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Johnson BJ, Malanoski AP, Erickson JS. Development of a Colorimetric Sensor for Autonomous, Networked, Real-Time Application. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5857. [PMID: 33081235 DOI: 10.3390/s20205857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes an ongoing effort intended to develop wireless sensor networks for real-time monitoring of airborne targets across a broad area. The goal is to apply the spectrophotometric characteristics of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in a colorimetric array for detection and discrimination of changes in the chemical composition of environmental air samples. The work includes hardware, software, and firmware design as well as development of algorithms for identification of event occurrence and discrimination of targets. Here, we describe the prototype devices and algorithms related to this effort as well as work directed at selection of indicator arrays for use with the system. Finally, we review the field trials completed with the prototype devices and discuss the outlook for further development.
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2
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Yasir M, Dutta D, Kumar N, Willcox MDP. Interaction of the surface bound antimicrobial peptides melimine and Mel4 with Staphylococcus aureus. Biofouling 2020; 36:1019-1030. [PMID: 33161763 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1843638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melimine and Mel4 are cationic antimicrobial peptides which can resist biofilm development once bound to biomaterials. The aim of the current study was to determine the mode of action of bound melimine and Mel4 against S. aureus. The peptides were covalently attached to glass using an azidobenzoic acid linker. The amount of attached peptides was confirmed by XPS and amino acid analysis and their covalent attachment by SDS extraction. The release of autolysins after interaction of S. aureus with immobilized peptides was determined in cell free supernatants. The interaction of immobilized peptides with lipoteichoic acid was confirmed by ELISA. Membrane damage by surface bound peptides was assessed using DiSC(3)-5 (membrane potential sensitive), Syto-9 (membrane permeable) and PI (membrane impermeable) dyes with fluorescence microscopy. Release of ATP and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) was measured in the surrounding fluid. Attachment of the peptides resulted in increased N% for melimine (5.4 ± 1.8%) and for Mel4 (4.8 ± 1.8%). The concentrations of immobilised amino acids were 0.297 nmole for melimine and 0.358 nmole for Mel4. SDS extraction released < 15% of peptides from the glass. The immobilized peptides bound ≥ 4 times more LTA than control surfaces. More autolysins (8 ± 2%; p = 0.026) were released from Mel4 than melimine or control surfaces. Membrane depolarization occurred at 15 min and was associated with a reduction in bacterial viability ≥ 37% for both peptides (p < 0.001). Disruption of the membrane potential resulted in loss of ATP from melimine (0.9 ± 0.4 nM) or Mel4 (0.6 ± 0.3 nM) coated surfaces compared to control (p < 0.001). Melimine coatings yielded 27 ± 11% (p = 0.026) and Mel4 gave 17 ± 12% (p = 0.150) PI stained cells after 4 h. DNA/RNA was released only by melimine coatings (2.1 ± 0.1 times; p = 0.011) compared to process control at 6 h. Both bound peptides resulted in the release of ATP, but only melimine released DNA/RNA while Mel4-coating resulted in the release of autolysins. Since the mode of action of melimine and Mel4 relate to the cell surface, they have potential for the development of infection-resistant implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Optometry and Vision Science, Optometry School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Pardoux É, Boturyn D, Roupioz Y. Antimicrobial Peptides as Probes in Biosensors Detecting Whole Bacteria: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1998. [PMID: 32344585 PMCID: PMC7221689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is becoming a global issue due to its rapid growth. Potential new drugs as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered for several decades as promising candidates to circumvent this threat. Nonetheless, AMPs have also been used more recently in other settings such as molecular probes grafted on biosensors able to detect whole bacteria. Rapid, reliable and cost-efficient diagnostic tools for bacterial infection could prevent the spread of the pathogen from the earliest stages. Biosensors based on AMPs would enable easy monitoring of potentially infected samples, thanks to their powerful versatility and integrability in pre-existent settings. AMPs, which show a broad spectrum of interactions with bacterial membranes, can be tailored in order to design ubiquitous biosensors easily adaptable to clinical settings. This review aims to focus on the state of the art of AMPs used as the recognition elements of whole bacteria in label-free biosensors with a particular focus on the characteristics obtained in terms of threshold, volume of sample analysable and medium, in order to assess their workability in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Pardoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Yoann Roupioz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Reichart TM, Uzarski JR, Mello CM. Differential presentation of a single antimicrobial peptide is sufficient to identify LPS from distinct bacterial samples. Analyst 2019; 144:7242-7249. [PMID: 31687669 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01781j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection and identification of bacteria is important for human health, biodefense, and food safety. Small arrays of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) enable the identification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) samples from a variety of bacterial species and strains. A model system for examining how peptide presentation affects LPS detection is the sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide (SMAP-29), which contains a helix-turn-helix motif. Varying the cysteine attachment site on SMAP-29 controls the three-dimensional presentation of the peptide on the surface, altering the ability of the peptide to discriminate between LPS samples. A small array of only SMAP-29 variants-and no other peptides-is capable of discriminating among LPS samples from multiple bacterial species, as well as between different strains within the same species, with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Reichart
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Joshua R Uzarski
- CB Innovative Material and Ensemble Development Team, Combat Capabilities Development Command, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Charlene M Mello
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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Johnson BJ, Taitt CR, Gleaves A, North SH, Malanoski AP, Leska IA, Archibong E, Monk SM. Porphyrin-modified antimicrobial peptide indicators for detection of bacteria. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shriver-Lake LC, Anderson GP, Taitt CR. Oriented Peptide Immobilization on Microspheres. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1352:183-97. [PMID: 26490476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible immobilization of peptides and proteins on microsphere surfaces is a critical factor for optimal sensitivity and selectivity in bead-based assays. However, peptides with unusually large numbers of lysine residues-whose amines are targeted in the most common microsphere immobilization chemistries-may be particularly challenging to use in bead-based arrays, as they may lose activity through multipoint attachments and incorrect presentation. For this reason, it is imperative to achieve site-directed attachment chemistry, such that a single site of attachment provides reproducibly oriented peptides on the microsphere surface. This can be achieved by inserting a unique targetable residue, such as a cysteine. Here, we present methods for attaching cysteine-containing peptides to standard carboxy-functionalized microsphere surfaces using thiol- rather than amine-directed chemistries. We show that the presence of a cationic detergent (CTAB) and a "passivating" agent such as β-mercaptoethanol facilitates improved bead recovery after peptide immobilization and may enhance functionality of the attached peptides.
