1
|
Liang YF, Yang JY, Shen YD, Xu ZL, Wang H. A breakthrough of immunoassay format for hapten: recent insights into noncompetitive immunoassays to detect small molecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38356229 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassay based on the antibodies specific for targets has advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost, therefore it has received more attention in recent years, especially for the rapid detection of small molecule chemicals present in foods, diagnostics and environments. However, limited by low molecular weight and only one antigenic determinant existed, immunoassays for these small molecule chemicals, namely hapten substances, were commonly performed in a competitive immunoassay format, whose sensitivities were obviously lower than the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay generally adaptable for the protein targets. In order to break through the bottleneck of detection format, researchers have designed and established several novel noncompetitive immunoassays for the haptens in the past few years. In this review, we focused on the four representative types of noncompetitive immunoassay formats and described their characteristics and applications in rapid detection of small molecules. Meanwhile, a systematic discussion on the current technologies challenges and the possible solutions were also summarized. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state-of-the-art in noncompetitive immunoassay for small molecules, and inspire the development of novel designs for small molecule detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Z, Liu X, Zong C, Zhang Q, Gai H. Homogeneous immunoassay utilizing fluorescence resonance energy transfer from quantum dots to tyramide dyes deposited on full immunocomplexes. Analyst 2023; 148:4877-4884. [PMID: 37642356 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for homogeneous immunoassays that offer sufficient sensitivity for routine clinical practice. In this study, we have developed a highly sensitive, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based homogeneous immunoassay. Unlike previous FRET-based homogeneous immunoassays, where acceptors were attached to antibody molecules located far from the donor, we employed acceptors to label the entire sandwich-structured immunocomplex, including two antibodies and one antigen. As a result, the FRET signal was amplified by a factor of 10, owing to the reduced distance between the donor and acceptors. We validated our method by quantifying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in PBS buffer and blank plasma. The limits of detection (LOD) for CEA and AFP in both PBS buffer and blank plasma were comparable, reaching sub-femtomolar levels. Furthermore, we successfully quantified CEA and AFP in three human plasma samples, thereby confirming the reliability of our method for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenghua Zong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongwei Gai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rani AQ, Zhu B, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Recent progress in homogeneous immunosensors based on fluorescence or bioluminescence using antibody engineering. Analyst 2023; 148:1422-1429. [PMID: 36916979 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous immunosensors integrate the advantages of both biosensors and immunoassays; they include speed, high sensitivity, and accuracy. They have been developed rapidly in the past few years and offer a cost-effective alternative technology with rapidity, sensitivity, and user-friendliness, which has been applied in a wide variety of applications. This review introduces the current directions of immunosensor development, focusing on fluorescent and bioluminescent immunosensors and highlighting the advantages, improvements, and key approaches to overcome the limitations of each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qawee Rani
- Moon Creative Lab Inc., 3-10-5 Kitaaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0061, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McArthur N, Cruz-Teran C, Thatavarty A, Reeves GT, Rao BM. Experimental and Analytical Framework for "Mix-and-Read" Assays Based on Split Luciferase. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24551-24560. [PMID: 35874239 PMCID: PMC9301641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunodetection assays including the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in applications such as point-of-care detection is often limited by the need for protein immobilization and multiple binding and washing steps. Here, we describe an experimental and analytical framework for the development of simple and modular "mix-and-read" enzymatic complementation assays based on split luciferase that enable sensitive detection and quantification of analytes in solution. In this assay, two engineered protein binders targeting nonoverlapping epitopes on the target analyte were each fused to nonactive fragments of luciferase to create biosensor probes. Binding proteins to two model targets, lysozyme and Sso6904, were isolated from a combinatorial library of Sso7d mutants using yeast surface display. In the presence of the analyte, probes were brought into close proximity, reconstituting enzymatic activity of luciferase and enabling detection of low picomolar concentrations of the analyte by chemiluminescence. Subsequently, we constructed an equilibrium binding model that relates binding affinities of the binding proteins for the target, assay parameters such as the concentrations of probes used, and assay performance (limit of detection and concentration range over which the target can be quantified). Overall, our experimental and analytical framework provides the foundation for the development of split luciferase assays for detection and quantification of various targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki McArthur
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Carlos Cruz-Teran
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Apoorva Thatavarty
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory T. Reeves
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Balaji M. Rao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Golden
LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue Y, Chen J, Zhang M, Yin Y, Dong Y. Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Vegetables and Fruit by an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ic-ELISA) and a Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic (LFIC) Strip Assay. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2023170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangyan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingjiang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingai Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohmuro-Matsuyama Y, Ueda H. Homogeneous Noncompetitive Luminescent Immunodetection of Small Molecules by Ternary Protein Fragment Complementation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3001-3004. [PMID: 29446920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The homogeneous immunological detection of small molecules at high sensitivity is still a daunting task. Here, we tried sensitive noncompetitive detection of small peptides based on the open-sandwich immunoassay principle, which was combined with a bioluminescent protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) in vitro. Since the detection of antigen-induced approximation of the two antibody variable region fragments VH and VL by the standard Nanoluc-based PCA utilizing larger (LgBiT) and shorter (SmBiT) fragments was not successful, we decided to further split LgBiT into two, yielding smaller N-terminal derivative (LnBiT) and two C-terminal, 11 residue peptides (LcBiT and SmBiT) corresponding to consecutive beta strands, to which VH and VL were each fused and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Through the optimization of reaction conditions and peptide sequence, the antigen osteocalcin peptide can be noncompetitively detected with a low background signal and limit of detection, yielding a high light emission of 88% compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. Since the luminescence of this open sandwich bioluminescent immunoassay (OS-BLIA) can be observed with the naked eye, it could become the foundation of many point-of-care detection systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smirnova DV, Ugarova NN. Firefly Luciferase-based Fusion Proteins and their Applications in Bioanalysis. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:436-447. [PMID: 27796044 DOI: 10.1111/php.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Firefly luciferase is widely used in molecular biology and bioanalytical systems as a reporter molecule due to the high quantum yield of the bioluminescence, availability of stable mutant forms of the enzyme with prescribed spectral characteristics and abundance of bacterial expression systems suitable for production of recombinant proteins in limitless quantities. In this review, we described fusion proteins of luciferase with biotin-binding domain and streptavidin, with proteins A and G, antibodies, with DNA- and RNA-binding proteins, as well as fusion proteins designed for BRET systems. The firefly luciferase-based fusion proteins are represented as an effective tool for the development of different bioanalytical systems such as (1) systems in which luciferase is attached to the surface of the target and the bioluminescence signal is detected from the specific complexes formed; (2) BRET-based systems, in which the specific interaction induces changes in the bioluminescence spectrum; and (3) systems that use modified or split luciferases, in which the luciferase activity changes under the action of the analyte. All these systems have wide application in biochemical analysis of physiologically important compounds, for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, for evaluation of protein-protein interactions, assaying of metabolites involved in cell communication and cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Ugarova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu X, Wen K, Wang Z, Zhang X, Li C, Zhang S, Shen J. General Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Homogeneous Immunoassay for Small Molecules Based on Quantum Dots. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3512-20. [PMID: 26948147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a general bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) homogeneous immunoassay based on quantum dots (QDs) as the acceptor and Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as the donor (QD-BRET) for the determination of small molecules. The ratio of the donor-acceptor that could produce energy transfer varied in the presence of different concentrations of free enrofloxacin (ENR), an important small molecule in food safety. The calculated Förster distance (R0) was 7.86 nm. Under optimized conditions, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for ENR was less than 1 ng/mL and the linear range covered 4 orders of magnitude (0.023 to 25.60 ng/mL). The cross-reactivities (CRs) of seven representative fluoroquinolones (FQs) were similar to the data obtained by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The average intra- and interassay recoveries from spiked milk of were 79.8-118.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10%, meeting the requirement of residue detection, which was a satisfactory result. Furthermore, we compared the influence of different luciferase substrates on the performance of the assay. Considering sensitivity and stability, coelenterazine-h was the most appropriate substrate. The results from this study will enable better-informed decisions on the choice of Rluc substrate for QD-BRET systems. For the future, the QD-BRET immunosensor could easily be extended to other small molecules and thus represents a versatile strategy in food safety, the environment, clinical diagnosis, and other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
AIgG anchored LC microdroplets showing configurational transition from radial (a) to bipolar (b) upon interaction with IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyubae Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kailash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
- Polymer Research Laboratory
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Nowadays luciferases are effectively used as analytical instruments in a great variety of research fields. Of special interest are the studies dealing with elaboration of novel analytical systems for the purposes of medical diagnostics. The ever-expanding spectrum of clinically important analytes accounts for the increasing demand for new techniques for their detection. In this chapter we have made an attempt to summarize the results on applications of luciferases as reporters in binding assays including immunoassay, nucleic acid hybridization assay, and so on. The data over the last 15 years have been analyzed and clearly show that luciferase-based assays, due to extremely high sensitivity, low cost, and the lack of need for skilled personnel, hold much promise for clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging of live cells has recently been recognized as an important alternative to fluorescence imaging. Fluorescent probes are much brighter than bioluminescent probes (luciferase enzymes) and, therefore, provide much better spatial and temporal resolution and much better contrast for delineating cell structure. However, with