralose. The main sources of these sweeteners in the diet were 'cider and perry', 'energy reduced and no added sugar (ER and NAS) carbonated flavoured drinks', 'table-top sweeteners', 'dairy products', 'solid food supplements', and 'sauces'. Intakes of the six intense sweeteners are currently not a concern among Irish adults. However, exposure to these chemicals should be monitored on a regular basis due to evolving market and consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buffini
- a School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin, UCD Institute of Food and Health , Belfield , Ireland
| | - Séverine Goscinny
- b Belgian Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food , Medicines and Consumer Safety, Service of Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- b Belgian Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Food , Medicines and Consumer Safety, Service of Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Anne P Nugent
- a School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin, UCD Institute of Food and Health , Belfield , Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- c School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- c School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- a School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin, UCD Institute of Food and Health , Belfield , Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- a School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin, UCD Institute of Food and Health , Belfield , Ireland
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24
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O'Sullivan AJ, Pigat S, O'Mahony C, Gibney MJ, McKevitt AI. Predictive modelling of the exposure to steviol glycosides in Irish patients aged 1-3 years with phenylketonuria and cow's milk protein allergy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:40-48. [PMID: 29111886 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1401737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Children with Phenylketonuria (PKU) and severe cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) consume prescribed, specially formulated, foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs) as well as restricted amounts of normal foods. These patients are exposed to artificial sweeteners from the consumption of a combination of free and prescribed foods. Young patients with PKU and CMPA have a higher risk of exceeding acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for additives than age-matched healthy children. A predictive modelling approach has been adapted successfully to assess the additive exposure of young patients with PKU and CMPA to artificial sweeteners. Steviol glycosides (E960) are at various stages of regulatory approval for the various food categories in the EU but are not as yet permitted for use in products intended for young children. The aim of this study was to predict potential steviol glycoside exposure in young children with PKU and CMPA considering the potential for future provisions for the use of this sweetener. The recent introduction of steviol glycosides means that no exposure data are available for children with CMPA and PKU. Food consumption data were derived from the food consumption survey data of healthy young children in Ireland from the National Preschool and Nutrition Survey (NPNS, 2010-11). Specially formulated amino acid-based FSMPs are used to replace whole or milk protein foods and were included in the exposure model to replace restricted foods. The recommendations to ensure adequate protein intake in these patients were used to determine FSMP intake. Exposure assessment results indicated that the maximum permitted level (MPL) for FSMPs would warrant careful consideration to avoid exposures above the ADI. These data can be used to inform recommendations for the medical nutrition industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J O'Sullivan
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael J Gibney
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
| | - Aideen I McKevitt
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
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25
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Curran AM, Fogarty Draper C, Scott-Boyer MP, Valsesia A, Roche HM, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Kutmon M, Evelo CT, Coort SL, Astrup A, Saris WH, Brennan L, Kaput J. Sexual Dimorphism, Age, and Fat Mass Are Key Phenotypic Drivers of Proteomic Signatures. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4122-4133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Colleen Fogarty Draper
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research, Analytical BioSciences, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research − University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health,
Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T. Evelo
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Coort
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department
of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim H. Saris
- Department
of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in
Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Yin X, Gibbons H, Rundle M, Frost G, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Brennan L. Estimation of Chicken Intake by Adults Using Metabolomics-Derived Markers. J Nutr 2017; 147:1850-1857. [PMID: 28794208 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.252197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved assessment of meat intake with the use of metabolomics-derived markers can provide objective data and could be helpful in clarifying proposed associations between meat intake and health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify novel markers of chicken intake using a metabolomics approach and use markers to determine intake in an independent cohort. METHODS Ten participants [age: 62 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.25] in the NutriTech food intake study consumed increasing amounts of chicken, from 88 to 290 g/d, in a 3-wk span. Urine and blood samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, respectively. A multivariate data analysis was performed to identify markers associated with chicken intake. A calibration curve was built based on dose-response association using NutriTech data. A Bland-Altman analysis evaluated the agreement between reported and calculated chicken intake in a National Adult Nutrition Survey cohort. RESULTS Multivariate data analysis of postprandial and fasting urine samples collected in participants in the NutriTech study revealed good discrimination between high (290 g/d) and low (88 g/d) chicken intakes. Urinary metabolite profiles showed differences in metabolite levels between low and high chicken intakes. Examining metabolite profiles revealed that guanidoacetate increased from 1.47 to 3.66 mmol/L following increasing chicken intakes from 88 to 290 g/d (P < 0.01). Using a calibration curve developed from the NutriTech study, chicken intake was calculated through the use of data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey, in which consumers of chicken had a higher guanidoacetate excretion (0.70 mmol/L) than did nonconsumers (0.47 mmol/L; P < 0.01). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between reported and calculated intakes, with a bias of -30.2 g/d. Plasma metabolite analysis demonstrated that 3-methylhistidine was a more suitable indicator of chicken intake than 1-methylhistidine. CONCLUSIONS Guanidoacetate was successfully identified and confirmed as a marker of chicken intake, and its measurement in fasting urine samples could be used to determine chicken intake in a free-living population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01684917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yin
