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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Gray IJ, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Newman JW, O'Sullivan DAM. Genetic and environmental influences on serum oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 173:102338. [PMID: 34500309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bioactivity is a result of direct action and the action of lipid mediators including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids. Understanding the factors contributing to biological variation in lipid mediators may inform future approaches to understand and treat complex metabolic diseases. This research aims to determine the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on lipid mediators involved in the regulation of inflammation and energy metabolism. This study recruited 138 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 18-65 years and measured serum oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids and steroids using liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). In this classic twin design, the similarities and differences between MZ and DZ twins are modelled to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variation in lipid mediators. Heritable lipid mediators included the 12-lipoxygenase products 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [0.70 (95% CI: 0.12,0.82)], 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [0.73 (95% CI: 0.30,0.83)] and 14‑hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid [0.51 (95% CI: 0.07,0.71)], along with the endocannabinoid docosahexaenoy-lethanolamide [0.52 (95% CI: 0.15,0.72)]. For others such as 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid and lithocholic acid the contribution of environment to variation was stronger. With increased understanding of lipid mediator functions in health, it is important to understand the factors contributing to their variance. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of lipid mediators and extends pre-existing knowledge of the genetic and environmental influences on the human lipidome.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/blood
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Bile Acids and Salts/blood
- Bile Acids and Salts/genetics
- Dehydroepiandrosterone/blood
- Dehydroepiandrosterone/genetics
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/genetics
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/blood
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/genetics
- Endocannabinoids/blood
- Endocannabinoids/genetics
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/genetics
- Female
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oxylipins/blood
- Steroids/blood
- Twins, Dizygotic/genetics
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Segurado
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - I J Gray
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Dept of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dr A M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan AM. Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Stable Urinary NMR Metabolome over Time: A Classic Twin Study. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3992-4000. [PMID: 34304563 PMCID: PMC8397426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Genes, sex, age,
diet, lifestyle, gut microbiome, and multiple
other factors affect human metabolomic profiles. Understanding metabolomic
variation is critical in human nutrition research as metabolites that
are sensitive to change versus those that are more stable might be
more informative for a particular study design. This study aims to
identify stable metabolomic regions and determine the genetic and
environmental contributions to stability. Using a classic twin design, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) urinary metabolomic profiles
were measured in 128 twins at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. Multivariate
mixed models identified stable urinary metabolites with intraclass
correlation coefficients ≥0.51. Longitudinal twin modeling
measured the contribution of genetic and environmental influences
to variation in the stable urinary NMR metabolome, comprising stable
metabolites. The conservation of an individual’s stable urinary
NMR metabolome over time was assessed by calculating conservation
indices. In this study, 20% of the urinary NMR metabolome is stable
over 2 months (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.51–0.65). Common
genetic and shared environmental factors contributed to variance in
the stable urinary NMR metabolome over time. Using the stable metabolome,
91% of individuals had good metabolomic conservation indices ≥0.70.
To conclude, this research identifies 20% of the urinary NMR metabolome
as stable, improves our knowledge of the sources of metabolomic variation
over time, and demonstrates the conservation of an individual’s
urinary NMR metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan AM. Genetic and environmental influences on covariation in reproducible diet-metabolite associations. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1232-1240. [PMID: 33826700 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early applications of metabolomics in nutrition and health research identified associations between dietary patterns and metabolomic profiles. Twin studies show that diet-related phenotypes and diet-associated metabolites are influenced by genes. However, studies have not examined whether diet-metabolite associations are explained by genetic or environmental factors and whether these associations are reproducible over multiple time points. OBJECTIVE This research aims to examine the genetic and environmental factors influencing covariation in diet-metabolite associations that are reproducible over time in healthy twins. METHODS The UCD Twin Study is a semi-longitudinal classic twin study that collected repeated dietary, anthropometric, and urinary data over 2 months. Correlation analysis identified associations between diet quality measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and urinary metabolomic profiles at 3 time points. Diet-associated metabolites were examined using linear regression to identify those significantly influenced by familial factors between twins and those significantly influenced by unique factors. Cholesky decomposition modeling quantified the genetic and environmental path coefficients through associated dietary components onto the metabolites. RESULTS The HEI was associated with 14 urinary metabolites across 3 metabolomic profiles (r: ±0.15-0.49). For 8 diet-metabolite associations, genetic or shared environmental factors influencing HEI component scores significantly influenced variation in metabolites (β: 0.40-0.52). A significant relation was observed between dietary intakes of whole grain and acetoacetate (β: -0.50, P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β: -0.46, P < 0.001), as well as intakes of saturated fat and acetoacetate (β: 0.47, P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β: 0.52, P < 0.001). For these diet-metabolite associations a common shared environmental factor explained 66-69% of variance in the metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that diet-metabolite associations are reproducible in 3 urinary metabolomic profiles. Components of the HEI covary with metabolites, and covariation is largely due to the shared environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Hillesheim E, Ryan MF, Gibney E, Roche HM, Brennan L. Optimisation of a metabotype approach to deliver targeted dietary advice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:82. [PMID: 33005208 PMCID: PMC7523294 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted nutrition is defined as dietary advice tailored at a group level. Groups known as metabotypes can be identified based on individual metabolic profiles. Metabotypes have been associated with differential responses to diet, which support their use to deliver dietary advice. We aimed to optimise a metabotype approach to deliver targeted dietary advice by encompassing more specific recommendations on nutrient and food intakes and dietary behaviours. METHODS Participants (n = 207) were classified into three metabotypes based on four biomarkers (triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and glucose) and using a k-means cluster model. Participants in metabotype-1 had the highest average HDL-cholesterol, in metabotype-2 the lowest triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, and in metabotype-3 the highest triacylglycerol and total cholesterol. For each participant, dietary advice was assigned using decision trees for both metabotype (group level) and personalised (individual level) approaches. Agreement between methods was compared at the message level and the metabotype approach was optimised to incorporate messages exclusively assigned by the personalised approach and current dietary guidelines. The optimised metabotype approach was subsequently compared with individualised advice manually compiled. RESULTS The metabotype approach comprised advice for improving the intake of saturated fat (69% of participants), fibre (66%) and salt (18%), while the personalised approach assigned advice for improving the intake of folate (63%), fibre (63%), saturated fat (61%), calcium (34%), monounsaturated fat (24%) and salt (14%). Following the optimisation of the metabotype approach, the most frequent messages assigned to address intake of key nutrients were to increase the intake of fruit and vegetables, beans and pulses, dark green vegetables, and oily fish, to limit processed meats and high-fat food products and to choose fibre-rich carbohydrates, low-fat dairy and lean meats (60-69%). An average agreement of 82.8% between metabotype and manual approaches was revealed, with excellent agreements in metabotype-1 (94.4%) and metabotype-3 (92.3%). CONCLUSIONS The optimised metabotype approach proved capable of delivering targeted dietary advice for healthy adults, being highly comparable with individualised advice. The next step is to ascertain whether the optimised metabotype approach is effective in changing diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hillesheim