bioluminescence imaging there is virtually no background or toxicity. As a result, bioluminescence can be superior to fluorescence for detecting and quantifying molecules and their interactions in living cells, particularly in long-term studies. Structurally diverse luciferases from beetle and marine species have been used for a wide variety of applications, including tracking cells in vivo, detecting protein-protein interactions, measuring levels of calcium and other signaling molecules, detecting protease activity, and reporting circadian clock gene expression. Such applications can be optimized by the use of brighter and variously colored luciferases, brighter microscope optics, and ultrasensitive, low-noise cameras. This article presents a review of how bioluminescence differs from fluorescence, its applications to cellular imaging, and available probes, optics, and detectors. It also gives practical suggestions for optimal bioluminescence imaging of single cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Cui X, Liu M, Li B. Homogeneous fluorescence-based immunoassay via inner filter effect of gold nanoparticles on fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots. Analyst 2012; 137:3293-9. [PMID: 22655288 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous immunoassays are becoming more and more attractive for modern medical diagnosis because they are superior to heterogeneous immunoassays in sample and reagent consumption, analysis time, portability and disposability. Herein, a universal platform for homogeneous immunoassay, using human immunoglobulin (IgG) as a model analyte, has been developed. This assay relies upon the inner filter effect (IFE) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on CdTe QDs fluorescence. The immunoreaction of antigen and antibody can induce the aggregation of antibody-functionalized AuNPs, and after aggregation the IFE of AuNPs on CdTe QDs fluorescence is greatly enhanced, resulting in a decrease of fluorescence intensity in the system. Based on this phenomenon, a wide dynamic range of 1-100 pg mL(-1) for determination of IgG can be obtained. The proposed method shows a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL(-1) for human IgG, which is much lower than the corresponding absorbance-based approach and compares favorably with other reported fluorescent methods. This immunoassay method is simple, rapid, cheap, and sensitive. The proposed method has been successfully applied to measuring IgG in serum samples, and the obtained results agreed well with those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Couturier C, Deprez B. Setting Up a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer High throughput Screening Assay to Search for Protein/Protein Interaction Inhibitors in Mammalian Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:100. [PMID: 22973258 PMCID: PMC3438444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Each step of the cell life and its response or adaptation to its environment are mediated by a network of protein/protein interactions termed "interactome." Our knowledge of this network keeps growing due to the development of sensitive techniques devoted to study these interactions. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique was primarily developed to allow the dynamic monitoring of protein/protein interactions (PPI) in living cells, and has widely been used to study receptor activation by intra- or extra-molecular conformational changes within receptors and activated complexes in mammal cells. Some interactions are described as crucial in human pathological processes, and a new class of drugs targeting them has recently emerged. The BRET method is well suited to identify inhibitors of PPI and here is described why and how to set up and optimize a high throughput screening assay based on BRET to search for such inhibitory compounds. The different parameters to take into account when developing such BRET assays in mammal cells are reviewed to give general guidelines: considerations on the targeted interaction, choice of BRET version, inducibility of the interaction, kinetic of the monitored interaction, and of the BRET reading, influence of substrate concentration, number of cells and medium composition used on the Z' factor, and expected interferences from colored or fluorescent compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Couturier
- Univ Lille Nord de FranceLille, France
- INSERM U761, Biostructures and Drug DiscoveryLille, France
- Université du Droit et de la Santé de LilleLille, France
- Institut Pasteur LilleLille, France
- Pôle de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le MédicamentLille, France
- *Correspondence: Cyril Couturier, UMR 761, Biostructure and Drug Discovery, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille 2, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, 59000 Lille, France. e-mail:
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ Lille Nord de FranceLille, France
- INSERM U761, Biostructures and Drug DiscoveryLille, France
- Université du Droit et de la Santé de LilleLille, France
- Institut Pasteur LilleLille, France
- Pôle de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le MédicamentLille, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anfossi L, D’Arco G, Calderara M, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Giraudi G. Development of a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxins in maize. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:226-34. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.540763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Anfossi L, Calderara M, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Arletti E, Giraudi G. Development and application of a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for fumonisins in maize. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Xie C, Dong C, Ren J. Study on homogeneous competitive immune reaction by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: Using synthetic peptide as antigen. Talanta 2009; 79:971-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Gammon ST, Villalobos VM, Roshal M, Samrakandi M, Piwnica-Worms D. Rational design of novel red-shifted BRET pairs: Platforms for real-time single-chain protease biosensors. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:559-69. [PMID: 19330851 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) systems to date have been dominated by use of blue-green Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as the energy donor. Although effective in many cases, the expense and unfavorable biochemical attributes of the substrate (phenylcoelenterazine) limit utility of Rluc-based BRET systems. Herein we report a series of novel BRET pairs based on luciferases that utilize D-luciferin, resulting in red-shifted photonic outputs, favorable biochemical attributes, and increased efficacy. We developed a modified Förster equation to predict optimal BRET luciferase donor-fluorophore pairs and identified tdTomato as the optimal red fluorophore acceptor for click beetle green luciferase (CBG). A prototypical single-chain protease biosensor, capable of reporting on executioner caspase activity in live cells and in real-time, was generated by inserting a DEVD linker between CBG and tdTomato and validated in vitro with recombinant caspases and in cellulo with apoptosis-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. High signal-to-noise ratios ( approximately 33) and Z' factors (0.85) were observed in live cell longitudinal studies, sufficient for high-throughput screening. Thus, we illustrate a general methodology for the rational design of new BRET systems and provide a novel single-chain BRET protease biosensor that is long lived, red-shifted, and utilizes D-luciferin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Gammon