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Milena Rundle
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Breige A McNulty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Gibney MJ, Forde CG, Mullally D, Gibney ER. Ultra-processed foods in human health: a critical appraisal. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:717-724. [PMID: 28793996 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOVA classification of foods proposes 4 categories: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPFDs). It is argued that the latter relies heavily on modifications to foods, resulting in enhanced amounts of salt, added sugar, and fat as well as the use of additives in an attempt to make this food category highly palatable. It further argues that controlling food processing, rather than examining nutrients, should be foremost in shaping nutrition policy. This commentary challenges many of the basic arguments of using the NOVA food classification system to examine the link between food and health. We believe that there is no evidence to uphold the view that UPFDs give rise to hyperpalatable foods associated with a quasi-addictive effect and that the prevailing European Union and US data fail to uphold the assertion that UPFDs, which dominate energy intake, give rise to dietary patterns that are low in micronutrients. With regard to the use of the NOVA food classification in the development of food-based dietary guidelines, we show that the very broad definition of UPFDs makes this impossible. Finally, the available evidence does not support the view that the globalization of food is the driver of increased intakes of UPFDs in low- to middle-income countries but rather that this is driven by small indigenous companies. On balance, therefore, there seems to be little advantage from the use of the NOVA classification compared with the current epidemiologic approach, which relies on the linkage of nutrient intakes to chronic disease with subsequent identification of foods that merit consideration in public health nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, A*STAR Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, and.,National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deirdre Mullally
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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28
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O'Sullivan AJ, Pigat S, O'Mahony C, Gibney MJ, McKevitt AI. Longitudinal modelling of the exposure of young UK patients with PKU to acesulfame K and sucralose. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1863-1874. [PMID: 28782989 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1363417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are used in protein substitutes intended for the dietary management of inborn errors of metabolism (phenylketonuria, PKU) to improve the variety of medical foods available to patients and ensure dietary adherence to the prescribed course of dietary management. These patients can be exposed to artificial sweeteners from the combination of free and prescribed foods. Young children have a higher risk of exceeding acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for additives than adults, due to higher food intakes per kg body weight. Young patients with PKU aged 1-3 years can be exposed to higher levels of artificial sweeteners from these dual sources than normal healthy children and are at a higher risk of exceeding the ADI. Standard intake assessment methods are not adequate to assess the additive exposure of young patients with PKU. The aim of this study was to estimate the combination effect on the intake of artificial sweeteners and the impact of the introduction of new provisions for an artificial sweetener (sucralose, E955) on exposure of PKU patients using a validated probabilistic model. Food consumption data were derived from the food consumption survey data of healthy young children in the United Kingdom from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS, 1992-2012). Specially formulated protein substitutes as foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs) were included in the exposure model to replace restricted foods. Inclusion of these protein substitutes is based on recommendations to ensure adequate protein intake in these patients. Exposure assessment results indicated the availability of sucralose for use in FSMPs for PKU leads to changes in intakes in young patients. These data further support the viability of probabilistic modelling as a means to estimate food additive exposure in patients consuming medical nutrition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J O'Sullivan
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael J Gibney
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
| | - Aideen I McKevitt
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Republic of Ireland
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29
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Albani V, Celis-Morales C, O'Donovan CB, Walsh MC, Woolhead C, Forster H, Fallaize R, Macready AL, Marsaux CFM, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Mavrogianni C, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwillo A, Traczyk I, Gundersen TE, Drevon CA, Daniel H, Manios Y, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Lovegrove JA, Gibney MJ, Gibney ER, Mathers JC, Adamson AJ, Brennan L. Within-person reproducibility and sensitivity to dietary change of C15:0 and C17:0 levels in dried blood spots: Data from the European Food4Me Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Albani
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre; Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Clare B. O'Donovan
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Marianne C. Walsh
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Hannah Forster
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Anna L. Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Cyril F. M. Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | | | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition; Faculty of Health Science; Medical University of Warsaw; Poland
| | | | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- IMDEA Alimentación; Madrid Spain
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre; Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Ashley J. Adamson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- UCD School of Agriculture and FoodScience; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin (UCD); Belfield Dublin Ireland
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30
