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He Q, Briscoe J. Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Technologies: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Multifunctional Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38739105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesters have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to convert ambient mechanical vibrations into electrical energy, which opens up new possibilities for environmental monitoring, asset tracking, portable technologies and powering remote "Internet of Things (IoT)" nodes and sensors. This review explores various aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesters, discussing the structural designs and fabrication techniques including inorganic-based energy harvesters (i.e., piezoelectric ceramics and ZnO nanostructures) and organic-based energy harvesters (i.e., polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers). The factors affecting the performance and several strategies to improve the efficiency of devices have been also explored. In addition, this review also demonstrated the progress in flexible energy harvesters with integration of flexibility and stretchability for next-generation wearable technologies used for body motion and health monitoring devices. The applications of the above devices to harvest various forms of mechanical energy are explored, as well as the discussion on perspectives and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrong He
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, the United Kindom
| | - Joe Briscoe
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, the United Kindom
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Umesh, Bera S, Bhattacharya S. Dual Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) and Piezoelectric Responses in Self-Assembled Chiral Nanostructures Derived from a Dipeptide Based Piezorganogel. Small 2023:e2308104. [PMID: 37955918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation medical and consumer electrical devices require soft, flexible materials. Piezoelectric materials, capable of converting mechanical stress into electrical energy, are of interest across various fields. Chiral nanostructures, with inherent chirality, have emerged as potential piezoelectric materials. Peptide-based materials, known for self-assembly and stimuli responsiveness, hold promise for the utilization of chiral nanostructures. When combined with luminescent chromophores, peptides can generate aggregation-induced chiroptical effects like Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) and Circular Dichroism (CD). In this study, a chiral organogel, L,L-1 is synthesized, and its self-assembly, mechanical properties, and chiroptical features are examined. The organogel exhibits thermo-reversible and thixotropic behavior, forming fibrillar networks and 2D-sheets upon cooling. CD spectroscopy reveals aggregation-induced chirality on pyrene chromophore, resulting in CPL with glum values of 3.0 (± 0.2) × 10-3 and 3.1 (± 0.2) × 10-3 for L,L-1 and D,D-1, respectively. Notably, the 2D-sheets exhibit an enhanced piezoelectric response (d33 ≈76.0 pm V-1 ) compared to the fibrillar network (d33 ≈64.1 pm V-1 ). Introducing an electron-deficient molecule into the solution forms a Charge-transfer (CT) complex, modulating the piezoelectric response to d33 ≈52.44 pm V-1 . This study offers a promising approach to optoelectronics design, presenting a chiral system with both CPL and piezoelectric responses, opening new possibilities for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sayan Bera
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, 517619, India
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Meng S, Wang N, Cao X. Built-In Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Promote Sustainable and Flexible Supercapacitors: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6916. [PMID: 37959515 PMCID: PMC10647822 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage devices such as supercapacitors (SCs), if equipped with built-in energy harvesters such as piezoelectric nanogenerators, will continuously power wearable electronics and become important enablers of the future Internet of Things. As wearable gadgets become flexible, energy items that can be fabricated with greater compliance will be crucial, and designing them with sustainable and flexible strategies for future use will be important. In this review, flexible supercapacitors designed with built-in nanogenerators, mainly piezoelectric nanogenerators, are discussed in terms of their operational principles, device configuration, and material selection, with a focus on their application in flexible wearable electronics. While the structural design and materials selection are highlighted, the current shortcomings and challenges in the emerging field of nanogenerators that can be integrated into flexible supercapacitors are also discussed to make wearable devices more comfortable and sustainable. We hope this work may provide references, future directions, and new perspectives for the development of electrochemical power sources that can charge themselves by harvesting mechanical energy from the ambient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Sahoo A, Paul T, Nath A, Maiti S, Kumar P, Ghosh P, Banerjee R. Preferential perovskite surface-termination induced high piezoresponse in lead-free in situ fabricated Cs 3Bi 2Br 9-PVDF nanocomposites promotes biomechanical energy harvesting. Nanoscale 2023. [PMID: 37377099 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01517c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free halide perovskites have gained immense popularity in photovoltaic and energy harvesting applications because of their excellent optical and electrical attributes with minimal toxicity. We synthesized composite films of lead-free Cs3Bi2Br9 perovskite embedded in the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix and have investigated their piezoelectric energy harvesting. Five PVDF@Cs3Bi2Br9 