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Tang Z, Cao H, Xu Y, Yang Q, Wang J, Zhang H. Overall survival time prediction for glioblastoma using multimodal deep KNN. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac6e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe malignant brain tumor with bad prognosis, and overall survival (OS) time prediction is of great clinical value for customized treatment. Recently, many deep learning (DL) based methods have been proposed, and most of them build deep networks to directly map pre-operative images of patients to the OS time. However, such end-to-end prediction is sensitive to data inconsistency and noise. In this paper, inspired by the fact that clinicians usually evaluate patient prognosis according to previously encountered similar cases, we propose a novel multimodal deep KNN based OS time prediction method. Specifically, instead of the end-to-end prediction, for each input patient, our method first search its K nearest patients with known OS time in a learned metric space, and the final OS time of the input patient is jointly determined by the K nearest patients, which is robust to data inconsistency and noise. Moreover, to take advantage of multiple imaging modalities, a new inter-modality loss is introduced to encourage learning complementary features from different modalities. The in-house single-center dataset containing multimodal MR brain images of 78 GBM patients is used to evaluate our method. In addition, to demonstrate that our method is not limited to GBM, a public multi-center dataset (BRATS2019) containing 211 patients with low and high grade gliomas is also used in our experiment. As benefiting from the deep KNN and the inter-modality loss, our method outperforms all methods under evaluation in both datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work, which predicts the OS time of GBM patients in the strategy of KNN under the DL framework.
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Zhong S, Xue J, Cao JJ, Sun B, Sun QF, Bian LG, Hu LY, Pan SJ. The therapeutic value of XL388 in human glioma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22550-22563. [PMID: 33159013 PMCID: PMC7746352 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
XL388 is a highly efficient and orally-available ATP-competitive PI3K-mTOR dual inhibitor. Its activity against glioma cells was studied here. In established and primary human glioma cells, XL388 potently inhibited cell survival and proliferation as well as cell migration, invasion and cell cycle progression. The dual inhibitor induced significant apoptosis activation in glioma cells. In A172 cells and primary human glioma cells, XL388 inhibited Akt-mTORC1/2 activation by blocking phosphorylation of Akt and S6K1. XL388-induced glioma cell death was only partially attenuated by a constitutively-active mutant Akt1. Furthermore, it was cytotoxic against Akt1-knockout A172 glioma cells. XL388 downregulated MAF bZIP transcription factor G (MAFG) and inhibited Nrf2 signaling, causing oxidative injury in glioma cells. Conversely, antioxidants, n-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and AGI-106, alleviated XL388-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in glioma cells. Oral administration of XL388 inhibited subcutaneous A172 xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Akt-S6K1 inhibition and MAFG downregulation were detected in XL388-treated A172 xenograft tissues. Collectively, XL388 efficiently inhibits human glioma cell growth, through Akt-mTOR-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Cao
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Fang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Guan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-Yun Hu
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chang KF, Huang XF, Chang JT, Huang YC, Lo WS, Hsiao CY, Tsai NM. Cedrol, a Sesquiterpene Alcohol, Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Temozolomide in Attenuating Drug Resistance via Regulation of the DNA Damage Response and MGMT Expression. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3021-3029. [PMID: 32960603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 12-15 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent used in GBM therapy, but the occurrence of drug resistance limits its antitumor activity. The natural compound cedrol has remarkable antitumor activity and is derived from Cedrus atlantica. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of TMZ and cedrol in GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. The TMZ and cedrol combination treatment resulted in consistently higher suppression of cell proliferation via regulation of the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in GBM cells. The combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage better than either drug alone. Furthermore, cedrol reduced the expression of proteins associated with drug resistance, including O6-methlyguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), and CD133 in TMZ-treated GBM cells. In the animal study, the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth through the induction of cell apoptosis and decreased TMZ drug resistance. Moreover, cedrol-treated mice exhibited no significant differences in body weight and improved TMZ-induced liver damage. These results imply that cedrol may be a potential novel agent for combination treatment with TMZ for GBM therapy that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jinghua Tsai Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Syuan Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, 60002, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang J, Qin C, Zhong C, Wen Y, Ke S, Liao B. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 targeting miR-18a suppresses glioblastoma cell growth, metastasis and EMT in vitro and in vivo. J Biosci 2020; 45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Feng L, Lin T, Che H, Wang X. Long noncoding RNA DANCR knockdown inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma by regulating miR-135a-5p/BMI1. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32099526 PMCID: PMC7029463 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with high mortality rate around the world. LncRNAs have been identified to play key roles in tumorigenesis in various cancers, including glioma. However, the precise mechanism of DANCR in progression of glioma remains poorly defined. Methods The expression levels of DANCR, miR-135a-5p and BMI1 were measured by qRT-PCR in glioma tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. The possible binding sites of miR-135a-5p and DANCR or BMI1 were predicted by online software and verified using luciferase report assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Western blot analysis was carried out to detect the protein of BMI1 expression. A xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the functions of DANCR in glioma progression in vivo. Results DANCR was upregulated and miR-135a-5p was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of DANCR inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells. In addition, miR-135a-5p was a direct target of DANCR, and its elevated expression could reverse miR-135a-5p inhibition-mediated progression of glioma. Moreover, miR-135a-5p could specially bind to BMI1, and the expression of BMI1 was obviously elevated in glioma tissues and cells. Furthermore, DANCR acted as a ceRNA to regulate BMI1 expression and BMI1-mediated effects on progression of glioma by sponging miR-135a-5p. Besides, inhibition of DANCR limited tumor growth by regulating miR-135a-5p and BMI1 expression in vivo. Conclusion DANCR knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells through regulating miR-135a-5p/BMI1 axis, providing viable therapeutic avenues for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xidian Group Hospital, No. 97, Fengdeng road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710000 Shaanxi China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xidian Group Hospital, No. 97, Fengdeng road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710000 Shaanxi China
| | - Haijiang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xidian Group Hospital, No. 97, Fengdeng road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xidian Group Hospital, No. 97, Fengdeng road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710000 Shaanxi China
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Shen G, Mao Y, Su Z, Du J, Yu Y, Xu F. PSMB8-AS1 activated by ELK1 promotes cell proliferation in glioma via regulating miR-574-5p/RAB10. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109658. [PMID: 31812014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) get great involvements in the development of countless cancers. Nonetheless, the deep molecular mechanism by which lncRNA regulates the formation of glioma is unclear. In our study, the expression of PSMB8-AS1 was dramatically upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, further, PSMB8-AS1 silencing restrained cell proliferation in glioma, and the results of PSMB8-AS1 overexpression were opposite. Moreover, PSMB8-AS1 could bind with miR-574-5p, which was low expressed in glioma cells. In addition, RAB10 acted the target gene of miR-574-5p, and PSMB8-AS1 could regulate RAB10 via modulating miR-574-5p. Besides, miR-574-5p inhibitor/mimics remedied the repressive/simulative role of PSMB8-AS1 depletion/overexpression, and RAB10 downregulation/upregulation reversed the encouraging/blocked function caused by miR-574-5p inhibitor/mimics in PSMB8-AS1 depletion/overexpression transfected glioma cells. Additionally, ELK1, a transcription factor, could active PSMB8-AS1 expression. To be concluded, PSMB8-AS1 activated by ELK1 promotes cell proliferation in glioma via regulating miR-574-5p/RAB10, which may be contributory to find new targets to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Yuhang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Zuopeng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Jiarui Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fulin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
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Abstract
Ninjurin2 (Ninj2) is an adhesion protein expressed in neurons and glial cells. The current study tested its expression and potential functions in human glioma. We show that Ninj2 mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in human glioma cells and tissues. In established and primary human glioma cells, Ninj2 shRNA or knockout (by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing) potently inhibited cell survival, growth, proliferation, cell migration and invasion, while inducing apoptosis activation. Contrarily, ectopic overexpression of Ninj2 promoted glioma cell progression in vitro. In human glioma tissues and cells, Ninj2 co-immunoprecipitated with multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, PDGFRβ and FGFR), required for downstream Akt and Erk activation. Akt and Erk activation was potently inhibited by Ninj2 shRNA or knockout, but enhanced with ectopic Ninj2 overexpression in glioma cells. In summary, we show that Ninj2 overexpression promotes glioma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shang Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Guo