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Gibbons H, Carr E, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Brennan L. Metabolomic-based identification of clusters that reflect dietary patterns. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gibbons
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
| | - Eibhlin Carr
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Republic of Ireland
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31
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Gibbons H, Michielsen CJR, Rundle M, Frost G, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Brennan L. Demonstration of the utility of biomarkers for dietary intake assessment; proline betaine as an example. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gibbons
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Charlotte J. R. Michielsen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Milena Rundle
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Imperial College London; London U.K
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Imperial College London; London U.K
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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32
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San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Guruceaga E, Celis-Morales C, Livingstone KM, Brennan L, Lovegrove JA, Daniel H, Saris WH, Traczyk I, Manios Y, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Mathers JC, Martinez JA. Gene methylation parallelisms between peripheral blood cells and oral mucosa samples in relation to overweight. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:465-474. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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O’Gorman A, Gibbons H, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Frost GS, Roche HM, Brennan L. Exploring the Links between Diet and Health in an Irish Cohort: A Lipidomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife O’Gorman
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gary S. Frost
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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O'Donovan CB, Walsh MC, Forster H, Woolhead C, Celis-Morales C, Fallaize R, Macready AL, Marsaux CFM, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Mavrogianni C, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwillo A, Bouwman J, Grimaldi K, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Daniel H, Manios Y, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Lovegrove JA, Mathers JC, Gibney MJ, Brennan L, Gibney ER. The impact of MTHFR 677C → T risk knowledge on changes in folate intake: findings from the Food4Me study. Genes Nutr 2016; 11:25. [PMID: 27708721 PMCID: PMC5043523 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesised that individuals with knowledge of their genetic risk are more likely to make health-promoting dietary and lifestyle changes. The present study aims to test this hypothesis using data from the Food4Me study. This was a 6-month Internet-based randomised controlled trial conducted across seven centres in Europe where individuals received either general healthy eating advice or varying levels of personalised nutrition advice. Participants who received genotype-based personalised advice were informed whether they had the risk (CT/TT) (n = 178) or non-risk (CC) (n = 141) alleles of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in relation to cardiovascular health and the importance of a sufficient intake of folate. General linear model analysis was used to assess changes in folate intake between the MTHFR risk, MTHFR non-risk and control groups from baseline to month 6 of the intervention. RESULTS There were no differences between the groups for age, gender or BMI. However, there was a significant difference in country distribution between the groups (p = 0.010). Baseline folate intakes were 412 ± 172, 391 ± 190 and 410 ± 186 μg per 10 MJ for the risk, non-risk and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the three groups in terms of changes in folate intakes from baseline to month 6. Similarly, there were no changes in reported intake of food groups high in folate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that knowledge of MTHFR 677C → T genotype did not improve folate intake in participants with the risk variant compared with those with the non-risk variant. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare B O'Donovan
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hannah Forster
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE4 5PL UK
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR UK
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR UK
| | - Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, INstituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Jildau Bouwman
- TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Keith Grimaldi
- Eurogenetica Ltd, Salisbury Road, Burnham-on-Sea, TA8 1HX UK
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ; CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, INstituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE4 5PL UK
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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O'Sullivan AJ, Pigat S, O'Mahony C, Gibney MJ, McKevitt AI. Probabilistic modelling to assess exposure to three artificial sweeteners of young Irish patients aged 1-3 years with PKU and CMPA. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1660-1671. [PMID: 27612000 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1227479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice of suitable normal foods is limited for individuals with particular medical conditions, e.g., inborn errors of metabolism (phenylketonuria - PKU) or severe cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Patients may have dietary restrictions and exclusive or partial replacement of specific food groups with specially formulated products to meet particular nutrition requirements. Artificial sweeteners are used to improve the appearance and palatability of such food products to avoid food refusal and ensure dietary adherence. Young children have a higher risk of exceeding acceptable daily intakes for additives than adults due to higher food intakes kg-1 body weight. The Budget Method and EFSA's Food Additives Intake Model (FAIM) are not equipped to assess partial dietary replacement with special formulations as they are built on data from dietary surveys of consumers without special medical requirements impacting the diet. The aim of this study was to explore dietary exposure modelling as a means of estimating the intake of artificial sweeteners by young PKU and CMPA patients aged 1-3 years. An adapted validated probabilistic model (FACET) was used to assess patients' exposure to artificial sweeteners. Food consumption data were derived from the food consumption survey data of healthy young children in Ireland from the National Preschool and Nutrition Survey (NPNS, 2010-11). Specially formulated foods for special medical purposes were included in the exposure model to replace restricted foods. Inclusion was based on recommendations for adequate protein intake and dietary adherence data. Exposure assessment results indicated that young children with PKU and CMPA have higher relative average intakes of artificial sweeteners than healthy young children. The reliability and robustness of the model in the estimation of patient additive exposures was further investigated and provides the first exposure estimates for these special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J O'Sullivan
