1
|
Cavanagh RJ, Monteiro PF, Moloney C, Travanut A, Mehradnia F, Taresco V, Rahman R, Martin SG, Grabowska AM, Ashford MB, Alexander C. Free drug and ROS-responsive nanoparticle delivery of synergistic doxorubicin and olaparib combinations to triple negative breast cancer models. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1822-1840. [PMID: 38407276 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01931d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Combinations of the topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin and the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib offer potential drug-drug synergy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). In this study we performed in vitro screening of combinations of these drugs, administered directly or encapsulated within polymer nanoparticles, in both 2D and in 3D spheroid models of breast cancer. A variety of assays were used to evaluate drug potency, and calculations of combination index (CI) values indicated that synergistic effects of drug combinations occurred in a molar-ratio dependent manner. It is suggested that the mechanisms of synergy were related to enhancement of DNA damage as shown by the level of double-strand DNA breaks, and mechanisms of antagonism associated with mitochondrial mediated cell survival, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Enhanced drug delivery and potency was observed with nanoparticle formulations, with a greater extent of doxorubicin localised to cell nuclei as evidenced by microscopy, and higher cytotoxicity at the same time points compared to free drugs. Together, the work presented identifies specific combinations of doxorubicin and olaparib which were most effective in a panel of TNBC cell lines, explores the mechanisms by which these combined agents might act, and shows that formulation of these drug combinations into polymeric nanoparticles at specific ratios conserves synergistic action and enhanced potency in vitro compared to the free drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia F Monteiro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Ma H, Deng Z, Luo Q, Gong H, Long B, Li X. Cerebral Organoid Arrays for Batch Phenotypic Analysis in Sections and Three Dimensions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13903. [PMID: 37762204 PMCID: PMC10530571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids can recapitulate human-specific phenotypes and functions in vivo and have great potential for research in development, disease modeling, and drug screening. Due to the inherent variability among organoids, experiments often require a large sample size. Embedding, staining, and imaging each organoid individually require a lot of reagents and time. Hence, there is an urgent need for fast and efficient methods for analyzing the phenotypic changes in organoids in batches. Here, we provide a comprehensive strategy for array embedding, staining, and imaging of cerebral organoids in both agarose sections and in 3D to analyze the spatial distribution of biomarkers in organoids in situ. We constructed several disease models, particularly an aging model, as examples to demonstrate our strategy for the investigation of the phenotypic analysis of organoids. We fabricated an array mold to produce agarose support with microwells, which hold organoids in place for live/dead imaging. We performed staining and imaging of sectioned organoids embedded in agarose and 3D imaging to examine phenotypic changes in organoids using fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) and whole-mount immunostaining. Parallel studies of organoids in arrays using the same staining and imaging parameters enabled easy and reliable comparison among different groups. We were able to track all the data points obtained from every organoid in an embedded array. This strategy could help us study the phenotypic changes in organoids in disease models and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haihua Ma
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ben Long
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calori IR, Alves SR, Bi H, Tedesco AC. Type-I Collagen/Collagenase Modulates the 3D Structure and Behavior of Glioblastoma Spheroid Models. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:723-733. [PMID: 35068151 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids have emerged as well-structured, three-dimensional culture models that resemble and mimic the complexity of the dense and hypoxic cancer microenvironment. However, in brain tumor studies, a variety of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines only self-assemble into loose cellular aggregates, lacking the properties of actual glioma tumors in humans. In this study, we used type-I collagen as an extracellular matrix component to promote the compaction of GBM aggregates forming tight spheroids to understand how collagen influences the properties of tumors, such as their growth, proliferation, and invasion, and collagenase to promote collagen degradation. The GBM cell lines U87MG, T98G, and A172, as well as the medulloblastoma cell line UW473, were used as standard cell lines that do not spontaneously self-assemble into spheroids, and GBM U251 was used as a self-assembling cell line. According to the findings, all cell lines formed tight spheroids at collagen concentrations higher than 15.0 μg mL-1. Collagen was distributed along the spheroid, similarly to that observed in invasive GBM tumors, and decreased cell migration with no effect on the cellular uptake of small active molecules, as demonstrated by uptake studies using the photosensitizer verteporfin. The enzymatic cleavage of collagen