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Yu C, Li J, Zang P, Feng L, Tian B, Zhao R, Xie Y, Wu L, Chen Z, Yang P. A Functional "Key" Amplified Piezoelectric Effect Modulates ROS Storm with an Open Source for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Small 2024:e2401931. [PMID: 38708707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a non-invasive strategy for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is promising for cancer treatment. However, increasing ROS in tumor therapy remains challenging. Therefore, exogenous excitation and inhibition of electron-hole pair recombination are attractive for modulating ROS storms in tumors. Herein, a Ce-doped BiFeO3 (CBFO) piezoelectric sonosensitizer to modulate ROS generation and realize a synergistic mechanism of CDT/sonodynamic therapy and piezodynamic therapy (PzDT) is proposed. The mixed Fe2+ and Ce3+ can implement a circular Fenton/Fenton-like reaction in the tumor microenvironment. Abundant ·OH can be generated by ultrasound (US) stimulation to enhance CDT efficacy. As a typical piezoelectric sonosensitizer, CBFO can produce O2 - owing to the enhanced polarization by the US, resulting in the motion of charge carriers. In addition, CBFO can produce a piezoresponse irradiated upon US, which accelerates the migration rate of electrons/holes in opposite directions and results in energy band bending, further achieving toxic ROS production and realizing PzDT. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Ce doping shortens the diffusion of electrons and improves the conductivity and catalytic activity of CBFO. This distinct US-enhanced strategy emphasizes the effects of doping engineering and piezoelectric-optimized therapy and shows great potential for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Boshi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Linzhi Wu
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Li M, Liu M, Yu Q, Ge D, Zhang J. Metal-Organic Framework Nanomaterials as a Medicine for Catalytic Tumor Therapy: Recent Advances. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:797. [PMID: 38727391 PMCID: PMC11085591 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, with unique physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, have attracted significant attention as an emerging active platform in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Amongst them, metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures are particularly promising as a nanomedicine due to their exceptional surface functionalities, adsorption properties, and organo-inorganic hybrid characteristics. Furthermore, when bioactive substances are integrated into the structure of MOFs, these materials can be used as anti-tumor agents with superior performance compared to traditional nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in MOFs-based materials for tumor therapy, including their application in cancer treatment and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Maosong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Dengfeng Ge
- Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, 31 Ji’nan Rd, Dongying 257034, China;
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Xia T, Zhu Y, Li K, Hao K, Chai Y, Jiang H, Lou C, Yu J, Yang W, Wang J, Deng J, Wang Z. Microneedles loaded with cerium-manganese oxide nanoparticles for targeting macrophages in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:103. [PMID: 38468261 PMCID: PMC10926598 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent inflammatory autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation and joint damage with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Current treatment modalities for RA have significant limitations, including poor bioavailability, severe side effects, and inadequate targeting of inflamed joints. Herein, we synthesised cerium/manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as efficient drug carriers with antioxidant and catalytic-like functions that can eliminate ROS to facilitate the polarization of macrophages phenotype from M1 to M2 and alleviate inflammation. Methotrexate (MTX), a first-line RA medication, was loaded into the NPs, which were further modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and integrated into dissolving hyaluronic acid-based microneedles (MNs) for transdermal delivery. RESULT This innovative approach significantly enhanced drug delivery efficiency, reduced RA inflammation, and successfully modulated macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. CONCLUSION This research not only presents a promising drug delivery strategy for RA but also contributes broadly to the field of immune disease treatment by offering an advanced approach for macrophage phenotypic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital ,Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital ,Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital ,Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yingqian Chai
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Lou
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junjie Deng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital ,Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China.