J, Shen S, Liu X, Ruan X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Liu L, Ma J, Ma T, Shao L, Wang D, Yang C, Xue Y. Role of linc00174/miR-138-5p (miR-150-5p)/FOSL2 Feedback Loop on Regulating the Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019; 18:1072-1090. [PMID: 31791014 PMCID: PMC6906710 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) limits the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs to brain tumor tissues and impacts the treatment of glioma. Long non-coding RNAs play critical roles in various biological processes of tumors; however, the function of these in BTB permeability is still unclear. In this study, we have identified that long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 174 (linc00174) was upregulated in glioma endothelial cells (GECs) from glioma tissues. Additionally, linc00174 was also upregulated in GECs from the BTB model in vitro. Knock down of linc00174 increased BTB permeability and reduced the expression of the tight junction-related proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. Both bioinformatics data and results of luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that linc00174 regulated BTB permeability by binding to miR-138-5p and miR-150-5p. Furthermore, knock down of linc00174 inhibited FOSL2 expression via upregulating miR-138-5p and miR-150-5p. FOSL2 interacted with the promoter regions and upregulated the promoter activity of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5, and linc00174 in GECs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the linc00174/miR-138-5p (miR-150-5p)/FOSL2 feedback loop played an essential role in regulating BTB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqi Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Sinha S, Renganathan A, Nagendra PB, Bhat V, Mathew BS, Rao MRS. AEBP1 down regulation induced cell death pathway depends on PTEN status of glioma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14577. [PMID: 31601918 PMCID: PMC6787275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive form of brain cancer with overall dismal prognosis (10–12 months) despite all current multimodal treatments. Previously we identified adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) as a differentially regulated gene in GBM. On probing the role of AEBP1 over expression in glioblastoma, we found that both cellular proliferation and survival were affected upon AEBP1 silencing in glioma cells, resulting in cell death. In the present study we report that the classical caspase pathway components are not activated in cell death induced by AEBP1 down regulation in PTEN-deficient (U87MG and U138MG) cells. PARP-1 was not cleaved but over-activated under AEBP1 down regulation which leads to the synthesis of PAR in the nucleus triggering the release of AIF from the mitochondria. Subsequently, AIF translocates to the nucleus along with MIF causing chromatinolysis. AEBP1 positively regulates PI3KinaseCβ by the binding to AE-1 binding element in the PI3KinaseCβ promoter. Loss of PI3KinaseCβ expression under AEBP1 depleted condition leads to excessive DNA damage and activation of PARP-1. Furthermore, over expression of PIK3CB (in trans) in U138MG cells prevents DNA damage in these AEBP1 depleted cells. On the contrary, AEBP1 down regulation induces caspase-dependent cell death in PTEN-proficient (LN18 and LN229) cells. Ectopic expression of wild-type PTEN in PTEN-deficient U138MG cells results in the activation of canonical caspase and Akt dependent cell death. Collectively, our findings define AEBP1 as a potential oncogenic driver in glioma, with potential implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sinha
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India.,Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prathima B Nagendra
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India.,Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian Steve Mathew
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India
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Llaguno-Munive M, Romero-Piña M, Serrano-Bello J, Medina LA, Uribe-Uribe N, Salazar AM, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Garcia-Lopez P. Mifepristone Overcomes Tumor Resistance to Temozolomide Associated with DNA Damage Repair and Apoptosis in an Orthotopic Model of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010016. [PMID: 30583528 PMCID: PMC6356343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is surgery followed by chemo/radiotherapy. A major limitation on patient improvement is the high resistance of tumors to drug treatment, likely responsible for their subsequent recurrence and rapid progression. Therefore, alternatives to the standard therapy are necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether mifepristone, an antihormonal agent, has a synergistic effect with temozolomide (used in standard therapy for gliomas). Whereas the mechanism of temozolomide involves damage to tumor DNA leading to apoptosis, tumor resistance is associated with DNA damage repair through the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) enzyme. Temozolomide/mifepristone treatment, herein examined in Wistar rats after orthotopically implanting C6 glioma cells, markedly reduced proliferation. This was evidenced by a decreased level of the following parameters: a proliferation marker (Ki-67), a tumor growth marker (18F-fluorothymidine uptake, determined by PET/CT images), and the MGMT enzyme. Increased apoptosis was detected by the relative expression of related proteins, (e.g. Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bax (bcl-2-like protein 4) and caspase-3). Thus, greater apoptosis of tumor cells caused by their diminished capacity to repair DNA probably contributed significantly to the enhanced activity of temozolomide. The results suggest that mifepristone could possibly act as a chemo-sensitizing agent for temozolomide during chemotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Llaguno-Munive