composite films were fabricated with varying wt% of the perovskite in the PVDF. The composite with a 4 wt% of the perovskite shows 85% activation of the electroactive β-phase of PVDF. Additionally, this composite exhibits a maximum polarisation of ∼0.1 μC cm-2 and the best energy storage density of ∼0.8 mJ cm-3 at an applied field of ∼16 kV cm-1 among all the synthesized composites. A nanogenerator fabricated using 4 wt% loading in the composite film produced an instantaneous output voltage of ∼40 V, an instantaneous current of ∼4.1 μA, and a power density of ∼17.8 μW cm-2 across 10 MΩ resistance when repeatedly hammered by the human hand. The nanogenerator is further employed to light up several LEDs and to charge capacitors with a small active area demonstrating significant promise for prospective wearables and portable devices and paving the way for high-performance nanogenerators using lead-free halide perovskites. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the interaction of the electroactive phase of the PVDF with different perovskite surface terminations to unravel the various interaction mechanisms and their ensuing charge transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Tufan Paul
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Ankan Nath
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Soumen Maiti
- St. Thomas Colleges of Engineering & Technology, Kolkata 700023, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rupak Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
- K C Patel Centre for Sustainable Development, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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Hu X, Bao X, Zhang M, Fang S, Liu K, Wang J, Liu R, Kim SH, Baughman RH, Ding J. Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube-Based Energy Harvesting Technologies. Adv Mater 2023:e2303035. [PMID: 37209369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There has been enormous interest in technologies that generate electricity from ambient energy such as solar, thermal, and mechanical energy, due to their potential for providing sustainable solutions to the energy crisis. One driving force behind the search for new energy-harvesting technologies is the desire to power sensor networks and portable devices without batteries, such as self-powered wearable electronics, human health monitoring systems, and implantable wireless sensors. Various energy harvesting technologies have been demonstrated in recent years. Among them, electrochemical, hydroelectric, triboelectric, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric nanogenerators have been extensively studied because of their special physical properties, ease of application, and sometimes high obtainable efficiency. Multifunctional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much interest in energy harvesting because of their exceptionally high gravimetric power outputs and recently obtained high energy conversion efficiencies. Further development of this field, however, still requires an in-depth understanding of harvesting mechanisms and boosting of the electrical outputs for wider applications. Here, various CNT-based energy harvesting technologies are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on working principles, typical examples, and future improvements. The last section discusses the existing challenges and future directions of CNT-based energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Hu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Bao
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kangyu Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Runmin Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Shi Hyeong Kim
- Department of Advanced Textile R&D, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics & School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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Jiang F, Zhou X, Lv J, Chen J, Chen J, Kongcharoen H, Zhang Y, Lee PS. Stretchable, Breathable, and Stable Lead-Free Perovskite/Polymer Nanofiber Composite for Hybrid Triboelectric and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200042. [PMID: 35231951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Halide-perovskite-based mechanical energy harvesters display excellent electrical output due to their unique ferroelectricity and dielectricity. However, their high toxicity and moisture sensitivity impede their practical applications. Herein, a stretchable, breathable, and stable nanofiber composite (LPPS-NFC) is fabricated through electrospinning of lead-free perovskite/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). The Cs3 Bi2 Br9 perovskites serve as efficient electron acceptors and local nucleating agents for the crystallization of polymer chains, thereby enhancing the electron-trapping capacity and polar crystalline phase in LPPS-NFC. The excellent energy level matching between Cs3 Bi2 Br9 and PVDF-HFP boosts the electron transfer efficiency and reduces the charge loss, thereby promoting the electron-trapping process. Consequently, this LPPS-NFC-based energy harvester displays an excellent electrical output (400 V, 1.63 µA cm-2 , and 2.34 W m-2 ), setting a record of the output voltage among halide-perovskite-based nanogenerators. The LPPS-NFC also exhibits excellent stretchability, waterproofness, and breathability, enabling the fabrication of robust wearable devices that convert mechanical energy from different biomechanical motions into electrical power to drive common electronic devices. The LPPS-NFC-based energy harvesters also endure extreme mechanical deformations (washing, folding, and crumpling) without performance degradation, and maintain stable electrical output up to 5 months, demonstrating their promising potential for use as smart textiles and wearable power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Juntong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haruethai Kongcharoen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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