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
| | - Eileen Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science & Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD, Dublin 4, Belfield Ireland
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- C T O'Connor
- Department of Cardiology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P C Murray
- Medical Professorial Unit, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M F Ryan
- Department of Radiology, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Byrne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O’Sullivan AM. Exploring Covariation between Traditional Markers of Metabolic Health and the Plasma Metabolomic Profile: A Classic Twin Design. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2613-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E. Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M. O’Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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7
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Curran AM, Scott-Boyer MP, Kaput J, Ryan MF, Drummond E, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Brennan L. A proteomic signature that reflects pancreatic beta-cell function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202727. [PMID: 30161145 PMCID: PMC6117012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Proteomics has the potential to enhance early identification of beta-cell dysfunction, in conjunction with monitoring the various stages of type 2 diabetes onset. The most routine method of assessing pancreatic beta-cell function is an oral glucose tolerance test, however this method is time consuming and carries a participant burden. The objectives of this research were to identify protein signatures and pathways related to pancreatic beta-cell function in fasting blood samples. METHODS Beta-cell function measures were calculated for MECHE study participants who completed an oral glucose tolerance test and had proteomic data (n = 100). Information on 1,129 protein levels was obtained using the SOMAscan assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess discriminatory ability of proteins of interest. Subsequent in vitro experiments were performed using the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta-cell line. Replication of findings were achieved in a second human cohort where possible. RESULTS Twenty-two proteins measured by aptamer technology were significantly associated with beta-cell function/HOMA-IR while 17 proteins were significantly associated with the disposition index (p ≤ 0.01). Receiver operator characteristic curves determined the protein panels to have excellent discrimination between low and high beta-cell function. Linear regression analysis determined that beta-endorphin and IL-17F have strong associations with beta-cell function/HOMA-IR, β = 0.039 (p = 0.005) and β = -0.027 (p = 0.013) respectively. Calcineurin and CRTAM were strongly associated with the disposition index (β = 0.005 and β = 0.005 respectively, p = 0.012). In vitro experiments confirmed that IL-17F modulated insulin secretion in the BRIN-BD11 cell line, with the lower concentration of 10 ng/mL significantly increasing glucose stimulated insulin secretion (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Early detection of compromised beta-cell function could allow for implementation of nutritional and lifestyle interventions before progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marie Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research – University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Elaine Drummond
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- * E-mail:
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8
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Curran AM, Fogarty Draper C, Scott-Boyer MP, Valsesia A, Roche HM, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Kutmon M, Evelo CT, Coort SL, Astrup A, Saris WH, Brennan L, Kaput J. Sexual Dimorphism, Age, and Fat Mass Are Key Phenotypic Drivers of Proteomic Signatures. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4122-4133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Colleen Fogarty Draper
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research, Analytical BioSciences, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Pier Scott-Boyer
- The Microsoft Research − University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health,
Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Republic of Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T. Evelo
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Coort
- Department
of Bioinformatics − BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational
Research in Metabolism and Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (McCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department
of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim H. Saris
- Department
of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in
Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute
of Food and Health, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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O’Gorman A, Gibbons H, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Frost GS, Roche HM, Brennan L. Exploring the Links between Diet and Health in an Irish Cohort: A Lipidomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife O’Gorman
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gary S. Frost
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute
of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical
Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Jackson KG, Li Y, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Roche HM, Williams CM, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. Association of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism with change in triacylglycerol response to sequential meals. Nutr J 2016; 15:70. [PMID: 27456841 PMCID: PMC4960705 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reported associations between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFA) and the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) response have been inconsistent, which could be due to variations in the TNFA gene, meal fat composition or participant’s body weight. Hence, we investigated the association of TNFA polymorphism (−308G → A) with body mass index (BMI) and postprandial lipaemia and also determined the impact of BMI on the association of the polymorphism with postprandial lipaemia. Methods The study participants (n = 230) underwent a sequential meal postprandial study. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast (t = 0, 49 g fat) and lunch (t =330 min, 29 g fat) to measure fasting and postprandial lipids, glucose and insulin. The Metabolic Challenge Study (MECHE) comprising 67 Irish participants who underwent a 54 g fat oral lipid tolerance test was used as a replication cohort. The impact of genotype on postprandial responses was determined using general linear model with adjustment for potential confounders. Results The -308G → A polymorphism showed a significant association with BMI (P = 0.03) and fasting glucose (P = 0.006), where the polymorphism explained 13 % of the variation in the fasting glucose. A 30 % higher incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was observed for the postprandial TAG response in the GG homozygotes than A-allele carriers (P = 0.004) and the genotype explained 19 % of the variation in the IAUC. There was a non-significant trend in the impact of BMI on the association of the genotype with TAG IAUC (P = 0.09). These results were not statistically significant in the MECHE cohort, which could be due to the differences in the sample size, meal composition, baseline lipid profile, allelic diversity and postprandial characterisation of participants across the two cohorts. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TNFA -308G → A polymorphism may be an important candidate for BMI, fasting glucose and postprandial TAG response. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanistic effects of the polymorphism on glucose and TAG metabolism, and determine whether BMI is an important variable which should be considered in the design of future studies. Trial registration NCT01172951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Yue Li