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Cao X, Feng N, Huang Q, Liu Y. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks and Nanoscale Coordination Polymers: From Synthesis to Cancer Therapy and Biomedical Imaging. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024. [PMID: 38382060 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been significant interest in nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) characterized by ordered crystal structures and nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) featuring amorphous structures. These structures arise from the coordination interactions between inorganic metal ions or clusters and organic ligands. Their advantages, such as the ability to tailor composition and structure, efficiently encapsulate diverse therapeutic or imaging agents within porous frameworks, inherent biodegradability, and surface functionalization capability, position them as promising carriers in the biomedical fields. This review provides an overview of the synthesis and surface modification strategies employed for NMOFs and NCPs, along with their applications in cancer treatment and biological imaging. Finally, future directions and challenges associated with the utilization of NMOFs and NCPs in cancer treatment and diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nana Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Sahoo R, Pramanik B, Mondal S, Das MC. A Highly Chemically Robust 3D Interpenetrated MOF Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines and Drug Molecules. Small 2024:e2309281. [PMID: 38191986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted immense attention as efficient heterogeneous catalysts over other solid catalysts, however, their chemical environment instability often limits their catalytic potential. Herein, utilizing a flexible unexplored tetra-acid ligand and employing the mixed ligand approach, a 3D interpenetrated robust framework is strategically developed, IITKGP-51 (IITKGP stands for Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur), which retained its crystallinity over a wide range of pH solution (4-12). Having ample open metal sites (OMSs), IITKGP-51 is explored as a heterogeneous catalyst in one-pot Hantzsch condensation reaction, with low catalyst loading for a broad range of substrates. The synthesis of drug molecules remains one of the most significant and emergent areas of organic and medicinal chemistry. Considering such practical utility, biologically important Nemadipine B and Nifedipine drug molecules (calcium channel protein inhibitor) are synthesized for the first time by using this catalyst and fully characterized via SC-XRD and other spectroscopic methods. This report inaugurates the usage of a MOF material as a catalyst for the synthesis of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Bikram Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Supriya Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Madhab C Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Fan Y, Chen D, Chen L, Liu K, Zheng Y, Li L, Li J, Lin H, Gao J. Fluorinated Iron Metal-Organic Frameworks for Activatable 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Tumors. Nano Lett 2023; 23:11989-11998. [PMID: 38064383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to their appealing physiochemical properties, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely employed in biomedical fields. In this study, we utilize ferric ions and fluorine-containing organic ligands as both structural and functional units to develop a stimulus-responsive nanoagent, 19FIMOF-TA nanoparticles, for activatable 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and synergistic therapy of tumors. This nanoagent could respond to excess GSH in a tumor microenvironment, discharging fluorinated organic ligands and reduced ferrous ions. The release of these fluorine-containing small molecules results in boosting of the 19F MRI signals, which could be further enhanced by the photothermal effect of this nanoagent to achieve a responsive cascaded amplification of 19F MRI signals for tumor visualization. Meanwhile, ferroptosis promoted by the ferrous ions leads to significant tumor cell death, which is synergistically aggravated by the photothermal effect. The encouraging results illustrate the promising potential of our nanoagent for effective tumor imaging and combinative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Hao JN, Ge K, Chen G, Dai B, Li Y. Strategies to engineer various nanocarrier-based hybrid catalysts for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7707-7736. [PMID: 37874584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a newly developed cancer-therapeutic modality that kills cancer cells by the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generated from the in situ triggered Fenton/Fenton-like reactions in an acidic and H2O2-overproduced tumor microenvironment (TME). By taking the advantage of the TME-activated catalytic reaction, CDT enables a highly specific and minimally-invasive cancer treatment without external energy input, whose efficiency mainly depends on the reactant concentrations of both the catalytic ions and H2O2, and the reaction conditions (including pH, temperature, and amount of glutathione). Unfortunately, it suffers from unsatisfactory therapy efficiency for clinical application because of the limited activators (i.e., mild acid pH and insufficient H2O2 content) and overexpressed reducing substance in TME. Currently, various synergistic strategies have been elaborately developed to increase the CDT efficiency by regulating the TME, enhancing the catalytic efficiency of catalysts, or combining with other therapeutic modalities. To realize these strategies, the construction of diverse nanocarriers to deliver Fenton catalysts and cooperatively therapeutic agents to tumors is the key prerequisite, which is now being studied but has not been thoroughly summarized. In particular, nanocarriers that can not only serve as carriers but are also active themselves for therapy are recently attracting increasing attention because of their less risk of toxicity and metabolic burden compared to nanocarriers without therapeutic capabilities. These therapy-active nanocarriers well meet the requirements of an ideal therapy system with maximum multifunctionality but minimal components. From this new perspective, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the very recent research progress on nanocarrier-based systems for enhanced CDT and the strategies of how to integrate various Fenton agents into the nanocarriers, with particular focus on the studies of therapy-active nanocarriers for the construction of CDT catalysts, aiming to guide the design of nanosystems with less components and more functionalities for enhanced CDT. Finally, the challenges and prospects of such a burgeoning cancer-theranostic modality are outlooked to provide inspirations for the further development and clinical translation of CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Hao
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kaiming Ge
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guoli Chen
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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