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North SH, Taitt CR. Secondary Structure Determination of Peptides and Proteins After Immobilization. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1352:35-50. [PMID: 26490466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The presentation of immobilized peptides and other small biomolecules attached to surfaces can be greatly affected by the attachment chemistry and linking moieties, resulting in altered activity and specificity. For this reason, it is critical to understand how the various aspects of surface immobilization-underlying substrate properties, tether structure, and site of linkage-affect the secondary and quaternary structures of the immobilized species. Here, we present methods for attaching cysteine-containing peptides to quartz surfaces and determining the secondary structure of surface-immobilized peptides. We specifically show that, even when covalently immobilized, changes in peptide conformation can still occur, with measurement occurring in real time.
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North SH, Taitt CR. Application of circular dichroism for structural analysis of surface-immobilized cecropin A interacting with lipoteichoic acid. Langmuir 2015; 31:10791-10798. [PMID: 26362347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials integrating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for improved pathogen detection or use as therapeutic agents requires an understanding of how a peptide may behave once immobilized. Here, we use a combination of circular dichroism and capture assays to assess the structure-function relationship of the cationic amphipathic AMP, cecropin A (cecA), upon interaction with Gram-positive lipoteichoic acids (LTAs). In solution, cecA peptides underwent a change from a largely unstructured conformation in water to structures with significant α-helical content in the presence of both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus LTAs. After surface immobilization, cecA peptides attached by either C- or N-terminus were able to capture both LTAs as well as to undergo conformational changes in the presence of SDS similar to those observed in solution. However, in spite of demonstrated LTA binding activity and the ability to undergo conformational changes (i.e., with SDS), no structural changes were observed when cecA immobilized by its N-terminus was treated with either LTA preparation. On the other hand, cecA immobilized by its C-terminus underwent a conformational change in the presence of S. aureus, but not B. subtilis, LTA. These results indicate that after immobilization recognition of different targets by cationic AMPs may occur by mechanisms quite different from those in solution and that selectivity of these mechanisms is further dependent on the orientation of the immobilized peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella H North
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Chris R Taitt
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunliang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Wang Z, Han X, He N, Chen Z, Brooks CL. Molecular Structures of C- and N-Terminus Cysteine Modified Cecropin P1 Chemically Immobilized onto Maleimide-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5670-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5023482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zunliang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and
Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Wang XJ, Zhou LJ, Zhu XJ, Gu K, Wu J, Li TM, Yuan L, Cao RY. Detection of antibodies against customized epitope: use of a coating antigen employing VEGF as fusion partner. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6659-66. [PMID: 24595426 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of many infectious, autoimmune diseases and cancers depends on the detection of specific antibodies against peptide epitope by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, small peptides are difficult to be coated on the plate surfaces. In this study, we selected GnRH as a model hapten to evaluate whether VEGF121 would be suitable as an irrelevant hapten-carrier to develop a universal platform for specific antibodies detection. Firstly, GnRH was fused to the C terminus of VEGF121 and the resultant fusion protein VEGF-GnRH expressed effectively as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Thereafter, VEGF-GnRH was easily purified to near homogeneity with a yield of about 235 mg from 2.1 L induced culture. At last, VEGF-GnRH was used to perform ELISA and western blot, and our results suggested that VEGF-GnRH was capable of detecting anti-GnRH antibodies in sera both qualitatively and quantitatively. Indeed, previous studies of our laboratory had demonstrated that other fusion proteins such as VEGF-Aβ10, VEGF-GRP, VEGF-CETPC, and VEGF-βhCGCTP37 were able to detect their corresponding antibodies specifically. Therefore, VEGF121 may be a suitable irrelevant fusion partner of important diagnostic peptide markers. Our works would shed some light on the development of a universal platform for detection of specific antibodies.
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12
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Han X, Liu Y, Wu FG, Jansensky J, Kim T, Wang Z, Brooks CL, Wu J, Xi C, Mello CM, Chen Z. Different Interfacial Behaviors of Peptides Chemically Immobilized on Surfaces with Different Linker Lengths and via Different Termini. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2904-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlene M. Mello
- Bioscience and Technology Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, & Engineering Center, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
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13
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Shriver-lake LC, North SH, Taitt CR. Loss of cationic peptides with agarose gel-immobilized tris[2- carboxyethyl]phosphine (TCEP). Biotechniques 2013; 55:292-4. [DOI: 10.2144/000114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Shriver-Lake LC, North SH, Dean SN, Taitt CR. Antimicrobial Peptides for Detection and Diagnostic Assays. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/5346_2012_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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