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine M Williams
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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11
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Curran AM, Ryan MF, Drummond E, Gibney ER, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Brennan L. Uncovering Factors Related to Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161350. [PMID: 27536890 PMCID: PMC4990237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased rapidly on a global scale. Beta-cell dysfunction contributes to the overall pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, factors contributing to beta-cell function are not clear. The aims of this study were (i) to identify factors related to pancreatic beta-cell function and (ii) to perform mechanistic studies in vitro. METHODS Three specific measures of beta-cell function were assessed for 110 participants who completed an oral glucose tolerance test as part of the Metabolic Challenge Study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed as potential modulators of beta-cell function. Subsequent in vitro experiments were performed using the BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta-cell line. Validation of findings were performed in a second human cohort. RESULTS Waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest anthropometric modulator of beta-cell function, with beta-coefficients of -0.33 (p = 0.001) and -0.30 (p = 0.002) for beta-cell function/homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and disposition index respectively. Additionally, the resistin-to-adiponectin ratio (RA index) emerged as being strongly associated with beta-cell function, with beta-coefficients of -0.24 (p = 0.038) and -0.25 (p = 0.028) for beta-cell function/HOMA-IR, and disposition index respectively. Similar results were obtained using a third measure for beta-cell function. In vitro experiments revealed that the RA index was a potent regulator of acute insulin secretion where a high RA index (20ng ml-1 resistin, 5nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) significantly decreased insulin secretion whereas a low RA index (10ng ml-1 resistin, 10nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) significantly increased insulin secretion. The RA index was successfully validated in a second human cohort with beta-coefficients of -0.40 (p = 0.006) and -0.38 (p = 0.008) for beta-cell function/ HOMA-IR, and disposition index respectively. CONCLUSIONS Waist-to-hip ratio and RA index were identified as significant modulators of beta-cell function. The ability of the RA index to modulate insulin secretion was confirmed in mechanistic studies. Future work should identify strategies to alter the RA index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Curran
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Elaine Drummond
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Matone A, O'Grada CM, Dillon ET, Morris C, Ryan MF, Walsh M, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Gibney MJ, Morine MJ, Roche HM. Body mass index mediates inflammatory response to acute dietary challenges. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2279-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
| | - Colm M. O'Grada
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eugene T. Dillon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara Morris
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Marianne Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Melissa J. Morine
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
- Department of Mathematics; University of Trento; Trento Italy
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
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13
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Morris C, O'Grada CM, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, Roche HM, Gibney ER, Brennan L. Modulation of the lipidomic profile due to a lipid challenge and fitness level: a postprandial study. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:65. [PMID: 26123789 PMCID: PMC4489019 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lipid composition of plasma is known to vary due to both phenotypic factors such as age, gender and BMI as well as with various diseases including cancer and neurological disorders. However, there is little investigation into the variation in the lipidome due to exercise and/ or metabolic challenges. The objectives of this present study were (i) To identify the glycerophospholipid, sphingolipids and ceramide changes in response to an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) in healthy adults and (ii) To identify the effect of aerobic fitness level on lipidomic profiles. Methods 214 healthy adults aged 18–60 years were recruited as part of a metabolic challenge study. A sub-group of 40 volunteers were selected for lipidomic analysis based on their aerobic fitness level. Ceramides, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins were quantified in baseline fasting plasma samples as well as at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min following a lipid challenge using high-throughput flow injection ESI-MS/MS. Results Mixed model repeated measures analysis identified lipids which were significantly changing over the time course of the lipid challenge. Included in these lipids were lysophosphoethanolamines (LPE), phosphoethanolamines (PE), phosphoglycerides (PG) and ceramides (Cer). Five lipids (LPE a C18:2, LPE a C18:1, PE aa C36:2, PE aa C36:3 and N-C16:1-Cer) had a fold change > 1.5 at 120 min following the challenge and these lipids remained elevated. Furthermore, three of these lipids (LPE a C18:2, PE aa C36:2 and PE aa C36:3) were predictive of fasting and peak plasma TAG concentrations following the OLTT. Further analysis revealed that fitness level has a significant impact on the response to the OLTT: in particular significant differences between fitness groups were observed for phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides. Conclusion This study identified specific lipids which were modulated by an acute lipid challenge. Furthermore, it identified a series of lipids which were modulated by fitness level. Future lipidomic studies should take into account environmental factors such as diet and fitness level during biomarker discovery work. Trial registration Data, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01172951 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0062-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Morris
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colm M O'Grada
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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14
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Ferguson JF, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Roche HM, Reilly MP. Dietary isoflavone intake is associated with evoked responses to inflammatory cardiometabolic stimuli and improved glucose homeostasis in healthy volunteers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:996-1003. [PMID: 24875672 PMCID: PMC4130742 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of foods that modulate inflammatory stress in genetically-prone individuals may influence development of cardiometabolic diseases. Isoflavones in soy-derived foods function as phytoestrogens, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, inhibit protein-tyrosine kinase activity, and may be atheroprotective. We examined the relationship between soy food consumption and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia, postprandial responses to oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT), and insulin sensitivity from frequently sampled intravenous tolerance tests (FSIGTT). METHODS AND RESULTS We administered low-dose endotoxin (LPS 1 ng/kg) to induce transient endotoxemia in young, healthy volunteers (N = 215) of African (AA), and European (EA) ancestry as part of the GENE Study. We further supported these findings in two independent samples: the MECHE Study and NHANES. Soy food consumption was a significant predictor of peak cytokine response following LPS. Individuals with moderate-high (>1.48 mg/day, N = 65) vs. low-no (<1.48 mg/day, N = 150) isoflavone consumption had significantly higher tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) post-LPS (AUC, P = 0.009). Further, high-isoflavone consumers were protected against inflammation-induced decline in insulin sensitivity (SI) in GENE. We observed significant differences by soy consumption in the interferon gamma (IFNγ) response to OLTT, and the insulin response to OGTT in MECHE, as well as significantly lower fasting insulin, and 2-hour glucose post-OGTT in EA NHANES subjects. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that soy consumption may influence inflammatory and metabolic responses. In research of nutritional exposures, measuring evoked phenotypes may be more informative than describing resting characteristics. The GENE Study was registered under NCT00953667 and the MECHE Study under NCT01172951, both at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ferguson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - M F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great expansion in the nature of new technologies for the study of all biologic subjects at the molecular and genomic level and these have been applied to the field of human nutrition. The latter has traditionally relied on a mix of epidemiologic studies to generate hypotheses, dietary intervention studies to test these hypotheses, and a variety of experimental approaches to understand the underlying explanatory mechanisms. Both the novel and traditional approaches have begun to carve out separate identities vís-a-vís their own journals, their own international societies, and their own national and international symposia. The present review draws on the advent of large national nutritional phenotype databases and related technological developments to argue the case that there needs to be far more integration of molecular and public health nutrition. This is required to address new joint approaches to such areas as the measurement of food intake, biomarker discovery, and the genetic determinants of nutrient-sensitive genotypes and other areas such as personalized nutrition and the use of new technologies with mass application, such as in dried blood spots to replace venipuncture or portable electronic devices to monitor food intake and phenotype. Future development requires the full integration of these 2 disciplines, which will provide a challenge to both funding agencies and to university training of nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Ulster, Northern Ireland,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Marianne C. Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
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16
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Maki A, Kitajima J, Abe F, Stewart G, Ryan MF. Isolation, identification, and bioassay of chemicals affecting nonpreference carrot-root resistance to carrot-fly larva. J Chem Ecol 2013; 15:1883-97. [PMID: 24272190 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/1988] [Accepted: 09/20/1988] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Roots of the carrot cultivars Vertou L.D. (resistant) and Long Chantenay (susceptible) were subjected to detailed chemical analysis to identify extracts and compounds influencing larval host-finding (preference/non-preference) behavior and to compare concentrations of these compounds in resistant and susceptible cultivars. Vertou yielded threefold less volatile material in headspace extracts of pureed roots. Extracts of chopped root in methanol, steam, hexane, and chloroform were inactive in behavioral assays. However, ether extracts were active and their hydrocarbon and carbonyl-rich fractions contained potent attractants. The principal constituent of the carbonyl-rich fraction of each cultivar was the carotatoxin complex comprising the neurotoxin falcarinol (carotatoxin), falcarindiol, and falcarindiol monoacetate, the latter compound here reported for the first time from carrot. Falcarinol (50 and 100 μg) was active in a behavioral assay, and all three ingredients of the complex were potent electrophysiological stimuli, eliciting maximum single unit responses to source concentrations of 10 ng. Furthermore, the complex was more abundant by about 1000 μg/root in Long Chantenay. As this comprised extra amounts of 70, 862, and 110 μg of falcarinol, falcarindiol, and falcarindiol monoacetate, respectively, the observed differences seem both behaviorally and physiologically relevant. It is generally accepted that coevolution has transformed the role of many toxins into host-location cues, but this seems a relatively rare example of a neurotoxin (falcarinol) evincing, in decreased concentrations, nonpreference host resistance. This evolved response to a toxin present in large concentrations is contrasted with that totrans-2-nonenal, which paralyses and kills the larva and is present in only trace amounts in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maki
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Maki A, Ryan MF. Root-mediated effects in carrot resistance to the carrot fly,Psila rosae. J Chem Ecol 2013; 15:1867-82. [PMID: 24272189 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/1988] [Accepted: 09/20/1988] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Field experiments on two different soil types in Ireland assessed the extent and mechanisms of resistance toPsila rosae (F.), the carrot fly, with emphasis on the role of the carrot root. Ten carrot cultivars gave consistent results in terms of resistant and susceptible cultivars. Nonpreference oviposition was confirmed as a mechanism, and the use of egg traps, providing differential exposure of the main root, showed this was regulated by root factors, probably chemical constituents. Independent main root resistance to the larva was also confirmed, and this effect was established as consistent with a chemically mediated nonpreference. Antibiosis by the root was demonstrated. Such effects in three different modes indicate that main root properties are crucial in carrot resistance toPsila and suggest a pervasive influence of root chemicals on such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maki
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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O'Neill SB, O'Neill DC, Marshall N, Duddy L, Ryan MF, Barry JE. PB.16: Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: a single-centre experience. Breast Cancer Res 2013. [PMCID: PMC3980883 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Ryan MF, O'Grada CM, Grada CO, Morris C, Segurado R, Walsh MC, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Roche HM, Gibney MJ. Within-person variation in the postprandial lipemic response of healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:261-7. [PMID: 23283501 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response to dietary fat plays a key role in metabolic health. Although this can vary widely between individuals, variation within an individual and the associated contribution of phenotypic and genotypic factors to this variation are less defined. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to quantify within-person variation in triacylglycerol response by means of a novel variation score (S(v)) and to explore the phenotypic and genotypic factors associated with this score. DESIGN Two consecutive 5-h oral-lipid-tolerance tests (OLTTs) were conducted in 51 healthy adults aged 18-60 y with a BMI (in kg/m²) of 18.5 to 49.8. Detailed body composition, physical function, biochemistry, and genotype data were gathered. RESULTS The postprandial triacylglycerol response profile did not differ (P = 0.64) across OLTTs for the group; nor did average concentrations of functional markers apolipoprotein C2 (P = 0.73) and apolipoprotein C3 (P = 0.74). S(v) was low in most (82%) of the adults and was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with age, fasting triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol AUC, and fasting nonessential fatty acids. Significant associations were also observed between S(v) and single nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 genes (APOA1, IL1α, IL1β, TLR4, TCF7L2, CCK1Rec, and STAT3) after correction for phenotypic differences. CONCLUSIONS This work showed that the within-person variability in postprandial lipemic response is low in most healthy adults. It also showed that variability in this response is associated with a defined set of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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21
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Abstract
Lymphocytes have advantages over other tissues, such as erythrocytes and muscle, for assessing intracellular magnesium and potassium. During experimental magnesium deficiency in rats, the magnitude of the magnesium loss from lymphocytes was similar to that of cardiac and skeletal muscle. During experimental potassium deficiency, cardiac muscle retained potassium more effectively than skeletal muscle. The magnitude of the potassium loss from lymphocytes was of similar magnitude to that of cardiac muscle. Chronic congestive heart failure patients being treated with the loop-blocking diuretic, furosemide, were found to have significantly reduced lymphocyte magnesium (p less than 0.05) and potassium (p less than 0.01) compared to values obtained in 20 control subjects. The effects of acute administration of the potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, were investigated in 10 congestive heart failure patients. Each patient was studied over a 6-day period comprising a 3-day control period involving furosemide administration, followed immediately by a 3-day test period when amiloride (10 mg twice daily) was added to the therapeutic regimen. Amiloride reduced urinary potassium and magnesium, and increased both plasma and lymphocyte potassium and magnesium. Under these conditions, amiloride exerted magnesium-sparing actions in addition to its well-established potassium-sparing actions. The magnesium-sparing actions may be beneficial in that many experimental studies have shown that magnesium is required for maintenance and restoration of cell potassium.