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, and Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim Y, Jin Z, Kim E, Park S, Oh Y, Kim H. Analysis of in vitro SUMOylation using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:530-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Anfossi L, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Giraudi G. Homogeneous immunoassay based on gold nanoparticles and visible absorption detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:507-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Dacres H, Dumancic MM, Horne I, Trowell SC. Direct comparison of bioluminescence-based resonance energy transfer methods for monitoring of proteolytic cleavage. Anal Biochem 2008; 385:194-202. [PMID: 19026607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a powerful tool for the study of protein-protein interactions and conformational changes within proteins. Two common implementations of BRET are BRET(1) with Renilla luciferase (RLuc) and coelenterazine h (CLZ, lambda(em) approximately 475 nm) and BRET(2) with the substrate coelenterazine 400a (CLZ400A substrate, lambda(em)=395 nm) as the respective donors. For BRET(1) the acceptor is yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) (lambda(em) approximately 535 nm), a mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP), and for BRET(2) it is GFP(2) (lambda(em) approximately 515 nm). It is not clear from previous studies which of these systems has superior signal-to-background characteristics. Here we directly compared BRET(1) and BRET(2) by placing two different protease-specific cleavage sequences between the donor and acceptor domains. The intact proteins simulate protein-protein association. Proteolytic cleavage of the peptide linker simulates protein dissociation and can be detected as a change in the BRET ratios. Complete cleavage of its target sequence by thrombin changed the BRET(2) ratio by a factor of 28.9+/-0.2 (relative standard deviation [RSD], n=3) and changed the BRET(1) ratio by a factor of 3.05+/-0.07. Complete cleavage of a caspase-3 target sequence resulted in the BRET ratio changes by factors of 15.45+/-0.08 for BRET(2) and 2.00+/-0.04 for BRET(1). The BRET(2) assay for thrombin was 2.9 times more sensitive compared with the BRET(1) version. Calculated detection limits (blank signal+3sigma(b), where sigma(b)=standard deviation [SD] of blank signal) were 53 pM (0.002 U) thrombin with BRET(1) and 15 pM (0.0005 U) thrombin with BRET(2). The results presented here suggest that BRET(2) is a more suitable system than BRET(1) for studying protein-protein interactions and as a potential sensor for monitoring protease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dacres
- Food Futures Flagship, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Roda A, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Mirasoli M. Nanobioanalytical luminescence: Förster-type energy transfer methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:109-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
23
|
Dacres H, Dumancic MM, Horne I, Trowell SC. Direct comparison of fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based resonance energy transfer methods for real-time monitoring of thrombin-catalysed proteolytic cleavage. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1164-70. [PMID: 18723336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a representative FRET system (CFP donor and YFP acceptor) is compared with the BRET(2) system (Renilla luciferase donor, green fluorescent protein(2) (GFP(2)) acceptor and coelenterazine 400a substrate). Cleavage of a thrombin-protease-sensitive peptide sequence inserted between the donor and acceptor proteins was detected by the RET signal. Complete cleavage by thrombin changed the BRET(2) signal by a factor of 28.9+/-0.2 (R.S.D. (relative standard deviation), n=3) and the FRET signal by a factor of 3.2+/-0.1 (R.S.D., n=3). The BRET(2) technique was 50 times more sensitive than the FRET technique for monitoring thrombin concentrations. Detection limits (blank signal+3sigma(b), where sigma(b)=the standard deviation (S.D.) of the blank signal) were calculated to be 3.05 and 0.22nM thrombin for FRET and BRET(2), respectively. This direct comparison suggests that the BRET(2) technique is more suitable than FRET for use in proximity assays such as protease cleavage assays or protein-protein interaction assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dacres
- Food Futures Flagship, CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Micallef J, Gajadhar A, Wiley J, DeSouza LV, Michael Siu KW, Guha A. Proteomics: present and future implications in neuro-oncology. Neurosurgery 2008; 62:539-55; discussion 539-55. [PMID: 18425004 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000317302.85837.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PROTEOMICS, IN ITS broadest mandate, is the study of proteins and their functions. As the "workhorses" of the genome, proteins govern normal cellular structure and function. Protein function is not just a reflection of its expression level; it is also the cumulative result of many post-transcriptional (splicing) and post-translational events that together determine cellular localization, interactions, and longevity. The composition and variability of the proteome is vastly more complex than the corresponding genome. It is this proteome variation that helps define an organism and the unique characteristics that separate one individual from another. Aberrations in protein function, which alter normal cellular structure and function, are the ultimate basis of disease, including cancer. Therefore, an understanding of protein networks through a systems biology approach of proteomics is necessary to understand normal and abnormal cellular function, with the goal of performing rational therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on two emerging proteomic technologies: mass spectrometry and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. In addition to reviewing the principles and potential utilization of these two techniques, we highlight their application in neuro-oncology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Micallef
