1
|
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakagami H, Nakatani S, Enomoto A, Ota S, Kaneko M, Sugimoto M, Horiuchi M, Toeda K, Oizumi T. Multi-Omics Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory Action of Alkaline Extract of the Leaves of Sasa sp. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102100. [PMID: 34068182 PMCID: PMC8152990 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient utilization of alkaline extracts of several plants for the treatment of oral diseases has been reported. To investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa sp. (SE), multi-omics analysis using metabolomics and DNA array was performed. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated for IL-1β to induce inflammation (detected by PGE2 production in culture medium) in the presence or absence of SE. Both IL-1β and SE showed slight hormetic growth stimulation against HGF. SE inhibited PGE2 production dose- and time-dependently. Its inhibitory action was more pronounced by first treating the cells with SE, rather than with IL-1β. At 3 h after IL-1β treatment, 18 amino acids (except cysteine and glutamic acid), total glutathione (GSH, GSSG, Cys-GSH disulfide), Met-sulfoxide, 5-oxoproline, and SAM declined, whereas DNA expressions of AKT, CASP3, and CXCL3 were elevated. These changes were reversed by simultaneous treatment with SE. The present study suggests that the anti-inflammatory action of SE is mediated via various metabolic pathways for cell survival, apoptosis, and leukocyte recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-049-279-2758
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan;
| | - Ayame Enomoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.E.); (S.O.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.E.); (S.O.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.E.); (S.O.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; (A.E.); (S.O.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
| | - Misaki Horiuchi
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan; (M.H.); (K.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuki Toeda
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan; (M.H.); (K.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Takaaki Oizumi
- Daiwa Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Sakado 3-2-1, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan; (M.H.); (K.T.); (T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Przybylska D, Kucharska AZ, Cybulska I, Sozański T, Piórecki N, Fecka I. Cornus mas L. Stones: A Valuable By-Product as an Ellagitannin Source with High Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:E4646. [PMID: 33053845 PMCID: PMC7587210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stone of Cornus mas L. remains the least known morphological part of this plant, whereas the fruit is appreciated for both consumption purposes and biological activity. The stone is considered to be a byproduct of fruit processing and very little is known about its phytochemical composition and biological properties. In this study, the complete qualitative determination of hydrolyzable tannins, their quantitative analysis, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant properties of the stone of C. mas are presented for the first time. The 37 identified compounds included the following: various gallotannins (11), monomeric ellagitannins (7), dimeric ellagitannins (10), and trimeric ellagitannins (7). The presence of free gallic acid and ellagic acid was also reported. Our results demonstrate that C. mas stone is a source of various bioactive hydrolyzable tannins and shows high antioxidant activity which could allow potential utilization of this raw material for recovery of valuable pharmaceutical or nutraceutical substances. The principal novelty of our findings is that hydrolyzable tannins, unlike other polyphenols, have been earlier omitted in the evaluation of the biological activities of C. mas. Additionally, the potential recovery of these bioactive chemicals from the byproduct is in line with the ideas of green chemistry and sustainable production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Iwona Cybulska
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wrocław Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buyukleyla M, Azirak S, Rencuzogullari E, Kocaman AY, Ila HB, Topaktas M, Darici C. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of tannic acid in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:11-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.564181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
5
|
Motohashi N, Wakabayashi H, Kurihara T, Fukushima H, Yamada T, Kawase M, Sohara Y, Tani S, Shirataki Y, Sakagami H, Satoh K, Nakashima H, Molnár A, Spengler G, Gyémánt N, Ugocsai K, Molnár J. Biological activity of barbados cherry (acerola fruits, fruit of Malpighia emarginata
DC) extracts and fractions. Phytother Res 2004; 18:212-23. [PMID: 15103668 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation of barbados cherry (acerola fruit, a fruit of Malpighia emarginata DC.) extracts were performed by organic solvent extractions and column chromatographies, using two extraction methods. Higher cytotoxic activity was concentrated in fractions A4 and A6 (acetone extract), and H3 and HE3 (hexane extract). These four fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines such as human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and human submandibular gland carcinoma (HSG), when compared with that against normal cells such as human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). HE2 (hexane extract), AE2 (ethyl acetate extract), AE3, AE4, AE5, A8, A9 and A10 showed some relatively higher anti-bacterial activity on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1228 but were ineffective on the representative Gram-negative species E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa. The fractions were inactive against Helicobacter pylori, two representative Candida species, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). H3, H4 and HE3, which displayed higher tumor-specific cytotoxicity also showed higher multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, than (+/-)-verapamil as positive control. ESR spectroscopy shows that the radical-mediated oxidation is not involved in the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. The tumor specific cytotoxic activity and MDR reversal activity of barbados cherry may suggest its possible application for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Motohashi N, Shirataki Y, Kawase M, Tani S, Sakagami H, Satoh K, Kurihara T, Nakashima H, Wolfard K, Miskolci C, Molnár J. Biological activity of kiwifruit peel extracts. Phytother Res 2001; 15:337-43. [PMID: 11406859 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Various bioactive substances in kiwifruit extracts were fractionated by organic solvent extractions, followed by silica gel and ODS chromatographies. Both cytotoxic activity and multi-drug resistance reversal activity were found in the less polar fractions. Cytotoxic activity was not always parallel the radical intensity. Antibacterial activity was distributed into various fractions and all fractions were inactive against Candida albicans and H. pylori. Only 70% methanol extracts showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, and produced a broad ESR signal under alkaline conditions, in a fashion similar to lignin. These fractions also effectively scavenged O(2)(-) produced by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, suggesting a bimodal (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) action. These data suggest a medicinal efficacy of kiwifruit peel extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Motohashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|