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22
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Abstract
Hypovolaemic shock is an infrequently encountered entity found on CT of victims of severe trauma. Early abdominal and pelvic CT can show diffuse abnormalities owing to hypovolaemia that may alert radiologists to the presence of hypovolaemic shock. In this pictorial review, we present the imaging findings of hypovolaemic shock, as seen on CT of the abdomen. A spectrum of vascular and visceral CT signs is described. Vascular signs include diminished inferior vena cava diameter, diminished aortic diameter and abnormal vascular enhancement. Hollow visceral abnormalities include diffuse increased mucosal enhancement of both the small and large bowel, diffuse thickening of the small bowel wall, and small bowel dilatation. Solid visceral abnormalities include both decreased and increased end organ enhancement. This report should increase radiologists' awareness of the CT manifestations of hypovolaemic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tarrant
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Nic An Ultaigh S, Ryan MF. Classes and crossreactivity of proteinases in the excretory–secretory products of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Helminthol 2007; 81:93-9. [PMID: 17381874 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x0724725x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProteinases released during the in vitro maintenance of asynchronous cultures of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were characterized on the basis of subunit composition, fluorogenic substrate specificity, inhibitor sensitivity and pH optima. Cysteine proteinases are present in the excretory–secretory products (ESP) as indicated by the hydrolysis of cathepsin fluorogenic substrates and confirmed by immunoblotting. Serine proteinases were predominant as indicated by substrate gel analysis and inhibitor studies. The presence of metallo-proteinases was also indicated by inhibitor studies. The optimal pH value for cysteine proteinases was 5.5, while serine proteinases were optimal at pH 8.0. As a control, cultures of Escherichia coli, the diet of C. elegans, were extracted separately and gave no evidence of overlap with C. elegans ESP. Cross reactivity between the ESP of C. elegans and antibodies raised against the ESP of the equine parasite Strongylus vulgaris indicated antigenic relatedness of a proteic epitope. This is the first study to characterize the ESP of C. elegans and to display its relatedness with that of S. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nic An Ultaigh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of adipose tissue in metabolism, as a target for insulin action and a secretor of metabolic regulatory proteins, is increasingly recognized. Lipodystrophic conditions are often associated with significant insulin resistance. The commonest acquired form occurs with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Other medical conditions and drugs also have the potential to cause chronic subcutaneous fat damage. CASE REPORT We describe an unfamiliar partial lipodystrophy in a young woman, associated with markedly insulin-resistant diabetes, acquired following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood leukaemia complicated by late sclerodermatous chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD). Clinical examination revealed scarring and lipodystrophy affecting mainly legs, thighs, buttocks and forearms but sparing her face, neck and thorax. Her serum adiponectin level was markedly reduced. CONCLUSIONS However, although thiazolidinediones lower insulin resistance and increase subcutaneous peripheral fat in Type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone treatment had little effect on either serum adiponectin, glycaemic control or the lipoatrophy. In this case, effective glycaemic control was best achieved using a combination of metformin and highly concentrated soluble insulin injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Rooney
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK.
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25
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Rooney S, Ryan MF. Modes of action of alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, active constituents of Nigella sativa, against HEp-2 cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2005; 25:4255-9. [PMID: 16309225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies on active constituents of Nigella sativa have indicated that cell death induced by thymoquinone and alpha-hederin was dose- and time-dependent, in a range of four cancer cell lines. Both compounds elicited necrosis and apoptosis with a higher incidence of the latter induced by thymoquinone. As HEp-2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells were the most susceptible, we sought to better understand the mechanisms involved by using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, to determine the importance of GSH in the apoptosis elicited, using cisplatin as internal standard. BSO significantly enhanced alpha-hederin- and cisplatin- mediated toxicity as assessed by the MIT assay, without changes in apoptosis or necrosis levels. Although the MTI assay did not indicate BSO potentiation of thymoquinone, apoptosis levels were significantly enhanced following this combination, without changes in necrosis. Thymoquinone and cisplatin significantly decreased GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner, with BSO pre-treatment synergistically depleting GSH levels in only thymoquinone- treated cells. As the caspase 3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-fmk significantly decreased thymoquinone- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis, GSH depletion and caspase 3-activation mediate thymoquinone-induced apoptosis, in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rooney
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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26
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Rooney S, Ryan MF. Effects of alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, constituents of Nigella sativa, on human cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res 2005; 25:2199-204. [PMID: 16158964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The separate effects of alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, the two principal bioactive constituents of Nigella sativa, on four human cancer cell lines [A549 (lung carcinoma), HEp-2 (larynx epidermoid carcinoma), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma) and MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas carcinoma)] were investigated. Alpha-hederin was also examined as a pro-drug. Each assessment quantified both cytotoxic and apoptotic/necrotic effects. Alpha-hederin and thymoquinone separately induced a dose- and time-dependent effect on the cell lines tested. HEp-2 cells were the most sensitive, exhibiting apoptosis with a higher incidence following thymoquinone treatment. Pre-treatment of cells with alpha-hederin, followed by thymoquinone or cisplatin, did not enhance the cytotoxicity or apoptosis induced by either drug. So, the membrane-perforating properties associated with saponins, here represented by alpha-hederin, enhance neither cytotoxicity nor apoptosis of these cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rooney
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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27
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Ryan MF, Hamilton PA, Sarrazin J, Chu P, Benjaminov O, Lam K. The halo sign and peripancreatic fluid: useful CT signs of hypovolaemic shock complex in adults. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:599-607. [PMID: 15851049 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2004.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report two new, useful computed tomography (CT) signs of the hypovolaemic shock complex (HSC) in adults admitted after blunt abdominal trauma: the halo sign (ring of fluid around a collapsed intra-hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC)), and peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT images of 498 consecutive patients admitted after blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed, of which 27 had CT signs of the HSC. The CT images of these 27 patients were analysed. A control group of 101 patients examined using CT for suspected blunt abdominal trauma who did not have the HSC were chosen for comparison. RESULTS The most common features involved the vascular compartment: diminished IVC diameter n = 27 a positive halo sign n = 21 diminished anteroposterior diameter of the aorta n = 13 and abnormal vascular enhancement n = 10. Peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid in the absence of pancreatic injury, pancreatitis or pancreatic disease was observed in eight patients. Hollow visceral abnormalities included: diffuse increased mucosal enhancement of both the small and large bowel n = 19 diffuse thickening of the small bowel wall n =11 and small bowel dilatation n = 7. Solid visceral abnormalities included both decreased and or increased enhancement. Several concomitant intra- and extra-abdominal injuries were also identified. CONCLUSION In the setting of blunt abdominal trauma, early abdominal CT can show diffuse abnormalities due to the HSC, which occasionally may alert clinicians of unsuspected shock. Recognition of these signs as distinguished from injured viscera is important in order to avoid unnecessary laparotomy. Two new signs are described: the halo sign and peripancreatic retroperitoneal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ont., Canada.
