Piaggi P, Rodzevik TL, Wohlers E, Ruud K, Moon J, Krakoff J, Chang DC. Closed-loop control of air supply to whole-room indirect calorimeters to improve accuracy and standardize measurements during 24-hour dynamic metabolic studies.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023;
31:780-788. [PMID:
36788466 DOI:
10.1002/oby.23683]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to test proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control of air inflow rate in a whole-room indirect calorimeter to improve accuracy in measuring oxygen (O2 ) consumption ( V ̇ O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) production ( V ̇ CO 2 ).
METHODS
A precision gas blender infused nitrogen (N2 ) and CO2 into the calorimeter over 24 hours based on static and dynamic infusion profiles mimicking V ̇ O 2 and V ̇ CO 2 patterns during resting and non-resting conditions. Constant (60 L/min) versus time-variant flow set by a PID controller based on the CO2 concentration was compared based on errors between measured versus expected values for V ̇ O 2 , V ̇ CO 2 , respiratory exchange ratio, and metabolic rate.
RESULTS
Compared with constant inflow, the PID controller allowed both a faster rise time and long-term maintenance of a stable CO2 concentration inside the calorimeter, resulting in more accurate V ̇ CO 2 estimates (mean hourly error, PID: -0.9%, 60 L/min = -2.3%, p < 0.05) during static infusions. During dynamic infusions mimicking exercise sessions, the PID controller achieved smaller errors for V ̇ CO 2 (mean: -0.6% vs. -2.7%, p = 0.02) and respiratory exchange ratio (mean: 0.5% vs. -3.1%, p = 0.02) compared with constant inflow conditions, with similar V ̇ O 2 (p = 0.97) and metabolic rate (p = 0.76) errors.
CONCLUSIONS
PID control in a whole-room indirect calorimeter system leads to more accurate measurements of substrate oxidation during dynamic metabolic studies.
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