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Scumaci D, Olivo E, Fiumara CV, La Chimia M, De Angelis MT, Mauro S, Costa G, Ambrosio FA, Alcaro S, Agosti V, Costanzo FS, Cuda G. DJ-1 Proteoforms in Breast Cancer Cells: The Escape of Metabolic Epigenetic Misregulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091968. [PMID: 32858971 PMCID: PMC7563694 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis is a hallmark of breast cancer. In cancer cells, the high glycolytic flux induces carbonyl stress, a damaging condition in which the increase of reactive carbonyl species makes DNA, proteins, and lipids more susceptible to glycation. Together with glucose, methylglyoxal (MGO), a byproduct of glycolysis, is considered the main glycating agent. MGO is highly diffusible, enters the nucleus, and can react with easily accessible lysine- and arginine-rich tails of histones. Glycation adducts on histones undergo oxidization and further rearrange to form stable species known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This modification alters nucleosomes stability and chromatin architecture deconstructing the histone code. Formation of AGEs has been associated with cancer, diabetes, and several age-related diseases. Recently, DJ-1, a cancer-associated protein that protects cells from oxidative stress, has been described as a deglycase enzyme. Although its role in cell survival results still controversial, in several human tumors, its expression, localization, oxidation, and phosphorylation were found altered. This work aimed to explore the molecular mechanism that triggers the peculiar cellular compartmentalization and the specific post-translational modifications (PTM) that, occurring in breast cancer cells, influences the DJ-1 dual role. Using a proteomic approach, we identified on DJ-1 a novel threonine phosphorylation (T125) that was found, by the in-silico tool scansite 4, as part of a putative Akt consensus. Notably, this threonine is in addition to histidine 126, a key residue involved in the formation of catalytic triade (glu18-Cys106-His126) inside the glioxalase active site of DJ. Interestingly, we found that pharmacological modulation of Akt pathway induces a functional tuning of DJ-1 proteoforms, as well as their shuttle from cytosol to nucleus, pointing out that pathway as critical in the development of DJ-1 pro-tumorigenic abilities. Deglycase activity of DJ-1 on histones proteins, investigated by coupling 2D tau gel with LC-MS/MS and 2D-TAU (Triton-Acid-Urea)-Western blot, was found correlated with its phosphorylation status that, in turn, depends from Akt activation. In normal conditions, DJ-1 acts as a redox-sensitive chaperone and as an oxidative stress sensor. In cancer cells, glycolytic rewiring, inducing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhances AGEs products. Alongside, the moderate increase of ROS enhances Akt signaling that induces DJ-1-phosphorylation. When phosphorylated DJ-1 increases its glyoxalase activity, the level of AGEs on histones decreases. Therefore, phospho-DJ-1 prevents glycation-induced histones misregulation and its Akt-related hyperactivity represents a way to preserve the epigenome landscape sustaining proliferation of cancer cells. Together, these results shed light on an interesting mechanism that cancer cells might execute to escape the metabolic induced epigenetic misregulation that otherwise could impair their malignant proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Scumaci
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika Olivo
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Marina La Chimia
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graeciaof Catanzaro, S. Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Mauro
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.C.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valter Agosti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.A.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Costanzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CIS for Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.A.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia Universityof Catanzaro, S Venuta University Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.O.); (C.V.F.); (M.L.C.); (S.M.); (G.C.)
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D'Antona L, Dattilo V, Catalogna G, Scumaci D, Fiumara CV, Musumeci F, Perrotti G, Schenone S, Tallerico R, Spoleti CB, Costa N, Iuliano R, Cuda G, Amato R, Perrotti N. In Preclinical Model of Ovarian Cancer, the SGK1 Inhibitor SI113 Counteracts the Development of Paclitaxel Resistance and Restores Drug Sensitivity. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1045-1055. [PMID: 31163384 PMCID: PMC6545392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Paclitaxel is particularly important in the therapy of ovarian carcinomas, but the treatment efficacy is counteracted by the development of resistance to chemotherapy. The identification of target molecules that can prevent or control the development of chemoresistance might provide important tools for the management of patients affected by ovarian cancer. Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) appears to be a key determinant of resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Specifically, SGK1 affects paclitaxel sensitivity in RKO colon carcinoma cells by modulating the specificity protein 1 (SP1)–dependent expression of Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (RANBP1), a member of the GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran (RAN) network that is required for the organization and function of the mitotic spindle. SGK1 inhibition might thus be useful for counteracting the development of paclitaxel resistance. Here, we present in vitro data obtained using ovarian carcinoma cell lines that indicate that the SGK1 inhibitor SI113 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, potentiates the effects of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, counteracts the development of paclitaxel resistance, and restores paclitaxel sensitivity in paclitaxel-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells. The results were corroborated by preclinical studies of xenografts generated in nude mice through the implantation of paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. The SGK1 inhibitor SI113 synergizes with paclitaxel in the treatment of xenografted ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SGK1 inhibition should be investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia D'Antona
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Giada Catalogna
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | | | - Giuseppe Perrotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | | | - Rossana Tallerico
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Cristina B Spoleti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Nicola Costa
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro.
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro.
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