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28
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Whelan LC, Ryan MF. Effects of the polyacetylene capillin on human tumour cell lines. Anticancer Res 2004; 24:2281-6. [PMID: 15330173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of capillin, a constituent of Artemisia monosperma, on four human tumour cell lines: colon carcinoma H729, pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx HEp-2 and lung carcinoma A549. Cells were treated with capillin to examine both the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Changes in cell proliferation, membrane permeability, macromolecular synthesis, glutathione (GSH), cell cycle and programmed cell death were evaluated. Capillin (1microM-10microM) inhibited cell proliferation and decreased macromolecular synthesis simultaneously, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Co-incubation with L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO) augmented the efficacy of capillin. Capillin modulated GSH levels, accumulated cells in the S+G2/M-phase of the cell cycle and induced cell death and DNA fragmentation, as indicated by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation assay. These findings suggest that capillin has cytotoxic activity and can induce apoptosis in human tumour cell lines.
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MESH Headings
- Alkynes/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Buthionine Sulfoximine/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Diynes
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Whelan
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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29
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da R Costa SDS, de A Santos MSN, Ryan MF. Effect of Artemisia vulgaris Rhizome Extracts on Hatching, Mortality, and Plant Infectivity of Meloidogyne megadora. J Nematol 2003; 35:437-442. [PMID: 19262777 PMCID: PMC2620684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of an ethanolic rhizome extract of Artemisia vulgaris against hatching, mortality, host plant infectivity, and galling of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne megadora was investigated. The extract inhibited egg hatch (50% inhibition by 2.35mg/ml) and caused second-stage juvenile mortality (50% lethality at 12 hours' exposure to 55.67 mg/ml), both in a dose-dependent manner. Nematode infectivity on Phaseolus vulgaris 'Bencanta Trepar', a susceptible host, decreased in a dose-responsive manner (50% inhibition at 6.28 hours exposure to extract). When applied directly to the soil, the extract reduced root galling on a susceptible host in a dose-dependent manner (50% inhibition by 32.36 mg/ml). After dilution in distilled water, the extract did not lose activity when stored in the dark at 25 degrees C for 15 days.
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30
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Abstract
We report a case of bilateral adrenal vein thrombosis in an adult female who had a history of breast cancer. The patient does not have clinical, serological or imaging evidence of metastatic disease 14 months from the initial diagnosis. Adrenal vein thrombosis is a rare entity. There have been no previous reports specifically stating an association between adrenal vein thrombosis and hypercoaguability, but there are many cases in the literature documenting venous thrombosis elsewhere within the body in patients with hypercoaguable states. Laboratory testing performed to exclude a hypercoaguable state, revealed heterozygosity for the Factor V Leiden mutation/activated protein C resistance and elevated factor VIII levels [3660 IU l(-1) (<1500)]. This is the first reported case of bilateral metachronous adrenal vein thrombosis in which MRI established the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Mayo General Hospital, Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland
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31
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Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of 20 plant species, selected from the ethnobotanical literature, were analysed for their pharmacological potential as antineoplastic agents against the HEp-2 cell line. Psoralea corylifolia and E. grandidens were the most efficacious species eliciting IC50 values of 22 microg/ml and 57 microg/ml respectively. Psoralea corylifolia, additionally tested against lung carcinoma (A549) cells gave an IC50 value of 68 microg/ml. Such data would justify a search for active compounds from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Whelan
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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32
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Abstract
The ultrastructure of the dorsal oesophageal gland ampulla and its relationship with the oesophagus, oesophageal ultrastructure, and control mechanisms in oesophageal activity were studied. Terminal ducts of the sub-ventral glands open through the oesophageal crown at the base of the buccal cavity. The terminal duct of the dorsal oesophageal gland running through the dorsal gutter opens to the exterior at the rim 'groove' of the buccal capsule. The posterior oesophageal region is clavate and the cuticle of the lumen folds to form outlet valves, 'valvulae'. An inconspicuous oesophago-intestinal valve (three lobes) connects oesophagus and intestine and is visualized in the open and shut position. In the female reproductive tract, with the exception of the uterus, the cells lie on a thick, irregular (convoluted) basal lamina. The apical plasma membrane of the uterus, and seminal receptacle, extend into the lumen by microvilli-like projections with which spermatozoa make intimate contact. The lumen of the uterus is filled with oocytes, fertilized and unfertilized. Testicular cells have two parts linked by a rachis. Spermatocytes are elongated with a large nucleus, distinct nuclear membrane, and many granules. The apical membrane of the rachis forms long microvilli-like projections with balloon-like tips. The amoeboid spermatozoa contain membrane specializations, a nucleus devoid of a membrane, and are enclosed by a pseudopodial-like extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mobarak
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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33
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Ryan MF, Murphy JP, Smith AJ. Computed tomography of obturator hernias: case report. Can Assoc Radiol J 2001; 52:366-8. [PMID: 11780544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
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35
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36
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Mobarak MS, Ryan MF. Ultrastructural aspects of feeding and secretion-excretion by the equine parasite Strongylus vulgaris. J Helminthol 1999; 73:147-55. [PMID: 10431375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to provide further data on the putative origins of the immunogenic secretory-excretory product (ESP) of Strongylus vulgaris (Looss 1900). The sharply delineated but superficial attachment to the equine caecum by the mouth leaves behind an oval area devoid of epithelial cells. Attachment does not extend deeply enough to reach the muscularis mucosa layer of the equine intestine. The progressive digestion of the ingested plug of tissue (epithelial cells, blood cells and mucous) was visualized. The coelomocytes, floating cells and membranous structures located in the pseudocoelom and intimately associated with the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems, and with the somatic muscles are described. The secretory-excretory system comprises two, ventrally-located, secretory-excretory glands connected to tubular elements. These glands synthesize granules of various sizes and densities that are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mobarak
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Ireland
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37
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Broaders M, Faro C, Ryan MF. Partial purification of acetylcholine receptor binding components from the Duvernoy's secretions of blanding's tree snake (Boiga blandingi) and the mangrove snake (Boiga dendrophila). J Nat Toxins 1999; 8:155-66. [PMID: 10410327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding activity was detected in Duvernoy's secretions from B. blandingi and B. dendrophila as they competitively inhibited formation of 3[H]bungarotoxin-acetylcholine receptor complexes (3[H]Bgt-AChR) in a concentration-dependent manner. Secretions contained two types of toxin: low affinity and high affinity. Reversed-phase HPLC of B. blandingi and B. dendrophila secretions afforded 20 and 14 peaks, respectively. AChR binding components, as revealed by SDS-PAGE, had apparent molecular weights of 10 and 11 kDa (B. blandingi) or 11 and 12 kDa (B. dendrophila). Periodic acid-Schiff staining indicated these were not glycoproteins. Alkylation with 4-vinylpyridine significantly decreased their ability to inhibit 3[H]Bgt-AChR binding, indicating disulphide bridges were necessary for receptor-binding activity. Attempts to sequence the B. blandingi peptides were negative as these components seemed to be N-terminally blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Broaders