affected spheroid morphology and increased cell migration while maintaining cell viability. Such behaviors are relevant to the physiological models of GBM tumors and are useful for better understanding cell migration and the in vivo infiltration path, drug screening, and kinetics of progression of GBM tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Samara Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coltman NJ, Coke BA, Chatzi K, Shepherd EL, Lalor PF, Schulz-Utermoehl T, Hodges NJ. Application of HepG2/C3A liver spheroids as a model system for genotoxicity studies. Toxicol Lett 2021; 345:34-45. [PMID: 33865918 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HepG2 cells continue to be a valuable tool in early drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. In the current study we develop a 3D in vitro liver model, using HepG2/C3A cells that is predictive of human genotoxic exposure. HepG2/C3A cells cultured for 7-days in agarose-coated microplates formed spheroids which were uniform in shape and had well defined outer perimeters and no evidence of a hypoxic core. Quantitative real-time-PCR analysis showed statistically significant transcriptional upregulation of xenobiotic metabolising genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, UG1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, EPHX, NAT2) and genes linked to liver function (ALB, CAR) in 3D cultures. In response to three model pro-genotoxicants: benzo[a]pyrene, amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), we observed further transcriptional upregulation of xenobiotic metabolising genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NAT1/2, SULT1A2, UGT1A1, UGT1A3) compared to untreated spheroids. Consistent with this, spheroids were more sensitive than 2D monolayers to compound induced single- and double- stranded DNA-damage as assessed by the comet assay and γH2AX phosphorylation respectively. In contrast, levels of DNA-damage induced by the direct acting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) was the same in spheroids and monolayers. In support of the enhanced genotoxic response in spheroids we also observed transcriptional upregulation of genes relating to DNA-damage and cellular stress response (e.g. GADD45A and CDKN1A) in spheroids. In conclusion, HepG2/C3A 3D spheroids are a sensitive model for in vitro genotoxicity assessment with potential applications in early stage drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Coltman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Brandon A Coke
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Chatzi
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Schulz-Utermoehl
- Sygnature Discovery, The Discovery Building, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kucinska M, Plewinski A, Szczolko W, Kaczmarek M, Goslinski T, Murias M. Modeling the photodynamic effect in 2D versus 3D cell culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:309-326. [PMID: 33141030 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mainly as a combined therapy, can still be considered a promising technology for targeted cancer treatment. Besides the several and essential benefits of PDT, there are some concerns and limitations, such as complex dosimetry, tumor hypoxia, and other mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we present how the cell culture model and cell culture conditions may affect the response to PDT treatment. It was studied by applying two different 3D cell culture, non-scaffold, and hydrogel-based models under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In parallel, a detailed mechanism of the action of zinc phthalocyanine M2TG3 was presented. METHODS Hydrogel-based and tumor spheroids consisting of LNCaP cells, were used as 3D cell culture models in experiments performed under normoxic and hypoxic (1% of oxygen) conditions. Several analyses were performed to compare the activity of M2TG3 under different conditions, such as cytotoxicity, the level of proapoptotic and stress-related proteins, caspase activity, and antioxidant gene expression status. Additionally, we tested bioluminescence and fluorescence assays as a useful approach for a hydrogel-based 3D cell culture. RESULTS We found that M2TG3 might lead to apoptotic cancer cell death and is strongly dependent on the model and oxygen availability. Moreover, the expression of the genes modulated in the antioxidative system in 2D and 3D cell culture models were presented. The tested bioluminescence assay revealed several advantages, such as repetitive measurements on the same sample and simultaneous analysis of different parameters due to the non-lysing nature of this assay. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that M2TG3 can effectively cause cancer cell death via a different mechanism, depending on cell culture conditions such as the model and oxygen availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adam Plewinski
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytet Poznanski 10 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szczolko