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Sandrine Pigat
- b Creme Global , The Tower, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Campus , Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Cian O'Mahony
- b Creme Global , The Tower, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Campus , Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Aideen I McKevitt
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
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Fallaize R, Celis-Morales C, Macready AL, Marsaux CF, Forster H, O'Donovan C, Woolhead C, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Hallmann J, Mavrogianni C, Surwillo A, Livingstone KM, Moschonis G, Navas-Carretero S, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Bouwman J, Grimaldi K, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Martinez JA, Daniel H, Saris WH, Gibney MJ, Mathers JC, Lovegrove JA. The effect of the apolipoprotein E genotype on response to personalized dietary advice intervention: findings from the Food4Me randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:827-36. [PMID: 27510539 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.135012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). DESIGN Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. RESULTS Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035; E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Fm Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hannah Forster
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare O'Donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hallmann
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands
| | | | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wim Hm Saris
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
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Forster H, Walsh MC, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, McGirr C, Daly EJ, O'Riordan R, Celis-Morales C, Fallaize R, Macready AL, Marsaux CFM, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Hartwig K, Mavrogianni C, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Gjelstad IMF, Drevon CA, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Daniel H, Lovegrove JA, Mathers JC, Gibney MJ, Gibney ER, Brennan L. A Dietary Feedback System for the Delivery of Consistent Personalized Dietary Advice in the Web-Based Multicenter Food4Me Study. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e150. [PMID: 27363307 PMCID: PMC4945818 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous healthy eating campaigns, the prevalence of diets high in saturated fatty acids, sugar, and salt and low in fiber, fruit, and vegetables remains high. With more people than ever accessing the Internet, Web-based dietary assessment instruments have the potential to promote healthier dietary behaviors via personalized dietary advice. Objective The objectives of this study were to develop a dietary feedback system for the delivery of consistent personalized dietary advice in a multicenter study and to examine the impact of automating the advice system. Methods The development of the dietary feedback system included 4 components: (1) designing a system for categorizing nutritional intakes; (2) creating a method for prioritizing 3 nutrient-related goals for subsequent targeted dietary advice; (3) constructing decision tree algorithms linking data on nutritional intake to feedback messages; and (4) developing personal feedback reports. The system was used manually by researchers to provide personalized nutrition advice based on dietary assessment to 369 participants during the Food4Me randomized controlled trial, with an automated version developed on completion of the study. Results Saturated fatty acid, salt, and dietary fiber were most frequently selected as nutrient-related goals across the 7 centers. Average agreement between the manual and automated systems, in selecting 3 nutrient-related goals for personalized dietary advice across the centers, was highest for nutrient-related goals 1 and 2 and lower for goal 3, averaging at 92%, 87%, and 63%, respectively. Complete agreement between the 2 systems for feedback advice message selection averaged at 87% across the centers. Conclusions The dietary feedback system was used to deliver personalized dietary advice within a multi-country study. Overall, there was good agreement between the manual and automated feedback systems, giving promise to the use of automated systems for personalizing dietary advice. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530139 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ht5Dgj8I)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Forster
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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38
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Li K, Brennan L, McNulty BA, Bloomfield JF, Duff DJ, Devlin NFC, Gibney MJ, Flynn A, Walton J, Nugent AP. Plasma fatty acid patterns reflect dietary habits and metabolic health: A cross-sectional study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2043-52. [PMID: 27028111 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Using pattern analysis, we investigated the relationship between plasma fatty acid patterns, dietary intake, and biomarkers of metabolic health using data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma fatty acid patterns were derived from 26 plasma fatty acids using k-means cluster analysis. Four clusters were identified, each with a distinct fatty acid profile. Cluster 1 included high proportions of linoleic acid (LA) and low proportions of stearic acid (SA); cluster 2 was higher in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and SA; the profile of cluster 3 was higher in very-long-chain saturated fatty acid (VLCSFA) and lower in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (cluster 3); while cluster 4 was higher in fatty acids related to de novo lipogenesis and 20:3n-6 and lower in LA (cluster 4). In general, cluster 4 was associated with adverse metabolic profile and higher metabolic risk (p < 0.033). Clusters 2 and 3 were associated with healthier and protective phenotypes (p < 0.033). CONCLUSION Distinct fatty acid patterns were identified which were related to demographics, dietary habits, and metabolic profile. A pattern higher in VLCSFA and lower in ALA was associated with healthier metabolic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dan J Duff
- Chemical Analysis Laboratories, Sandycove, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh F C Devlin
