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Powell D, Whittaker-Brooks L. Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis. Mater Horiz 2022; 9:2026-2052. [PMID: 35670455 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doping is an essential method of increasing carrier concentrations in organic electronics that eliminates the need to tailor host-dopant miscibility, a necessary step when employing molecular dopants. Self-n-doping can be accomplished using amines or ammonium counterions as an electron source, which are being incorporated into an ever-increasingly diverse range of organic materials spanning many applications. Self-n-doped materials have demonstrated exemplary and, in many cases, benchmark performances in a variety of applications. However, an in-depth review of the method is lacking. Perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores are an important mainstay in the semiconductor literature with well-known structure-function characteristics and are also one of the most widely utilized scaffolds for self-n-doping. In this review, we describe the unique properties of self-n-doped PDIs, delineate structure-function relationships, and discuss self-n-doped PDI performance in a range of applications. In particular, the impact of amine/ammonium incorporation into the PDI scaffold on doping efficiency is reviewed with regard to attachment mode, tether distance, counterion selection, and steric encumbrance. Self-n-doped PDIs are a unique set of PDI structural derivatives whose properties are amenable to a broad range of applications such as biochemistry, solar energy conversion, thermoelectric modules, batteries, and photocatalysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and the future outlook of self-n-doping principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
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Shahzadi A, Iqbal J, Akram SJ, Rasool A, El-Badry YA, Khera RA. Symmetrical end-capped molecular engineering of star-shaped triphenylamine-based derivatives having remarkable photovoltaic properties for efficient organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2022; 28:132. [PMID: 35501509 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present research work, four novel triphenylamine (TPA)-based acceptor molecules have been architectured to step up the solar efficiency of organic solar cells. The four designed molecules abbreviated as T1-T4 have a common TPA donor core and different strong electron pulling peripheral acceptor groups connected through thiophene spacers. Computational simulations of T1-T4 were performed to compute and compare their optoelectronic properties with well-known reference molecule S(TPA-DPP) designated as R in the current project. For geometric optimizations of designed molecules, MPW1PW91 functional along with a basis set of 6-31G (d, p) was enforced. Assessment of the optoelectronic features of newly reported 3-D molecules (T1-T4) has been executed through density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations. Transition density matrix (TDM) and density of state (DOS) evaluations were performed for the investigation of exciton dynamics and electronic contribution between two states. All the derived molecules exhibited admirable photovoltaic features when compared to that of the reference molecule. Amidst all these newly modified molecules, T3 manifested itself as the finest candidate having the least energy band gap (1.84 eV) and the highest λmax (865 nm) in dichloromethane solvent. Also, T1 molecule has the lowest hole reorganization energy (0.0036 eV) value. These designed candidates (T1-T4) confirm that peripheral acceptor tempering is an effectual approach for the attainment of the desirable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeza Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. .,Punjab Bio-Energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yaser A El-Badry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Javed M, Farhat A, Jabeen S, Khera RA, Khalid M, Iqbal J. Optoelectronic properties of naphthalene bis-benzimidazole based derivatives and their photovoltaic applications. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
In this review, we describe the developments in the field of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) from 2016 to the presentday. NDIs are shown to be an increasingly interesting class of molecules due to their electronic properties, large electron deficient aromatic cores and tendency to self-assemble into functional structures. Almost all NDIs possess high electron affinity, good charge carrier mobility, and excellent thermal and oxidative stability, making them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics, photovoltaic devices, and flexible displays. NDIs have also been extensively studied due to their potential real-world uses across a wide variety of applications including supramolecular chemistry, sensing, host-guest complexes for molecular switching devices, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, ion-channels, catalysis, and medicine and as non-fullerene accepters in solar cells. In recent years, NDI research with respect to supramolecular assemblies and mechanoluminescent properties has also gained considerable traction. Thus, this review will assist a wide range of readers and researchers including chemists, physicists, biologists, medicinal chemists and materials scientists in understanding the scope for development and applicability of NDI dyes in their respective fields through a discussion of the main properties of NDI derivatives and of the status of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ratan W Jadhav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Pranay P Morajkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Lathe A Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subi George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur PO, Bangalore-560064, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, South Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Genene Z, Mammo W, Wang E, Andersson MR. Recent Advances in n-Type Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1807275. [PMID: 30790384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n- and p-type polymers have emerged as promising alternatives to fullerene-based solar cells due to their unique advantages such as good chemical and electronic adjustability, and better thermal and photochemical stabilities. Rapid advances have been made in the development of n-type polymers consisting of various electron acceptor units for all-PSCs. So far, more than 200 n-type polymer acceptors have been reported. In the last seven years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs rapidly increased and has now surpassed 10%, meaning they are approaching the performance of state-of-the-art solar cells using fullerene derivatives as acceptors. This review discusses the design criteria, synthesis, and structure-property relationships of n-type polymers that have been used in all-PSCs. Additionally, it highlights the recent progress toward photovoltaic performance enhancement of binary, ternary, and tandem all-PSCs. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of all-PSCs are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 33658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
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Oh JT, Ha YH, Kwon SK, Song S, Kim JY, Kim YH, Choi H. Twisted Linker Effect on Naphthalene Diimide-Based Dimer Electron Acceptors for Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800108. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Taek Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ha
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 528-28 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 528-28 Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeong Song
- Department of Energy Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 528-28 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Yu T, Bi Z, Ma W, Li Y, Peng Q. Realizing Over 13% Efficiency in Green-Solvent-Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Based Wide-Bandgap Copolymers. Adv Mater 2018; 30. [PMID: 29210113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two novel wide-bandgap copolymers, PBDT-TDZ and PBDTS-TDZ, are developed based on 1,3,4-thiadiazole (TDZ) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) building blocks. These copolymers exhibit wide bandgaps over 2.07 eV and low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels below -5.35 eV, which match well with the typical low-bandgap acceptor of ITIC, resulting in a good complementary absorption from 300 to 900 nm and a low HOMO level offset (≤0.13 eV). Compared to PBDT-TDZ, PBDTS-TDZ with alkylthio side chains exhibits the stronger optical absorption, lower-lying HOMO level, and higher crystallinity. By using a single green solvent of o-xylene, PBDTS-TDZ:ITIC devices exhibit a large open-circuit voltage (Voc ) up to 1.10 eV and an extremely low energy loss (Eloss ) of 0.48 eV. At the same time, the desirable high short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 17.78 mA cm-2 and fill factor of 65.4% are also obtained, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.80% without any additive and post-treatment. When adopting a homotandem device architecture, the PCE is further improved to 13.35% (certified as 13.19%) with a much larger Voc of 2.13 V, which is the best value for any type of homotandem organic solar cells reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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