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Kahan BC, Hindley J, Edwards M, Cro S, Morris TP. The estimands framework: a primer on the ICH E9(R1) addendum. BMJ 2024; 384:e076316. [PMID: 38262663 PMCID: PMC10802140 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan C Kahan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Joanna Hindley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Mark Edwards
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Suzie Cro
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim P Morris
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
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