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Center, Hospital for Sick Children's Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hamdan FF, Percherancier Y, Breton B, Bouvier M. Monitoring protein-protein interactions in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 5:Unit 5.23. [PMID: 18428639 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0523s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) allows monitoring of protein-protein interactions in real time in living cells. One candidate interacting protein is fused to a luminescent energy donor, such as Renilla luciferase, and the other to a fluorescent energy acceptor, such the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the two are then coexpressed in the same cells. If the two proteins interact, their close proximity allows nonradiative energy transfer (BRET) between the luciferase and the GFP. BRET does not occur if the two proteins are separated by more than 100 A, making the technique ideal for monitoring protein-protein interactions in biological systems. This unit describes the use of BRET to study constitutive and agonist-promoted interactions among signaling molecules, as illustrated by the homodimerization of the CXCR4 receptor and the recruitment of beta-arrestin2 to agonist-activated G-protein-coupled receptors. This noninvasive and homogeneous assay provides a robust and sensitive proteomic platform with applications for basic science research and drug discovery.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Marullo S, Bouvier M. Resonance energy transfer approaches in molecular pharmacology and beyond. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28:362-5. [PMID: 17629577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A satellite workshop entitled 'Use of resonance energy transfer (RET) approaches to study signal transduction: conceptual and methodological considerations' was held during a recent Molecular Pharmacology Gordon Conference in Ventura (USA). In this article, we summarize the principal trends of the field that were discussed during the workshop. Consensus guidelines for obtaining reliable information from RET-based experiments are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris F-75014, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Issad T, Blanquart C, Gonzalez-Yanes C. The use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer for the study of therapeutic targets: application to tyrosine kinase receptors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:541-56. [PMID: 17373883 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.4.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During recent years, the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology has emerged as a powerful technique for the study of protein-protein interactions. This review focuses on recent work demonstrating the power of BRET for the study of tyrosine kinase receptors, using insulin and IGF-1 receptors as models. The authors show that BRET can be used to monitor ligand-induced conformational changes within homodimeric insulin and IGF-1 receptors, as well as heterodimeric insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptors. BRET can also be used to study, in real time and in living cells, the interaction of tyrosine kinase receptors with cellular partners negatively or positively involved in the regulation of intracellular signalling (protein tyrosine phosphatases, molecular adaptors). In addition, BRET can be used to develop high-throughput screening assays for the search of molecules with therapeutic interest and could, therefore, constitute a valuable tool for laboratories involved in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei Q, Lee M, Yu X, Lee EK, Seong GH, Choo J, Cho YW. Development of an open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem 2006; 358:31-7. [PMID: 16989766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a sensitive, one-step, homogeneous open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay (OsFIA) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In this FRET assay, estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) antigen was incubated with QD-labeled anti-ER-beta monoclonal antibody and Alexa Fluor (AF)-labeled anti-ER polyclonal antibody for 30 min, followed by FRET measurement. The dye separation distance was estimated between 80 and 90 A. The current method is rapid, simple, and highly sensitive, and it did not require the bound/free reagent separation steps and solid-phase carriers. A concentration as low as 0.05 nM (2.65 ng/ml) receptor was detected with linearity. In addition, the assay was performed with commercial antibodies. This assay provides a convenient alternative to conventional, laborious sandwich immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quande Wei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 530080, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gehret AU, Bajaj A, Naider F, Dumont ME. Oligomerization of the yeast alpha-factor receptor: implications for dominant negative effects of mutant receptors. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20698-20714. [PMID: 16709573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513642200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors is commonly observed, but the functional significance of oligomerization for this diverse family of receptors remains poorly understood. We used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to examine oligomerization of Ste2p, a G protein-coupled receptor that serves as the receptor for the alpha-mating pheromone in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under conditions where the functional effects of oligomerization could be examined. Consistent with previous results from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (Overton, M. C., and Blumer, K. J. (2000) Curr. Biol. 10, 341-344), we detected efficient energy transfer between Renilla luciferase and a modified green fluorescent protein individually fused to truncated alpha-factor receptors lacking the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. In addition, the low background of the BRET system allowed detection of significant, but less efficient, energy transfer between full-length receptors. The reduced efficiency of energy transfer between full-length receptors does not appear to result from different levels of receptor expression. Instead, attachment of fluorescent reporter proteins to the full-length receptors appears to significantly increase the distance between reporters. Mutations that were previously reported to block dimerization of truncated alpha-factor receptors reduce but do not completely eliminate BRET transfer between receptors. Dominant negative effects of mutant alleles of alpha-factor receptors appear to be mediated by receptor oligomerization since these effects are abrogated by introduction of additional mutations that reduce oligomerization. We find that heterodimers of normal and dominant negative receptors are defective in their ability to signal. Thus, signal transduction by oligomeric receptors appears to be a cooperative process requiring an interaction between functional monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin U Gehret