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, United Hospitals Group, Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK
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39
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Abstract
Adult Strongylus vulgaris, collected from the caecum of infected horses and embedded in paraplast using standard methods, were sectioned for immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. Antibodies were raised in rabbit against the excretory-secretory product (ESP) and against two constituent protein bands (28-30 kDa). The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting indicated the immunogenicity of ESP and of the subunits (28-30 kDa). In ELISA, both rabbit hyperimmune sera recognized the ESP and (28-30 kDa) bands consistently and strongly. Both hyperimmune sera recognized most ESP subunits (80, 60, 54, 42, 35, 30, 20 and 15 kDa) in immunoblots. IHC, using light microscopy, suggested that the following worm tissues reacted strongly and positively with both antisera: amphids, tooth core, intestine, excretory gland and ducts, and hypodermis. Thus, either these are antigen-producing tissues, or antigens sharing common epitopes occur in them. The following tissues reacted weakly: body cuticle, buccal capsule cuticle, oesophagus, and also somatic muscle (non-contractile portion) perhaps due to diffusion of antigen from adjacent tissues. Preimmune serum gave a negative reaction with most worm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mobarak
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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40
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Broaders M, Ryan MF. Enzymatic properties of the Duvernoy's secretion of Blanding's tree snake (Boiga blandingi) and of the mangrove snake (Boiga dendrophila). Toxicon 1997; 35:1143-8. [PMID: 9248013 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(96)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Duvernoy's secretion from representatives of the colubrid genus Boiga has been shown by other workers: (1) to contain an alpha-bungarotoxin-like component (Blanding's tree snake, Boiga blandingi); (2) to exhibit acetylcholine receptor binding activity (the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis); and (3) to react strongly (B. blandingi and the mangrove snake, Boiga dendrophila) with antisera raised against elapid venoms. The present study provides the first evidence for the presence of acetylcholinesterase, a common elapid enzyme, in the Duvernoy's secretion of B. dendrophila and B. blandingi at levels of 122 +/- 7 and 0.36 +/- 0.02 International Enzyme Units, respectively. Constants for inhibition by eserine were 1.25 x 10(-7) M and 2.79 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The Duvernoy's secretion of B. dendrophila exhibited significant phospholipase and haemolytic activities, whereas phosphodiesterase was only weakly present and no thrombin-like activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Broaders
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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41
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Maguire TM, Ryan MF, Breen KC. Evidence for a correlation between ambient cholesterol levels and soluble plasma sialyltransferase enzyme activity. Glycoconj J 1996; 13:525-8. [PMID: 8872108 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While soluble forms of the sialyltransferase (sialyl-T) enzyme have been detected in significant quantities in serum, the exact source(s) of the enzyme, or the factors controlling its secretion are poorly understood. In this study, we have examined the relationship between ambient plasma cholesterol concentrations and sialyl-T-activities and also levels of constituent plasma sialoglycoproteins (SGP). There was an inverse relationship between levels of the alpha 2, 6 sialyl-T enzyme and both total plasma cholesterol and HDL, although no such relationship was observed for the alpha 2,3 enzyme. While there was no correlation between total cholesterol and the levels of plasma SGPs, there was an inverse relationship between the HDL component and alpha 2,3 SGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Maguire
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Scotland, UK
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluticasone propionate was introduced in 1993 in the UK as a potentially safer inhaled corticosteroid than those already in use. The efficacy and safety of fluticasone has been established at recommended doses of 200 micrograms/day, but not at higher doses that are often used. METHODS Growth retardation was observed in six severely asthmatic children after introduction of high-dose fluticasone propionate treatment (dry powder). Assessment of cortisol response was by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in three cases, by short tetracosactrin test in two, and by low-dose tetracosactrin and 24-hour urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio in one. FINDINGS Six children with growth retardation noted after treatment with high-dose fluticasone propionate were found to have adrenal suppression. In one case the growth rate and cortisol response returned to normal 9 months after the fluticasone dose was reduced to 500 micrograms/day. INTERPRETATION When high doses of fluticasone propionate are used, growth may be retarded and adrenal suppression may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Dundee Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Ninewells, Scotland, UK
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44
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Abstract
This study evaluated the usefulness of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a marker of nutritional status in 185 hospitalised patients compared with conventional biochemical (albumin) and anthropometric parameters. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a biochemical marker of underlying illness. 77 (42%) patients were normally nourished or overweight and 108 (58%) were nutritionally depleted. IGF-1 and albumin were significantly lower in the malnourished patients as a group. However, in the malnourished patients with normal CRP, there was no correlation between albumin or anthropometric measurements and IFG-1. In malnourished patients with a raised CRP, there was no relationship between malnutrition determined by body mass index and anthropometry and either albumin of IGF-1 concentrations. In normally nourished patients with a raised CRP, there was a relationship between albumin and CRP; and IGF-1 and CRP and between albumin and IGF-1. IGF-1 was related to age in all groups of patients. We conclude that neither albumin nor IGF-1 can be reliably used to assess nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P McWhirter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biochemical Medicine, UK
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45
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Ramaswami G, al-Kutoubi A, Nicolaides AN, Dhanjil S, Griffin M, Ryan MF. Peripheral transluminal angioplasty under ultrasound guidance: initial clinical experience and prevalence of lower limb lesions amenable to ultrasound-guided angioplasty. J Endovasc Surg 1995; 2:27-35. [PMID: 9234115 DOI: 10.1583/1074-6218(1995)002<0027:ptauug>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, endovascular techniques require monitoring by radiographic imaging for accurate catheter placement. The aim of this study was first to determine the feasibility of angioplasty under ultrasound guidance using a special catheter system. Based on this outcome, the second goal was to investigate the prevalence of lesions amenable to ultrasound-guided angioplasty. METHODS A balloon catheter system (Echomark) has been developed, which allows accurate catheter guidance by ultrasound imaging. An ultrasound-sensitive piezoelectric sensor positioned in the middle of the balloon portion of the angioplasty catheter is interfaced to an external duplex scanner via the catheter system. The exact position of the balloon relative to the transducer is calculated and reproduced on the screen of the duplex scanner to guide balloon positioning. In the feasibility assessment of the procedure, 16 patients with disabling claudication and rest pain were selected