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Albani V, Celis-Morales C, Marsaux CFM, Forster H, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Macready AL, Fallaize R, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Mavrogianni C, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Gundersen TE, Kaland SE, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Gibney ER, Walsh MC, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Daniel H, Lovegrove JA, Gibney MJ, Adamson AJ, Mathers JC, Brennan L. Front cover: Exploring the association of dairy product intake with the fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0 measured from dried blood spots in a multipopulation cohort: Findings from the Food4Me study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201670041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Martyn DM, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, O'Reilly E, Tlustos C, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ. Dietary intake of four artificial sweeteners by Irish pre-school children. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:592-602. [PMID: 26939625 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1152880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of rigorous pre- and post-market reviews of safety, there remains a high level of debate regarding the use of artificial sweeteners in foods. Young children are of particular interest when assessing food chemical exposure as a result of their unique food consumption patterns and comparatively higher exposure to food chemicals on a body weight basis when compared with the general population. The present study examined the intakes of four intense sweeteners (acesulfame K, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose) in the diets of children aged 1-4 years using food consumption and sweetener presence data from the Irish National Pre-school Nutrition Survey (2010-11) and analytical data for sweetener concentration in foods obtained from a national testing programme. Four exposure assessment scenarios were conducted using the available data on sweetener occurrence and concentration. The results demonstrated that the mean daily intakes for all four sweeteners were below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) (17-31%), even considering the most conservative assumptions regarding sweetener presence and concentration. High consumer intakes (P95) were also below the ADI for the four sweeteners when more realistic estimates of exposure were considered. Both sweetener occurrence and concentration data had a considerable effect on reducing the estimated intake values, with a combined reduction in intakes of 95% when expressed as a proportion of the ADI. Flavoured drinks were deemed to be a key contributor to artificial sweetener intakes in this population cohort. It was concluded that there is no health risk to Irish pre-school children at current dietary intake levels of the sweeteners studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika M Martyn
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Emer O'Reilly
- b Food Safety Authority of Ireland; Block D, E and F, Abbey Court , Dublin 1 , Ireland
| | - Christina Tlustos
- b Food Safety Authority of Ireland; Block D, E and F, Abbey Court , Dublin 1 , Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- c School of Food & Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- c School of Food & Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- a UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
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41
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Marsaux CFM, Celis-Morales C, Livingstone KM, Fallaize R, Kolossa S, Hallmann J, San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Forster H, Moschonis G, Lambrinou CP, Surwillo A, Godlewska M, Hoonhout J, Goris A, Macready AL, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Lovegrove JA, Martinez JA, Daniel H, Gibney MJ, Mathers JC, Saris WHM. Changes in Physical Activity Following a Genetic-Based Internet-Delivered Personalized Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial (Food4Me). J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e30. [PMID: 26851191 PMCID: PMC4761101 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that physical activity (PA) can attenuate the influence of the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on the risk to develop obesity. However, whether providing personalized information on FTO genotype leads to changes in PA is unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if disclosing FTO risk had an impact on change in PA following a 6-month intervention. Methods
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 in the FTO gene was genotyped in 1279 participants of the Food4Me study, a four-arm, Web-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 7 European countries on the effects of personalized advice on nutrition and PA. PA was measured objectively using a TracmorD accelerometer and was self-reported using the Baecke questionnaire at baseline and 6 months. Differences in baseline PA variables between risk (AA and AT genotypes) and nonrisk (TT genotype) carriers were tested using multiple linear regression. Impact of FTO risk disclosure on PA change at 6 months was assessed among participants with inadequate PA, by including an interaction term in the model: disclosure (yes/no) × FTO risk (yes/no). Results At baseline, data on PA were available for 874 and 405 participants with the risk and nonrisk FTO genotypes, respectively. There were no significant differences in objectively measured or self-reported baseline PA between risk and nonrisk carriers. A total of 807 (72.05%) of the participants out of 1120 in the personalized groups were encouraged to increase PA at baseline. Knowledge of FTO risk had no impact on PA in either risk or nonrisk carriers after the 6-month intervention. Attrition was higher in nonrisk participants for whom genotype was disclosed (P=.01) compared with their at-risk counterparts. Conclusions No association between baseline PA and FTO risk genotype was observed. There was no added benefit of disclosing FTO risk on changes in PA in this personalized intervention. Further RCT studies are warranted to confirm whether disclosure of nonrisk genetic test results has adverse effects on engagement in behavior change. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530139; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01530139 (Archived by WebCite at: http://www.webcitation.org/6XII1QwHz)
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Albani V, Celis-Morales C, Marsaux CFM, Forster H, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Macready AL, Fallaize R, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Mavrogianni C, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Gundersen TE, Kaland SE, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Gibney ER, Walsh MC, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Daniel H, Lovegrove JA, Gibney MJ, Adamson AJ, Mathers JC, Brennan L. Exploring the association of dairy product intake with the fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0 measured from dried blood spots in a multipopulation cohort: Findings from the Food4Me study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:834-45. [PMID: 26678873 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The use of biomarkers in the objective assessment of dietary intake is a high priority in nutrition research. The aim of this study was to examine pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) as biomarkers of dairy foods intake. METHODS AND RESULTS The data used in the present study were obtained as part of the Food4me Study. Estimates of C15:0 and C17:0 from dried blood spots and intakes of dairy from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were obtained from participants (n = 1180) across seven countries. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of biomarkers with dairy intake levels and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the fatty acids. Significant positive associations were found between C15:0 and total intakes of high-fat dairy products. C15:0 showed good ability to distinguish between low and high consumers of high-fat dairy products. CONCLUSION C15:0 can be used as a biomarker of high-fat dairy intake and of specific high-fat dairy products. Both C15:0 and C17:0 performed poorly for total dairy intake highlighting the need for caution when using these in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Albani