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Mario Romero-Piña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Janeth Serrano-Bello
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luis A Medina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Norma Uribe-Uribe
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Ana Maria Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
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Shen F, Chang H, Gao G, Zhang B, Li X, Jin B. Long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 promotes glioma malignancy and tumorigenesis via targeting miR-185-5p/CCND2 axis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9324-9336. [PMID: 30520141 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive malignant tumor in the adult central nervous system. Abnormal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD2-AS1 expression was associated with tumor development. However, the possible role of FOXD2-AS1 in the progression of glioma is not known. In the present study, we used in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the effect of abnormal expression of FOXD2-AS1 on glioma progression and to explore the mechanisms. FOXD2-AS1 was upregulated in glioma tissue, cells, and sphere subpopulation. Upregulation of FOXD2-AS1 was correlated with poor prognosis of glioma. Downregulation of FOXD2-AS1 decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells and inhibited tumor growth in transplanted tumor. We also revealed that FOXD2-AS1 was mainly located in cytoplasm and microRNA (miR)-185-5p both targeted FOXD2-AS1 and CCND2 messenger RNA (mRNA) 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). miR-185-5p was downregulated in glioma tissue, cells, and sphere subpopulation. Downregulation of miR-185-5p was closely correlated with poor prognosis of glioma patients. In addition, miR-185-5p mimics decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and EMT in glioma cells. CCND2 was upregulated in glioma tissue, cells, and sphere subpopulation. Upregulation of CCND2 was closely correlated with poor prognosis of glioma patients. CCND2 knockdown decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in glioma cells. In glioma tissues, CCND2 expression was negatively associated with miR-185-5p, but positively correlated with FOXD2-AS1. FOXD2-AS1 knockdown and miR-185-5p mimics decreased CCND2 expression. Inhibition of miR-185-5p suppressed FOXD2-AS1 knockdown-induced decrease of CCND2 expression. Overexpression of CCND2 suppressed FOXD2-AS1 knockdown-induced inhibition of glioma malignancy. Taken together, our findings highlight the FOXD2-AS1/miR-185-5p/CCND2 axis in the glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazheng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Haigang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of The Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
| | - Baozhe Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, China
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12
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Kaverina NV, Kadagidze ZG, Borovjagin AV, Karseladze AI, Kim CK, Lesniak MS, Miska J, Zhang P, Baryshnikova MA, Xiao T, Ornelles D, Cobbs C, Khramtsov A, Ulasov IV. Tamoxifen overrides autophagy inhibition in Beclin-1-deficient glioma cells and their resistance to adenovirus-mediated oncolysis via upregulation of PUMA and BAX. Oncogene 2018; 37:6069-82. [PMID: 29991800 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process regulating cellular homeostasis via digestion of dysfunctional proteins and whole cellular organelles by mechanisms, involving their enclosure into double-membrane vacuoles that are subsequently fused to lysosomes. Glioma stem cells utilize autophagy as a main mechanism of cell survival and stress response. Most recently, we and others demonstrated induction of autophagy in gliomas in response to treatment with chemical drugs, such as temozolomide (TMZ) or oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads). As autophagy has been implicated in the mechanism of Ad-mediated cell killing, autophagy deficiency in some glioma tumors could be the reason for their resistance to oncolysis. Despite the observed connection, the exact relationship between autophagy-activating cell signaling and adenoviral infection remains unclear. Here, we report that inhibition of autophagy in target glioma cells induces their resistance to killing by oncolytic agent CRAd-S-5/3. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of autophagy inducer Beclin-1 inhibits replication-competent Ad-induced oncolysis of human glioma by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing premature senescence. To overcome the autophagy-deficient state of such glioma cells and restore their susceptibility to oncolytic Ad infection, we propose treating glioma tumors with an anticancer drug tamoxifen (TAM) as a means to induce apoptosis in Ad-targeted cancer cells via upregulation of BAX/PUMA genes. In agreement with the above hypothesis, our data suggest that TAM improves susceptibility of Beclin-1-deficient glioma cells to CRAd-S-5/3 oncolysis by means of activating autophagy and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways in the target cancer cells.
