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Yin X, Zhao X, Lu L, Zhang L, Xing Q, Yuan R, Niu Z, Zhang L. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine development in vivo: a retrospective study. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:2113-2118. [PMID: 35972535 PMCID: PMC9617832 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe MR imaging appearances of the fetal lumbar spine in vivo at different gestational ages (GAs). METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. We collected MR images and clinical data of 93 fetuses in our hospital. All the MR images were obtained by 3-T MR. All had the mid-sagittal plane of steady state free precession sequence (Trufi) of the lumbar spine, which could show the lumbar vertebra and conus medullaris (CM). Regression analysis was made between GA and heights of lumbar vertebral body ossification center (LVBOC), lengths of LVBOC, and heights of intervertebral gap (IVG). RESULTS There were good linear correlations between the heights of LVBOC and GA (P < 0.001), lengths of LVBOC and GA (P < 0.001), and heights of IVG and GA (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We showed the different development of each LVBOC and IVG which caused the difference of the shape of LVBOC and IVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.412719.8Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- grid.412719.8Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- grid.412719.8Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingna Xing
- grid.412719.8Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- grid.412719.8Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Niu
- grid.412719.8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- grid.412719.8Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Jian N, Lin N, Tian MM, Zhang S, Li G, Zhao H, Xiao LX, Liang WJ, Lin XT. Normal development of costal element ossification centers of sacral vertebrae in the fetal spine: a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:183-93. [PMID: 30607474 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the fetal spine aimed to describe the timing of appearance, shape, volume, and relative positions of the S1-S3 costal element ossification centers (CEOCs). METHODS We obtained sagittal 3D dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 images of the entire spine in 71 fetuses (gestational ages (GAs), 17-42 weeks). Computed tomography and histological examinations were performed on two fetal specimens (GAs, 21 and 30 weeks) to validate the MR images. The presence/absence of each sacral CEOC was recorded according to the GA. CEOC volume was measured. We analyzed the CEOC position relative to the vertebral column and ilium. RESULTS The S1, S2, and S3 CEOCs first appeared at 23, 22, and 29 weeks, respectively. The S1 and S2 CEOCs could be detected in all fetuses with GAs of ≥ 30 weeks and ≥ 35 weeks, respectively, while the S3 CEOCs were variably present until term. The percentages of detection of the S1 and S2 CEOCs were significantly greater than that of the S3 CEOCs at each GA. At S1 and S2, the CEOC volume increased exponentially with GA. The relative positions of the S1 and S2 CEOCs, but not the S3 CEOCs, significantly correlated with GA (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We have described the timeline of appearance as well as the volume and position of the S1-S3 CEOCs in the fetal spine on postmortem MRI according to GA.
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Jian N, Tian MM, Xiao LX, Zhao H, Shi Y, Li G, Zhang S, Lin XT. Normal development of sacrococcygeal centrum ossification centers in the fetal spine: a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:821-833. [PMID: 29974142 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the temporal pattern of the appearance of the S1-Co1 centrum ossification centers (COCs) and provide reference data for the S1-S5 COCs and sacral length at various gestational ages (GAs). METHODS Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 71 fetuses (GA, 17-42 weeks) using the 3D dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 sequence in the sagittal plane. To confirm the reliability of this sequence, the MRI data were compared with the CT and histologic data obtained from two fetuses (GAs, 21 and 30 weeks). The presence or absence of each sacrococcygeal COC was recorded. Sacral length and S1-S5 COC height, sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, cross-sectional area, and volume were measured. RESULTS All fetuses showed S1-S3 COCs by 17 weeks, S4 COCs by 19 weeks, and S5 COCs by 28 weeks. The S4, S5, and Co-1 COCs were visualized in 70 (98.59%), 51 (71.83%), and 21 (29.58%) fetuses, respectively. Sacral length, height, sagittal, and transverse diameters increased linearly, while cross-sectional area and volume increased exponentially with advancing GA. Mean growth rates of the sagittal and transverse diameters, cross-sectional area, and volume, but not of height, significantly differed among the S1-S5 vertebrae. CONCLUSION We have presented the timing of appearance of individual sacrococcygeal COCs and the age-specific, normative MRI reference values for sacral length and the morphometric parameters of the sacral COCs, which are of clinical importance in the diagnosis of congenital sacral abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jian
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,CT Department, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 West Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Mi-Mi Tian
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Xiao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guan Li
- College of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, NO.619 Great Wall Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Lin
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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