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Forster
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare B O'Donovan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashley J Adamson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Curran AM, Ryan MF, Drummond E, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Brennan L. Uncovering Factors Related to Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161350. [PMID: 27536890 PMCID: PMC4990237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased rapidly on a global scale. Beta-cell dysfunction contributes to the overall pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, factors contributing to beta-cell function are not clear. The aims of this study were (i) to identify factors related to pancreatic beta-cell function and (ii) to perform mechanistic studies in vitro. METHODS Three specific measures of beta-cell function were assessed for 110 participants who completed an oral glucose tolerance test as part of the Metabolic Challenge Study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed as potential modulators of beta-cell function. Subsequent in vitro experiments were performed using the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta-cell line. Validation of findings were performed in a second human cohort. RESULTS Waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest anthropometric modulator of beta-cell function, with beta-coefficients of -0.33 (p = 0.001) and -0.30 (p = 0.002) for beta-cell function/homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and disposition index respectively. Additionally, the resistin-to-adiponectin ratio (RA index) emerged as being strongly associated with beta-cell function, with beta-coefficients of -0.24 (p = 0.038) and -0.25 (p = 0.028) for beta-cell function/HOMA-IR, and disposition index respectively. Similar results were obtained using a third measure for beta-cell function. In vitro experiments revealed that the RA index was a potent regulator of acute insulin secretion where a high RA index (20ng ml-1 resistin, 5nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) significantly decreased insulin secretion whereas a low RA index (10ng ml-1 resistin, 10nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) significantly increased insulin secretion. The RA index was successfully validated in a second human cohort with beta-coefficients of -0.40 (p = 0.006) and -0.38 (p = 0.008) for beta-cell function/ HOMA-IR, and disposition index respectively. CONCLUSIONS Waist-to-hip ratio and RA index were identified as significant modulators of beta-cell function. The ability of the RA index to modulate insulin secretion was confirmed in mechanistic studies. Future work should identify strategies to alter the RA index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Elaine Drummond
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Marsaux CF, Celis-Morales C, Fallaize R, Macready AL, Kolossa S, Woolhead C, O'Donovan CB, Forster H, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Surwillo A, Godlewska M, Goris A, Hoonhout J, Drevon CA, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Martinez JA, Lovegrove JA, Gibney MJ, Daniel H, Mathers JC, Saris WH. Effects of a Web-Based Personalized Intervention on Physical Activity in European Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e231. [PMID: 26467573 PMCID: PMC4642412 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of physical inactivity worldwide calls for innovative and more effective ways to promote physical activity (PA). There are limited objective data on the effectiveness of Web-based personalized feedback on increasing PA in adults. OBJECTIVE It is hypothesized that providing personalized advice based on PA measured objectively alongside diet, phenotype, or genotype information would lead to larger and more sustained changes in PA, compared with nonpersonalized advice. METHODS A total of 1607 adults in seven European countries were randomized to either a control group (nonpersonalized advice, Level 0, L0) or to one of three personalized groups receiving personalized advice via the Internet based on current PA plus diet (Level 1, L1), PA plus diet and phenotype (Level 2, L2), or PA plus diet, phenotype, and genotype (Level 3, L3). PA was measured for 6 months using triaxial accelerometers, and self-reported using the Baecke questionnaire. Outcomes were objective and self-reported PA after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS While 1270 participants (85.81% of 1480 actual starters) completed the 6-month trial, 1233 (83.31%) self-reported PA at both baseline and month 6, but only 730 (49.32%) had sufficient objective PA data at both time points. For the total cohort after 6 months, a greater improvement in self-reported total PA (P=.02) and PA during leisure (nonsport) (P=.03) was observed in personalized groups compared with the control group. For individuals advised to increase PA, we also observed greater improvements in those two self-reported indices (P=.006 and P=.008, respectively) with increased personalization of the advice (L2 and L3 vs L1). However, there were no significant differences in accelerometer results between personalized and control groups, and no significant effect of adding phenotypic or genotypic information to the tailored feedback at month 3 or 6. After 6 months, there were small but significant improvements in the objectively measured physical activity level (P<.05), moderate PA (P<.01), and sedentary time (P<.001) for individuals advised to increase PA, but these changes were similar across all groups. CONCLUSIONS Different levels of personalization produced similar small changes in objective PA. We found no evidence that personalized advice is more effective than conventional "one size fits all" guidelines to promote changes in PA in our Web-based intervention when PA was measured objectively. Based on self-reports, PA increased to a greater extent with more personalized advice. Thus, it is crucial to measure PA objectively in any PA intervention study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530139; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01530139 (Archived by WebCite at: http://www.webcitation.org/6XII1QwHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fm Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Hallmann J, Kolossa S, Gedrich K, Celis-Morales C, Forster H, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Macready AL, Fallaize R, Marsaux CFM, Lambrinou CP, Mavrogianni C, Moschonis G, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Mathers JC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Walsh MC, Lovegrove JA, Saris WHM, Manios Y, Martinez JA, Traczyk I, Gibney MJ, Daniel H. Predicting fatty acid profiles in blood based on food intake and the FADS1 rs174546 SNP. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2565-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hallmann