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13
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Wang X, Yan Y, Zhang C, Wei W, Ai X, Pang Y, Bian Y. Upregulation of lncRNA PlncRNA-1 indicates the poor prognosis and promotes glioma progression by activation of Notch signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:216-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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14
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Oushy S, Hellwinkel JE, Wang M, Nguyen GJ, Gunaydin D, Harland TA, Anchordoquy TJ, Graner MW. Glioblastoma multiforme-derived extracellular vesicles drive normal astrocytes towards a tumour-enhancing phenotype. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0477. [PMID: 29158308 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating tumour with abysmal prognoses. We desperately need novel approaches to understand GBM biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanospheres released locally and systemically by all cells, including tumours, with tremendous potential for intercellular communication. Tumour EVs manipulate their local environments as well as distal targets; EVs may be a mechanism for tumourigenesis in the recurrent GBM setting. We hypothesized that GBM EVs drive molecular changes in normal human astrocytes (NHAs), yielding phenotypically tumour-promoting, or even tumourigenic, entities. We incubated NHAs with GBM EVs and examined the astrocytes for changes in cell migration, cytokine release and tumour cell growth promotion via the conditioned media. We measured alterations in intracellular signalling and transformation capacity (astrocyte growth in soft agar). GBM EV-treated NHAs displayed increased migratory capacity, along with enhanced cytokine production which promoted tumour cell growth. GBM EV-treated NHAs developed tumour-like signalling patterns and exhibited colony formation in soft agar, reminiscent of tumour cells themselves. GBM EVs modify the local environment to benefit the tumour itself, co-opting neighbouring astrocytes to promote tumour growth, and perhaps even driving astrocytes to a tumourigenic phenotype. Such biological activities could have profound impacts in the recurrent GBM setting.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliman Oushy
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin E Hellwinkel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mary Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ger J Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dicle Gunaydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa A Harland
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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15
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Liu YY, Chen MB, Cheng L, Zhang ZQ, Yu ZQ, Jiang Q, Chen G, Cao C. microRNA-200a downregulation in human glioma leads to Gαi1 over-expression, Akt activation, and cell proliferation. Oncogene 2018. [PMID: 29520106 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a pivotal role for G protein α inhibitory subunit 1 (Gαi1) in mediating PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Here, we examined the expression and biological function of Gαi1 in human glioma. Gαi1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated in human glioma tissues, which correlated with downregulation of an anti-Gαi1 miRNA: microRNA-200a ("miR-200a"). Forced-expression of miR-200a in established (A172/U251MG lines) and primary (patient-derived) human glioma cells resulted in Gαi1 downregulation, Akt inactivation and proliferation inhibition. Reduction of Gαi1 expression by shRNA, dominant negative mutant interference, or complete Gαi1 depletion inhibited Akt activation and cell proliferation. Notably, miR-200a was unable to inhibit glioma cell proliferation when Gαi1 was silenced or mutated. Co-immunoprecipitation studies, in human glioma cells and tissues, show that Gαi1 forms a complex with multiple RTKs (EGFR, PDGFRα, and FGFR) and the adapter protein Gab1. In vivo, the growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic glioma xenografts in nude mice was largely inhibited by expression of Gαi1 shRNA or miRNA-200a. Collectively, miR-200a downregulation in human glioma leads to Gαi1 over-expression, Akt activation and glioma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Quan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Cong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,North District, The Municipal Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
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16
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Qu M, Yu J, Liu H, Ren Y, Ma C, Bu X, Lan Q. The Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene SLC8A2 Inhibits Invasion, Angiogenesis and Growth of Glioblastoma. Mol Cells 2017; 40:761-772. [PMID: 29047259 PMCID: PMC5682253 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Solute carrier family 8 member 2 (SLC8A2) is only expressed in normal brain, but not present in other human normal tissues or in gliomas. Therefore, we hypothesized that SLC8A2 might be a glioma tumor suppressor gene and detected the role of SLC8A2 in glioblastoma and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. The glioblastoma U87MG cells stably transfected with the lentivirus plasmid containg SLC8A2 (U87MG-SLC8A2) and negative control (U87MG-NC) were constructed. In the present study, we found that the tumorigenicity of U87MG in nude mice was totally inhibited by SLC8A2. Overexpression of SLC8A2 had no effect on cell proliferation or cell cycle, but impaired the invasion and migration of U87MG cells, most likely through inactivating the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway, inhibiting the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), reducing the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-its receptor (uPAR) system (ERK1/2-NF-κB-MMPs/uPA-uPAR), and altering the protein levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT)-associated proteins E-cardherin, vimentin and Snail. In addition, SLC8A2 inhibited the angiogenesis of U87MG cells, probably through combined inhibition of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-nondependent angiogenesis (vascular mimicry pattern). Totally, SLC8A2 serves as a tumor suppressor gene and inhibits invasion, angiogenesis and growth of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,
P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University,
P.R. China
| | - Ju Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,
P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mianyang Central Hospital,
P.R. China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University,
P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,
P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University,
P.R. China