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Anshika Bajaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, New York 10314
| | - Mark E Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Snippe M, Goldbach R, Kormelink R. Tomato spotted wilt virus particle assembly and the prospects of fluorescence microscopy to study protein-protein interactions involved. Adv Virus Res 2006; 65:63-120. [PMID: 16387194 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(05)65003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Snippe
- Department of Asthma, Allergy, and Respiratory Diseases, King's College, London, WC2R 2LS United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Komiya N, Ueda H, Ohiro Y, Nagamune T. Homogeneous sandwich immunoassay based on the enzymatic complementation induced by single-chain Fv fragments. Anal Biochem 2004; 327:241-6. [PMID: 15051541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel homogeneous sandwich immunoassay based on beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) complementation (the crab-claw sandwich enzymatic complementation immunoassay, CS-ECIA). We chose a high-molecular-weight antigen human serum albumin (HSA) as a model and constructed two chimeric proteins, in which a pair of single-chain Fvs (scFvs) recognizing distant epitopes of HSA was fused to either an N-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (deltaalpha) or a C-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (deltaomega). Upon simple mixing of the reagents with the sample, the two chimeric proteins became associated through binding separate epitopes on HSA that allowed reassociation of the two mutant enzymes. The resulting enzymatic complementation was measured as an increase in beta-gal activity using a luminescent substrate. With this CS-ECIA, a HSA concentration of 10-1000 pg/mL could be determined. In addition, the assay was easy to operate and required less time, handling, and sample volume than conventional sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassays. The assay will have general utility by substituting scFvs with other pairs of scFvs recognizing any polyvalent antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Komiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao H, Doyle TC, Wong RJ, Cao Y, Stevenson DK, Piwnica-Worms D, Contag CH. Characterization of Coelenterazine Analogs for Measurements of
Renilla
Luciferase Activity in Live Cells and Living Animals. Mol Imaging 2004; 3:43-54. [PMID: 15142411 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200403181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging of bioluminescent reporters relies on expression of light-emitting enzymes, luciferases, and delivery of chemical substrates to expressing cells. Coelenterazine (CLZN) is the substrate for a group of bioluminescent enzymes obtained from marine organisms. At present, there are more than 10 commercially available CLZN analogs. To determine which analog is most suitable for activity measurements in live cells and living animals, we characterized 10 CLZN analogs using Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as the reporter enzyme. For each analog, we monitored enzyme activity, auto-oxidation, and efficiency of cellular uptake. All CLZN analogs tested showed higher auto-oxidation signals in serum than was observed in phosphate buffer or medium, mainly as a result of auto-oxidation by binding to albumin. CLZN-f, -h, and -e analogs showed 4- to 8-fold greater Rluc activity, relative to CLZN-native, in cells expressing the enzyme from a stable integrant. In studies using living mice expressing Rluc in hepatocytes, administration of CLZN-e and -native produced the highest signal. Furthermore, distinct temporal differences in signal for each analog were revealed following intravenous or intraperitoneal delivery. We conclude that the CLZN analogs that are presently available vary with respect to hRluc utilization in culture and in vivo, and that the effective use of CLZN-utilizing enzymes in living animals depends on the selection of an appropriate substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kamiya N, Takazawa T, Tanaka T, Ueda H, Nagamune T. Site-specific cross-linking of functional proteins by transglutamination. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003; 33:492-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Ueda H, Yokozeki T, Arai R, Tsumoto K, Kumagai I, Nagamune T. An optimized homogeneous noncompetitive immunoassay based on the antigen-driven enzymatic complementation. J Immunol Methods 2003; 279:209-18. [PMID: 12969562 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe an optimized noncompetitive and homogeneous immunoassay based on the antigen-dependent reassociation of antibody variable domains and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) complementation (open sandwich enzymatic complementation immunoassay, OS-ECIA). The reassociation of two fusion proteins, an antibody heavy chain variable region fragment tethered to an N-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal, V(H)Deltaalpha, and the light chain variable region fragment tethered to a C-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal, V(L)Deltaomega, was monitored by the enzymatic complementation between the two. With the use of anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antibody HyHEL10, an antigen-dependent enhancement in the enzymatic activity was clearly observed. To optimize the assay, the lengths of the linkers connecting the two domains of each fusion protein were varied, and the optimal pair V(H)(G(4)S)(2)Deltaalpha/V(L)(G(4)S)Deltaomega showed much improved antigen-responsive beta-gal activity. After various optimizations, almost 1000-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with that of our corresponding homogeneous open sandwich (OS) assays based on the energy transfer was observed, possibly due to lower V(H)/V(L) concentration and background heterodimer association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656 Bunkyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aburatani