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre; Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hannah Forster
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Clare B. O'Donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Anna L. Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Cyril F. M. Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology; NUTRIM; School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; University of Navarra; Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; University of Navarra; Spain
| | | | | | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre; Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Marianne C. Walsh
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology; NUTRIM; School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition; Food Science and Physiology; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; University of Navarra; Spain
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ); Warsaw Poland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Biochemistry Unit; Technische Universität München; München Germany
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Matone A, O'Grada CM, Dillon ET, Morris C, Ryan MF, Walsh M, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Gibney MJ, Morine MJ, Roche HM. Body mass index mediates inflammatory response to acute dietary challenges. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2279-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
| | - Colm M. O'Grada
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eugene T. Dillon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara Morris
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Marianne Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Melissa J. Morine
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
- Department of Mathematics; University of Trento; Trento Italy
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
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Woolhead C, Gibney MJ, Walsh MC, Brennan L, Gibney ER. A generic coding approach for the examination of meal patterns. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:316-23. [PMID: 26085514 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal pattern analysis can be complex because of the large variability in meal consumption. The use of aggregated, generic meal data may address some of these issues. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop a meal coding system and use it to explore meal patterns. DESIGN Dietary data were used from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008-2010), which collected 4-d food diary information from 1500 healthy adults. Self-recorded meal types were listed for each food item. Common food group combinations were identified to generate a number of generic meals for each meal type: breakfast, light meals, main meals, snacks, and beverages. Mean nutritional compositions of the generic meals were determined and substituted into the data set to produce a generic meal data set. Statistical comparisons were performed against the original National Adult Nutrition Survey data. Principal component analysis was carried out by using these generic meals to identify meal patterns. RESULTS A total of 21,948 individual meals were reduced to 63 generic meals. Good agreement was seen for nutritional comparisons (original compared with generic data sets mean ± SD), such as fat (75.7 ± 29.4 and 71.7 ± 12.9 g, respectively, P = 0.243) and protein (83.3 ± 26.9 and 80.1 ± 13.4 g, respectively, P = 0.525). Similarly, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement (<5% outside limits of agreement) for many nutrients, including protein, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat. Twelve meal types were identified from the principal component analysis ranging in meal-type inclusion/exclusion, varying in energy-dense meals, and differing in the constituents of the meals. CONCLUSIONS A novel meal coding system was developed; dietary intake data were recoded by using generic meal consumption data. Analysis revealed that the generic meal coding system may be appropriate when examining nutrient intakes in the population. Furthermore, such a coding system was shown to be suitable for use in determining meal-based dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woolhead
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Morris C, O'Grada CM, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Gibney ER, Brennan L. Modulation of the lipidomic profile due to a lipid challenge and fitness level: a postprandial study. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:65. [PMID: 26123789 PMCID: PMC4489019 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lipid composition of plasma is known to vary due to both phenotypic factors such as age, gender and BMI as well as with various diseases including cancer and neurological disorders. However, there is little investigation into the variation in the lipidome due to exercise and/ or metabolic challenges. The objectives of this present study were (i) To identify the glycerophospholipid, sphingolipids and ceramide changes in response to an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) in healthy adults and (ii) To identify the effect of aerobic fitness level on lipidomic profiles. Methods 214 healthy adults aged 18–60 years were recruited as part of a metabolic challenge study. A sub-group of 40 volunteers were selected for lipidomic analysis based on their aerobic fitness level. Ceramides, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins were quantified in baseline fasting plasma samples as well as at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min following a lipid challenge using high-throughput flow injection ESI-MS/MS. Results Mixed model repeated measures analysis identified lipids which were significantly changing over the time course of the lipid challenge. Included in these lipids were lysophosphoethanolamines (LPE), phosphoethanolamines (PE), phosphoglycerides (PG) and ceramides (Cer). Five lipids (LPE a C18:2, LPE a C18:1, PE aa C36:2, PE aa C36:3 and N-C16:1-Cer) had a fold change > 1.5 at 120 min following the challenge and these lipids remained elevated. Furthermore, three of these lipids (LPE a C18:2, PE aa C36:2 and PE aa C36:3) were predictive of fasting and peak plasma TAG concentrations following the OLTT. Further analysis revealed that fitness level has a significant impact on the response to the OLTT: in particular significant differences between fitness groups were observed for phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides. Conclusion This study identified specific lipids which were modulated by an acute lipid challenge. Furthermore, it identified a series of lipids which were modulated by fitness level. Future lipidomic studies should take into account environmental factors such as diet and fitness level during biomarker discovery work. Trial registration Data, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01172951 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0062-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Morris