| | - Xingyao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,
P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University,
P.R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,
P.R. China
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17
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Yu X, Wang W. Tumor suppressor microRNA‑613 inhibits glioma cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6729-6735. [PMID: 28901424 PMCID: PMC5865827 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‑coding RNAs which can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in glioma. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of miR‑613 in glioma. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to detect miR‑613 in glioma cells and tissues and the relationship between miR‑613 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. In addition, glioma cells were transfected with miR‑613 mimics and the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA was detected using RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The proliferative, invasive and tube formation capabilities of transfected cells were also assessed in vitro. Furthermore, a nude mouse tumor xenograft model was used to investigate the effects of miR‑613 on tumor growth in vivo. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of miR‑613 was decreased in glioma cell lines, and was associated with the grade of glioma. Ectopic expression of miR‑613 markedly suppressed glioma cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR‑613 inhibited tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in xenografted nude mice in vivo. VEGFA was demonstrated as a direct target of miR‑613, as detected by western blot and luciferase reporter assays, and mediated miR‑613 induced glioma cell proliferation and angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternal and Child Health‑Care Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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18
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19
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Xu LQ, Tan SB, Huang S, Ding HY, Li WG, Zhang Y, Li SQ, Wang T. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 is overexpressed in glioma and promotes glioma cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54227-54235. [PMID: 28903336 PMCID: PMC5589575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and potential biological functions of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) in human glioma are tested in this study. We show that protein and mRNA expression of GRK6 in human glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal brain tissues. Further immunohistochemistry assay analyzing total 118 human glioma tissues showed that GRK6 over-expression was correlated with glioma pathologic grade and patients’ Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score. At the molecular level, in the GRK6-low H4 glioma cells, forced over-expression of GRK6 promoted cell proliferation. Reversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GRK6 in the U251MG (GRK6-high) cells led to proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. Intriguingly, GRK6 could also be an important temozolomide resistance factor. Temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity was prominent only in GRK6-low H4 glioma cells. On the other hand, knockdown of GRK6 by targeted siRNA sensitized U251MG cells (GRK6-high) to temozolomide. Thus, GRK6 over-expression in glioma is important for cell proliferation and temozolomide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Quan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shu-Bin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - He-Yuan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, HuaShan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, HuaShan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 5th People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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20
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Jia P, Li F, Gu W, Zhang W, Cai Y. Gab3 overexpression in human glioma mediates Akt activation and tumor cell proliferation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173473. [PMID: 28291820 PMCID: PMC5349442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This current study tested expression and potential biological functions of Gab3 in human glioma. Gab3 mRNA and protein expression was significantly elevated in human glioma tissues and glioma cells. Its level was however low in normal brain tissues and primary human astrocytes. In both established (U251MG cell line) and primary human glioma cells, Gab3 knockdown by shRNA/siRNA significantly inhibited Akt activation and cell proliferation. Reversely, forced Gab3 overexpression in U251MG cells promoted Akt activation and cell proliferation. In vivo, the growth of U251MG tumors in nude mice was inhibited following expressing Gab3 shRNA. Akt activation in cancer tissues was also suppressed by Gab3 shRNA. Together, we conclude that Gab3 overexpression in human glioma mediates Akt activation and cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pifeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, RuiJin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, RuiJin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, RuiJin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, RuiJin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, RuiJin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Zeng J, Du T, Song Y, Gao Y, Li F, Wu R, Chen Y, Li W, Zhou H, Yang Y, Pei Z. Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA CCAT2 Inhibits Cellular Proliferation, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioma Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:913-921. [PMID: 27938499 PMCID: PMC7841131 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14792098307036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) has been demonstrated to play an important role in diverse tumorigenesis. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in glioma is still unknown. In this study, we found that lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell lines and associated with tumor grade and size. Furthermore, patients with high levels of lncRNA CCAT2 had poorer survival than those with lower levels of lncRNA CCAT2. Knocking down lncRNA CCAT2 expression significantly suppressed the glioma cell growth, migration, and invasion, as well as induced early apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. Moreover, lncRNA CCAT2 regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated gene expression. In conclusion, lncRNA CCAT2 plays an important role in glioma tumorigenesis and progression and may act as a potential biomarker for therapeutic strategy and prognostic prediction.
