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Gimmelli R, Papoff G, Saccoccia F, Lalli C, Gemma S, Campiani G, Ruberti G. Effects of structurally distinct human HDAC6 and HDAC6/HDAC8 inhibitors against S. mansoni larval and adult worm stages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011992. [PMID: 38416775 PMCID: PMC10927086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 240 million people worldwide caused by Platyhelminthes of the genus Schistosoma. The treatment of schistosomiasis relies on the long-term application of a single safe drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Unfortunately, PZQ is very effective on adult parasites and poorly on larval stage and immature juvenile worms; this can partially explain the re-infection in endemic areas where patients are likely to host parasites at different developmental stages concurrently. Moreover, the risk of development of drug resistance because of the widespread use of a single drug in a large population is nowadays a serious threat. Hence, research aimed at identifying novel drugs to be used alone or in combination with PZQ is needed. Schistosomes display morphologically distinct stages during their life cycle and epigenetic mechanisms are known to play important roles in parasite growth, survival, and development. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, particularly HDAC8, are considered valuable for therapeutic intervention for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Herein, we report the phenotypic screening on both larvae and adult Schistosoma mansoni stages of structurally different HDAC inhibitors selected from the in-house Siena library. All molecules have previously shown inhibition profiles on human HDAC6 and/or HDAC8 enzymes. Among them we identified a quinolone-based HDAC inhibitor, NF2839, that impacts larval and adult parasites as well as egg viability and maturation in vitro. Importantly, this quinolone-based compound also increases histone and tubulin acetylation in S. mansoni parasites, thus representing a leading candidate for the development of new generation anti-Schistosoma chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gimmelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lalli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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Saccoccia F, Pozzetti L, Gimmelli R, Butini S, Guidi A, Papoff G, Giannaccari M, Brogi S, Scognamiglio V, Gemma S, Ruberti G, Campiani G. Crystal structures of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 reveal a novel binding site for allosteric inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102375. [PMID: 35970392 PMCID: PMC9486128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause significant global morbidity and mortality particularly in the poorest regions of the world. Schistosomiasis, one of the most widespread neglected tropical diseases, affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are prominent epigenetic drugs that are being investigated in the treatment of several diseases, including cancers and parasitic diseases. Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 (SmHDAC8) is highly expressed in all life cycle stages of the parasite and selective inhibition is required in order to avoid undesirable off-target effects in the host. Herein, by X-ray crystal structures of SmHDAC8-inhibitor complexes, biochemical and phenotypic studies, we found two schistosomicidal spiroindoline-derivatives binding a novel site, next to Trp198, on the enzyme surface. We determined that by acting on this site, either by mutation of the Trp198 or by compound binding, a decrease in the activity of the enzyme is achieved. Remarkably, this allosteric site differs from the human counterpart; rather, it is conserved in all Schistosoma spp., as well as Rhabidoptera and Trematoda classes, thus paving the way for the design of HDAC8-selective allosteric inhibitors with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Gimmelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guidi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Giannaccari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, Italian National Research Council, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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