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Zhao S, Feng J, Li C, Gao H, Lv P, Li J, Liu Q, He Y, Wang H, Gong L, Li D, Zhang Y. Phosphoproteome profiling revealed abnormally phosphorylated AMPK and ATF2 involved in glucose metabolism and tumorigenesis of GH-PAs. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:137-148. [PMID: 29691806 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein phosphorylation plays a key role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, little is known about the phosphoproteome profiles of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs). The aim of this study was to identify critical biomarkers and signaling pathways that might play important roles in GH-PAs and may, therefore, represent potential therapeutic targets. METHODS The differential phosphoprotein expression patterns involved in GH-PAs were investigated by nano-LC-MS/MS in a group of samples. The phosphoprotein expression data were analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression levels of the candidate phosphorylated AMPK (ser496) and ATF2 (ser112) were validated by Western blot analysis in another group of samples. RESULTS A total of 1213 phosphorylated protein sites corresponding to 667 proteins were significantly different between GH-PAs and healthy pituitary glands. Among these phosphorylated sites, 871 exhibited lower levels of phosphorylation in GH-PAs. Moreover, 140 novel phosphosites corresponding to 93 proteins were differentially phosphorylated between GH-PAs and healthy pituitary glands, 101 of which showed decreased phosphorylation in GH-PAs. The majority of differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were significantly enriched in glycolysis and the AMPK signaling pathway in GH-PAs. The AMPK signaling pathway was demonstrated to be inhibited in GH-PAs by pathway activity analysis (z score = - 2.324). Notably, the phosphorylated levels of AMPK (ser496) and ATF2 (ser112) were significantly lower in GH-PAs than in healthy pituitary glands. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that decreased phosphorylation of the AMPK/ATF2 pathway may be critical for glucose metabolism and tumorigenesis in GH-PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - J Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - C Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - H Gao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - P Lv
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
- Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, 100710, China
| | - J Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Q Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Y He
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - H Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - L Gong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - D Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, TianTanXiLi6, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Junker S, Maaβ S, Otto A, Michalik S, Morgenroth F, Gerth U, Hecker M, Becher D. Spectral Library Based Analysis of Arginine Phosphorylations in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:335-348. [PMID: 29183913 PMCID: PMC5795395 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms in the regulation of protein expression and protein activity, controlling physiological functions of the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus Phosphorylations at serine, threonine and tyrosine are known to influence for example protein activity in central metabolic pathways and the more energy-rich phosphorylations at histidine, aspartate or cysteine can be found as part of two component system sensor domains or mediating bacterial virulence. In addition to these well-known phosphorylations, the phosphorylation at arginine residues plays an essential role. Hence, the deletion mutant S. aureus COL ΔptpB (protein tyrosine phosphatase B) was studied because the protein PtpB is assumed to be an arginine phosphatase. A gel-free approach was applied to analyze the changes in the phosphoproteome of the deletion mutant ΔptpB and the wild type in growing cells, thereby focusing on the occurrence of phosphorylation on arginine residues. In order to enhance the reliability of identified phosphorylation sites at arginine residues, a subset of arginine phosphorylated peptides was chemically synthesized. Combined spectral libraries based on phosphoenriched samples, synthetic arginine phosphorylated peptides and classical proteome samples provide a sophisticated tool for the analysis of arginine phosphorylations. This way, 212 proteins phosphorylated on serine, threonine, tyrosine or arginine residues were identified within the mutant ΔptpB and 102 in wild type samples. Among them, 207 arginine phosphosites were identified exclusively within the mutant ΔptpB, widely distributed along the whole bacterial metabolism. This identification of putative targets of PtpB allows further investigation of the physiological relevance of arginine phosphorylations and provides the basis for reliable quantification of arginine phosphorylations in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Junker
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Gerth
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Junker S, Maaβ S, Otto A, Michalik S, Morgenroth F, Gerth U, Hecker M, Becher D. Spectral Library Based Analysis of Arginine Phosphorylations in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 29183913 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000378.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms in the regulation of protein expression and protein activity, controlling physiological functions of the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus Phosphorylations at serine, threonine and tyrosine are known to influence for example protein activity in central metabolic pathways and the more energy-rich phosphorylations at histidine, aspartate or cysteine can be found as part of two component system sensor domains or mediating bacterial virulence. In addition to these well-known phosphorylations, the phosphorylation at arginine residues plays an essential role. Hence, the deletion mutant S. aureus COL ΔptpB (protein tyrosine phosphatase B) was studied because the protein PtpB is assumed to be an arginine phosphatase. A gel-free approach was applied to analyze the changes in the phosphoproteome of the deletion mutant ΔptpB and the wild type in growing cells, thereby focusing on the occurrence of phosphorylation on arginine residues. In order to enhance the reliability of identified phosphorylation sites at arginine residues, a subset of arginine phosphorylated peptides was chemically synthesized. Combined spectral libraries based on phosphoenriched samples, synthetic arginine phosphorylated peptides and classical proteome samples provide a sophisticated tool for the analysis of arginine phosphorylations. This way, 212 proteins phosphorylated on serine, threonine, tyrosine or arginine residues were identified within the mutant ΔptpB and 102 in wild type samples. Among them, 207 arginine phosphosites were identified exclusively within the mutant ΔptpB, widely distributed along the whole bacterial metabolism. This identification of putative targets of PtpB allows further investigation of the physiological relevance of arginine phosphorylations and provides the basis for reliable quantification of arginine phosphorylations in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Junker
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Gerth
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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