T, Sakamoto K, Masuda K, Nishi K, Ohkawa H, Nagamune T, Ueda H. A General Method To Select Antibody Fragments Suitable for Noncompetitive Detection of Monovalent Antigens. Anal Chem 2003; 75:4057-64. [PMID: 14632118 DOI: 10.1021/ac034280n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, immunological detection of a small hapten was only possible in competitive format, which needed a competitor antigen either labeled by a reporter or attached to a carrier protein. Recently, we proposed the open sandwich (OS) immunoassay, a simple immunoassay that can noncompetitively determine monovalent antigen concentration by measuring the antigen-dependent change in a heavy-chain variable region (VH)/light-chain variable region (VL) interaction of an antibody. However, there was a limitation in the assay that the antibody used should have a suitable property such that the VH/VL interaction would become fairly strong along with the addition of antigen. Here, we devised a phage-based "split-Fv system" to rapidly evaluate and select antibody variable region (Fv) fragments that are suitable to OS immunoassay. When three antibodies raised against endocrine disruptor bisphenol A were tested with this system, all were more or less suitable to OS-ELISA. Among them, the best Fv selected was used to construct fusion proteins of VH tethered to an alkaline phosphatase and a tagged VL that can be site-specifically biotinylated to perform direct OS-ELISA. The results showed that the OS-ELISA detects bisphenol A with higher sensitivity than the corresponding competitive assay, also implying that many antibodies to small haptens have suitable properties for OS-ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Aburatani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Charbonnière LJ, Ziessel RF, Sams CA, Harriman A. Coordination properties of a diarylaza crown ether appended with a luminescent [Ru(bipy)3]2+ unit. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3466-74. [PMID: 12767182 DOI: 10.1021/ic020671t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The [Ru(bipy)(2)(1)](PF(6))(2) (bipy refers to 2,2'-bipyridine) complex, comprising a ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) luminophore covalently linked to a di[(o-triethyleneglycoxy)phenyl]amine crown ether 1, has been synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical properties of this metal complex have been examined in solution at ambient temperature. Luminescence from the metal complex is enhanced significantly in the presence of various adventitious cations, including protons. In particular, Li(+) cations bind to the crown ether, as evidenced by (1)H NMR and luminescence spectroscopy. Cation binding serves to decrease the rate of reductive quenching of the triplet state of the metal complex, thereby increasing the extent of luminescence. The solution-phase conformation of [Ru(bipy)(2)(1)](PF(6))(2), with and without encapsulated Li(+), has been examined by 2-D NMR and by molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc J Charbonnière
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 7008 au CNRS, Ecole de Chimie, Polymère et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu Y, Kanauchi A, von Arnim AG, Piston DW, Johnson CH. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer: monitoring protein-protein interactions in living cells. Methods Enzymol 2003; 360:289-301. [PMID: 12622156 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)60116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gorokhovatsky AY, Rudenko NV, Marchenkov VV, Skosyrev VS, Arzhanov MA, Burkhardt N, Zakharov MV, Semisotnov GV, Vinokurov LM, Alakhov YB. Homogeneous assay for biotin based on Aequorea victoria bioluminescence resonance energy transfer system. Anal Biochem 2003; 313:68-75. [PMID: 12576060 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a homogeneous assay for biotin based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between aequorin and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The fusions of aequorin with streptavidin (SAV) and EGFP with biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) were purified after expression of the corresponding genes in Escherichia coli cells. Association of SAV-aequorin and BCCP-EGFP fusions was followed by BRET between aequorin (donor) and EGFP (acceptor), resulting in significantly increasing 510 nm and decreasing 470 nm bioluminescence intensity. It was shown that free biotin inhibited BRET due to its competition with BCCP-EGFP for binding to SAV-aequorin. These properties were exploited to demonstrate competitive homogeneous BRET assay for biotin.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The natural phenomenon of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has become an extremely useful tool for studying protein-protein interactions in the laboratory, including those involving G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The technology involves fusion of donor and acceptor molecules to proteins of interest. Following assessment to ensure correct functionality, co-expression of fusion constructs in live cells enables their interaction to be studied in real time in a quantitative manner. Energy is transferred from the donor to the acceptor when in close proximity, resulting in fluorescence emission at a characteristic wavelength. The energy emitted by the acceptor relative to that emitted by the donor is termed the BRET signal. It is dependent upon the spectral properties, ratio, distance and relative orientation of the donor and acceptor molecules, as well as the strength and stability of the interaction between the proteins of interest. The ability to study interactions in live mammalian cells circumvents many of the problems associated with techniques such as co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of BRET enables the study of proteins at physiological concentrations, a significant advantage over techniques that require high levels of protein expression. BRET technology has already made a substantial contribution to our understanding of GPCRs and protein-protein interactions, in particular by providing strong evidence that GPCRs homo- and hetero-oligomerize. New BRET detection systems and the potential for novel high throughput screening applications means that BRET promises to play an important role in future research and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Donald George Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology Research Group, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Eidne KA, Kroeger KM, Hanyaloglu AC. Applications of novel resonance energy transfer techniques to study dynamic hormone receptor interactions in living cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2002; 13:415-21. [PMID: 12431837 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of hormone receptor function that are crucial for controlling signal transduction of endocrine pathways can be monitored more accurately with the use of non-invasive, live cell resonance energy transfer (RET) techniques. Fluorescent RET (FRET), and its variation, bioluminescent RET (BRET), can be used to assess the real-time responses to specific hormonal stimuli, whilst preserving the cellular protein network, compartmentalization and spatial arrangement. Both FRET and BRET can be readily adapted to the study of membrane proteins. Here, we focus on their applications to the analysis of interactions involving the superfamily of hormone G-protein-coupled receptors. RET is also emerging as a significant tool for the determination of protein function in general. Such techniques will undoubtedly be of value in determining the functional identities of the vast array of proteins that are encoded by the human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Eidne