for balloon angioplasty under ultrasound guidance based on arteriographic and hemodynamic lesion criteria of > 50% stenosis with a peak systolic velocity ration > 2.5 in a lesion < 4 cm long that could be imaged by duplex ultrasonography. A fall in the peak systolic velocity ratio below 2.0 was selected for a procedural endpoint corresponding to < 30% residual stenosis on the completion angiogram. In the second part of the study, the prevalence of stenoses amenable to ultrasound-guided angioplasty was studied in 80 patients presenting with symptoms of peripheral arterial disease. RESULTS In the feasibility study, 20 stenoses (5 common iliac, 6 external iliac, and 8 superficial femoral arteries and 1 graft) meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to ultrasound-guided angioplasty with confirmation by completion angiography. The procedure was possible in 18 (90%) of the 20 stenoses. The two failures occurred in iliac arteries that could not be imaged by duplex scanning due to obesity, bowel gas, and/or vessel wall calcification. In one case, the peak systolic velocity ratio exceeded 2.5 despite a satisfactory control arteriogram; redilation was performed, and the ratio fell below 2.0. In the second part of the study, 21 (26.2%) of the 80 patients had 29 stenoses that were amenable to angioplasty according to angiographic criteria (> 50% stenosis and < 4 cm length). All these stenoses were evaluated with duplex scanning to determine their suitability for angioplasty under ultrasound guidance. Twenty-three (79%) of the 29 lesions selected for angioplasty were well visualized by duplex, and angioplasty would have been possible based on our initial clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS Angioplasty under ultrasound control is a feasible technique for peripheral lesions. Ultrasound allows monitoring of both anatomical and hemodynamic parameters during angioplasty and thus provides a procedural endpoint that correlates to the control angiogram. A large proportion (79%) of stenoses deemed suitable for angioplasty can be well visualized by ultrasound, but obesity, vessel wall calcification, and bowel gas may limit the ability to obtain a satisfactory ultrasound image. Ultrasound-guided angioplasty is a potentially useful procedure that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramaswami
- Irvine Laboratory for Cardiovascular Investigation and Research, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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46
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Abstract
An excretory-secretory (ES) preparation derived from adult Strongylus vulgaris in vitro was assessed for proteolytic activity using azocasein and synthetic, fluorogenic, peptide substrates. Fractionation was by molecular sieve fast protein liquid chromatography (molecular sieve FPLC) and resolution by gelatin-substrate sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (gelatin-substrate SDS-PAGE). The cysteine proteinase activator, dithiothreitol (DTT), enhanced azocaseinolysis and hydrolysis of carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-NMec) by the ES preparation and was a requirement for the detection of carbobenzoxy-arginyl-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Arg-Arg-NMec) hydrolysis. Assays of FPLC-eluted fractions, with DTT, detected a broad peak of azocaseinolytic activity (22-24 kDa) and two peaks (24 and 18 kDa) of hydrolysis using the synthetic substrates. Hydrolysis by these peaks of Z-Phe-Arg-NMec was 50-fold greater than that of Z-Arg-Arg-NMec suggesting that their specificities are more like papain or cathepsin L rather than cathepsin B. In gelatin-substrate SDS-PAGE, DTT was required to detect proteolysis by the ES preparation which was optimal at pH 6.0 and resolved into eight bands (87-29 kDa). Cysteine proteinase inhibitors were the most effective in all assays. Collectively, these data indicate that cysteine-class proteolytic activity predominates in the ES preparation of adult S. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Caffrey
- Department of Zoology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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47
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Wilkins BS, Bostanci AG, Ryan MF, Jones DB. Haemopoietic regrowth after chemotherapy for acute leukaemia: an immunohistochemical study of bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 1993; 46:915-21. [PMID: 8227408 PMCID: PMC501618 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.46.10.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse haemopoietic regrowth and residual disease in bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens after treatment for acute leukaemia, using immunohistochemical staining. METHODS Biopsy specimens before and after treatment were studied from patients diagnosed as having acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukaemia. Specimens after treatment encompassed periods from two to 56 weeks from the start of treatment. Routine haematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa stained sections were evaluated in association with immunostained preparations. A panel of antibodies was used, which reacts with epitopes showing restricted expression dependent on the lineage or maturation stage of cells. Results were evaluated in the light of clinical, peripheral blood, and marrow aspirate findings. RESULTS The speed and sequence of regrowth of haemopoietic cells were more variable than expected. Immunostaining highlighted features of dysplasia after treatment and in some cases assisted detection of residual or relapsed leukaemia. Peripheral blood and aspirate cell counts reflected accurately the amount of regrowth, but not the dysplasia, seen in biopsy samples. Delayed regrowth was associated with complex individual factors. CONCLUSIONS Morphological and immunohistochemical study of trephine biopsy specimens from patients treated for acute leukaemia provides information complementary to that obtained from peripheral blood and aspirated marrow. Variation in the timing and sequence of regrowth is highlighted. Immunostaining can aid in the detection of relapse or minimal residual leukaemia. The clinical relevance of dysplastic changes in biopsy specimens after treatment is uncertain, but such changes may persist for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Southampton General Hospital
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Ryan MF, Moran A, Jones AF. The cholesterol controversy. BMJ 1992; 304:711-2. [PMID: 1571651 PMCID: PMC1881550 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.304.6828.711-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Modifications to the incubation conditions of radioimmunoradiometric assay for whole molecule parathyroid hormone (PTH) permit accurate quantification of the hormone in the peripheral circulation within 1 h of sampling. We assessed the assay intraoperatively in 75 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. Serum PTH concentration declined to less than 20% of its pre-operative value within 20 min of the successful completion of surgery provided that renal function was normal. In patients with chronic renal failure the rate of decline in serum PTH concentration after parathyroidectomy was slower in some cases. In four cases of unsuccessful parathyroidectomy, serum PTH concentration remained above 60% of its preoperative value. Intraoperative monitoring during parathyroidectomy using this rapid PTH assay offers considerable advantages to the surgeon over frozen section.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ryan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Kennedy AH, Chamberlain D, Wilson G, Ryan MF. Volatiles identified from five stages of embryo development separated from a heterogeneous suspension culture of Daucus carota. Plant Cell Rep 1991; 10:435-438. [PMID: 24221846 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Five stages of embryo development were fractionated from a mature culture of Daucus carota (Gelbe Rheinsche), using a series of metal sieves. The composition of the population of embryos in each fraction was determined quantitatively from microscopic investigations. Volatiles from samples of tissue from six stages of development were trapped on activated charcoal cartridges. These volatiles, some of which may play a significant role in the interaction of the plant with the carrot root fly (Psila rosae), were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The resulting chromatograms are arranged in order of embryo development. The progressive elaboration of the volatile profile reflects the increased biosynthetic capacity of the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Kennedy
- Department of Botany, University College, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland, UK
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