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland; Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Gene Therapy Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland; Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytet Poznanski 10 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pal A, Ashworth JC, Collier P, Probert C, Jones S, Leza EP, Meakin ML, A. Ritchie A, Onion D, Clarke PA, Allegrucci C, Grabowska AM. A 3D Heterotypic Breast Cancer Model Demonstrates a Role for Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Driving a Proliferative and Invasive Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2290. [PMID: 32824003 PMCID: PMC7465555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous indirect 2D co-culture studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote breast cancer (BC) progression through secretion of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In order to investigate this aspect of the tumour microenvironment in a more relevant 3D co-culture model, spheroids incorporating breast cancer cells (BCCs), both cell lines and primary BCCs expanded as patient-derived xenografts, and MSCs were established. MSCs in co-cultures were shown to enhance proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive BCCs. In addition, co-culture resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin in parallel with upregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-relation transcription factor, SNAIL. Cytoplasmic relocalization of ski-related novel protein N (SnON), a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling, and of β-catenin, involved in a number of pathways including Wnt signalling, was also observed in BCCs in co-cultures in contrast to monocultures. In addition, the β-catenin inhibitor, 3-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino]-benzoic acid methyl ester (MSAB), mediated reduced growth and invasion in the co-cultures. This study highlights the potential role for SnON as a biomarker for BC invasiveness, and the importance of interactions between TGF-β and Wnt signalling, involving SnON. Such pathways may contribute towards identifying possible targets for therapeutic intervention in BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Pal
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Jennifer C. Ashworth
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Pamela Collier
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Catherine Probert
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Sal Jones
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Eduardo Pernaut Leza
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Marian L. Meakin
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Alison A. Ritchie
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - David Onion
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- SVMS, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Anna M. Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Recent development has enabled synergistic drugs in treating a wide range of cancers. Being highly context-dependent, however, identification of successful ones often requires screening of combinational dose on different testing platforms in order to gain the best anticancer effects. To facilitate the development of effective computational models, we reviewed the latest strategy in searching optimal dose combination from three perspectives: (1) mainly experimental-based approach; (2) Computational-guided experimental approach; and (3) mainly computational-based approach. In addition to the introduction of each strategy, critical discussion of their advantages and disadvantages were also included, with a strong focus on the current applications and future improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuojing Yin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeliang Deng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suksiriworapong J, Taresco V, Ivanov DP, Styliari ID, Sakchaisri K, Junyaprasert VB, Garnett MC. Synthesis and properties of a biodegradable polymer-drug conjugate: Methotrexate-poly(glycerol adipate). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:115-125. [PMID: 29631222 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates have been actively developed as potential anticancer drug delivery systems. In this study, we report the first polymer-anticancer drug conjugate with poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) through the successful conjugation of methotrexate (MTX). MTX-PGA conjugates were controllably and simply fabricated by carbodiimide-mediated coupling reaction with various high molar ratios of MTX. The MTX-PGA conjugate self-assembled into nanoparticles with size dependent on the amount of conjugated MTX and the pH of medium. Change in particle size was attributed to steric hindrance and bulkiness inside the nanoparticle core and dissociation of free functional groups of the drug. The MTX-PGA nanoparticles were physically stable in media with pH range of 5-9 and ionic strength of up to 0.15 M NaCl and further chemically stable against hydrolysis in pH 7.4 medium over 30 days but enzymatically degradable to release unchanged free drug. Although 30%MTX-PGA nanoparticles exhibited only slightly less potency than free MTX in 791T cells in contrast to previously reported human serum albumin-MTX conjugates which had >300 times lower potency than free MTX. However, the MTX nanoparticles showed 7 times higher toxicity to Saos-2 cells than MTX. Together with the enzymic degradation experiments, these results suggest that with a suitable biodegradable polymer a linker moiety is not a necessary component. These easily synthesised PGA drug conjugates lacking a linker moiety could therefore be an effective new pathway for development of polymer drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraphong Suksiriworapong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Delyan P Ivanov
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ioanna D Styliari
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Krisada Sakchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Varaporn Buraphacheep Junyaprasert
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Martin C Garnett
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|