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ohiro Y, Arai R, Ueda H, Nagamune T. A homogeneous and noncompetitive immunoassay based on the enhanced fluorescence resonance energy transfer by leucine zipper interaction. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5786-92. [PMID: 12463362 DOI: 10.1021/ac0203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two GFP variants is a powerful technique to describe protein-protein interaction in a biological system. However, it has a limitation that the two variants tethered to the respective proteins have to be in sufficient proximity upon binding, which is often difficult to attain by simple N- or C-terminal fusions. Here we describe a novel method to significantly enhance FRET between GFP variant-tagged proteins with the use of leucine zippers. For the homogeneous sandwich immunoassay of a high molecular weight antigen human serum albumin (HSA), two separate single-chain Fvs recognizing distant epitopes of HSA were respectively fused with fluorescence donor ECFP or acceptor EYFP, and FRET between the two was analyzed by fluorescence spectrometry. Because these two proteins did not give any detectable FRET uponantigen addition, we tethered each protein with a leucine zipper motif (c-Jun or FosB) at the C-terminus to help the neighborhood of the GFP variants. Upon antigen addition, the new pairs showed significant antigen-dependent FRET. By exchanging the binding domains, the method will find a range of applications for the assay of other proteins and their interactions in vitro or in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Ohiro
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., 143 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arai R, Nakagawa H, Kitayama A, Ueda H, Nagamune T. Detection of protein-protein interaction by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from firefly luciferase to red fluorescent protein. J Biosci Bioeng 2002; 94:362-4. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer has developed in recent years as a new technique to study protein-protein interactions. Protein partners of interest are tagged with either luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Non-radiative energy transfer between the excited luciferase and the GFP permits the study of spatial relationships between the two partners. This technique constitutes an important tool for the study of the functional activity of different types of receptors, and can be used in sensitive, homogenous high-throughput screening assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boute
- Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Université Paris V, Département de Biologie Cellulaire, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
We describe a noncompetitive homogeneous immunoassay for small haptens based on the antigen-dependent reassociation of antibody variable domains and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) complementation (open sandwich enzymatic complementation immunoassay). As a model system, the reassociation of two fusion proteins, an anti 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) antibody heavy-chain variable-region fragment fused to an N-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (V(H)delta alpha) and the light-chain variable-region fragment fused to a C-terminal deletion mutant of beta-gal (V(L)delta omega), was monitored by the enzymatic complementation between the two. Upon simple mixing of the reagents with the sample, an antigen (NP)-dependent increase in enzymatic activity was observed. When 5-iodo-NP was measured, a 10 times higher sensitivity was observed, probably due to its higher affinity. Compared with our corresponding heterogeneous open sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, approximately 1000-fold improvement in the sensitivity was attained, probably due to lower background V(H)-V(L) association. In addition, the assay required less time, handling, sample volume, and assay reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoichi Yokozeki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yamakawa Y, Veda H, Kitayama A, Nagamune T. Rapid homogeneous immunoassay of peptides based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from firefly luciferase. J Biosci Bioeng 2002; 93:537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
YAMAKAWA YUKARI, UEDA HIROSHI, KITAYAMA ATSUSHI, NAGAMUNE TERUYUKI. Rapid Homogeneous Immunoassay of Peptides Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer from Firefly Luciferase. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.93.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Kaps I, Ehrt S, Seeber S, Schnappinger D, Martin C, Riley LW, Niederweis M. Energy transfer between fluorescent proteins using a co-expression system in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Gene 2001; 278:115-24. [PMID: 11707328 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish a two-plasmid co-expression system for Mycobacterium smegmatis. Two vectors with compatible origins of replication and a polylinker, which allows modular cloning of promoters and genes, were constructed and used to clone genes encoding a blue fluorescent protein (BFP) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP). A 160-fold variation of GFP expression levels in M. smegmatis was achieved by combining three promoters with different copy numbers of the vectors. An efficient energy transfer between BFP and GFP in M. smegmatis was observed by fluorescence measurements and demonstrated that these genes were simultaneously expressed from both vectors. Thus, these vectors will be valuable for all strategies where co-expression of proteins in M. smegmatis is needed, e.g. for constructing a two-hybrid system or for deleting essential genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kaps
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|