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colm M O'Grada
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Rice N, Gibbons H, McNulty BA, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Nugent AP. Development and validation testing of a short nutrition questionnaire to identify dietary risk factors in preschoolers aged 12-36 months. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:27912. [PMID: 26058751 PMCID: PMC4461756 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although imbalances in dietary intakes can have short and longer term influences on the health of preschool children, few tools exist to quickly and easily identify nutritional risk in otherwise healthy young children. Objectives To develop and test the validity of a parent-administered questionnaire (NutricheQ) as a means of evaluating dietary risk in young children (12–36 months). Design Following a comprehensive development process and internal reliability assessment, the NutricheQ questionnaire was validated in a cohort of 371 Irish preschool children as part of the National Preschool Nutrition Survey. Dietary risk was rated on a scale ranging from 0 to 22 from 11 questions, with a higher score indicating higher risk. Results Children with higher NutricheQ scores had significantly (p<0.05) lower mean daily intakes of key nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, folate, phosphorous, potassium, carotene, retinol, and dietary fibre. They also had lower (p<0.05) intakes of vegetables, fish and fish dishes, meat and infant/toddler milks and higher intakes of processed foods and non-milk beverages, confectionery, sugars and savoury snack foods indicative of poorer dietary quality. Areas under the curve values of 84.7 and 75.6% were achieved for ‘medium’ and ‘high’ dietary risk when compared with expert risk ratings indicating good consistency between the two methods. Conclusion NutricheQ is a valid method of quickly assessing dietary quality in preschoolers and in identifying those at increased nutritional risk. In Context Analysis of data from national food and nutrition surveys typically identifies shortfalls in dietary intakes or quality of young children. This can relate to intakes of micronutrients such as iron or vitamin D as well as to the balance of macronutrients they consume (e.g. fat or sugar). Alongside this lie concerns regarding overweight and obesity and physical inactivity. This combination of risk factors has potential negative effects for both short and longer term health. Hence, screening tools, such as NutricheQ described here, offer an opportunity for early identification and subsequent appropriate timely intervention from 12 months of age. This paper describes the development and validation of NutricheQ, a short user-friendly questionnaire. Designed to be administered by parents or carers, it aims to help healthcare professionals identify children at risk based on known, evidence-based nutritional risk factors. It is hoped in the longer term that this tool can be adapted for use globally and improve child health through early identification, which can be followed up by targeted, cost-effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Rice
- Previs Healthcare Ltd, Kilmacanogue, Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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Hopkins SM, Gibney MJ, Nugent AP, McNulty H, Molloy AM, Scott JM, Flynn A, Strain JJ, Ward M, Walton J, McNulty BA. Impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin B-12 in Irish adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1163-72. [PMID: 25877491 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ireland has traditionally operated a liberal policy of voluntary fortification, but little is known about how this practice, along with supplement use, affects population intakes and status of folate and vitamin B-12. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the relative impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin B-12 in Irish adults. DESIGN Folic acid and vitamin B-12 from fortified foods and supplements were estimated by using brand information for participants from the cross-sectional National Adult Nutrition Survey 2008-2010. Dietary and biomarker values were compared between 6 mutually exclusive consumption groups formed on the basis of folic acid intake. RESULTS The consumption of folic acid through fortified foods at low, medium, and high levels of exposure [median (IQR) intakes of 22 (13, 32), 69 (56, 84), and 180 (137, 248) μg/d, respectively]; from supplements [203 (150, 400) μg/d]; or from both sources [287 (220, 438) μg/d] was associated with significantly higher folate intakes and status compared with nonconsumption of folic acid (18% of the population). Median (IQR) red blood cell (RBC) folate increased significantly from 699 (538, 934) nmol/L in nonconsumers to 1040 (83, 1390) nmol/L in consumers with a high intake of fortified foods (P < 0.001), with further nonsignificant increases in supplement users. Supplement use but not fortification was associated with significantly higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations relative to nonconsumers (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of young women had suboptimal RBC folate for protection against neural tube defects (NTDs); among nonconsumers of folic acid, only 16% attained optimal RBC folate. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of voluntarily fortified foods and/or supplement use was associated with significantly higher dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate in Irish adults. Of concern, the majority of young women remain suboptimally protected against NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad M Hopkins
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Michael J Gibney
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW).
| | - Anne P Nugent
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Helene McNulty
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Anne M Molloy
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - John M Scott
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Albert Flynn
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - J J Strain
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Mary Ward
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Janette Walton
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
| | - Breige A McNulty
- From the Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin, Republic of Ireland (SMH, MJG, APN, and BAM); the Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland (HM, JJS, and MW); the School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (AMM and JMS); and the School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland (AF and JW)
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