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22
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Jiang H, Liu W, Zhan SK, Pan YX, Bian LG, Sun B, Sun QF, Pan SJ. GSK621 Targets Glioma Cells via Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signalings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161017. [PMID: 27532105 PMCID: PMC4988667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we studied the anti-glioma cell activity by a novel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator GSK621. We showed that GSK621 was cytotoxic to human glioma cells (U87MG and U251MG lines), possibly via provoking caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Its cytotoxicity was alleviated by caspase inhibitors. GSK621 activated AMPK to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and downregulate Tetraspanin 8 (Tspan8) in glioma cells. AMPK inhibition, through shRNA knockdown of AMPKα or introduction of a dominant negative (T172A) AMPKα, almost reversed GSK621-induced AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition and Tspan8 degradation. Consequently, GSK621’s cytotoxicity in glioma cells was also significantly attenuated by AMPKα knockdown or mutation. Further studies showed that GSK621, at a relatively low concentration, significantly potentiated temozolomide (TMZ)’s sensitivity and lethality against glioma cells. We summarized that GSK621 inhibits human glioma cells possibly via activating AMPK signaling. This novel AMPK activator could be a novel and promising anti-glioma cell agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Kun Zhan
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Pan
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Guan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Fang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (Q-FS); (S-JP)
| | - Si-Jian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (Q-FS); (S-JP)
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23
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Abstract
Rictor upregulation and mTORC complex 2 (mTORC2) over-activation participate in glioma cell progression, yet the underling mechanisms are not known. We here identified microRNA-153 (miR-153) as a potential anti-Rictor miRNA, which was downregulated in multiple human glioma tissues and glioma cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U373MG and U251MG). miR-153 downregulation was correlated with Rictor (mRNA and protein) upregulation and p-Akt Ser473 (the mTORC2 indicator) over-activation in the glioma tissues and cells. Our in vitro evidences suggested that Rictor could be one primary target of miR-153 in glioma cells. Exogenous overexpression of miR-153 downregulated Rictor (mRNA and protein) and decreased p-Akt Ser473 in U87MG cells, leading to significant growth inhibition and apoptosis activation. Notably, U87MG cells with Rictor shRNA knockdown showed similar phenotypes of cells with miR-153 overexpression. More importantly, in Rictor-silenced U87MG cells, miR-153 expression failed to further affect cell growth nor apoptosis. In vivo, we showed that miR-153 overexpression dramatically inhibited U87MG tumor growth in nude mice. Together, these results suggest that miR-153 downregulation could be one important reason of Rictor upregulation and mTORC2 over-activation in glioma cells. Further, miR-153-induced anti-glioma cell activity is possibly via downregulating Rictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chang Sha, 410011,China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chang Sha, 410011,China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chang Sha, 410011,China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Chang Sha, 410011,China
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24
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Abstract
Never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 1 (Nek1) regulates cell cycle progression to mitosis. Its expression and potential functions in human gliomas have not been studied. Here, our immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and Western blot assay results showed that Nek1 expression was significantly upregulated in fresh and paraffin-embedded human glioma tissues. Its level in normal brain tissues was low. Nek1 overexpression in human gliomas was correlated with the proliferation marker (Ki-67), tumor grade, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) and more importantly, patients' poor survival. Further studies showed that Nek1 expression level was also increased in multiple human glioma cell lines (U251-MG, U87-MG, U118, H4 and U373). Significantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nek1 inhibited glioma cell (U87-MG/U251-MG) growth. Nek1 siRNA also sensitized U87-MG/U251-MG cells to temozolomide (TMZ), causing a profound apoptosis induction and growth inhibition. The current study indicates Nek1 might be a novel and valuable oncotarget of glioma, it is important for glioma cell growth and TMZ-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pin Liu
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao S, Xu Z. Network and pathway analysis of microRNAs, transcription factors, target genes and host genes in human glioma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3534-3542. [PMID: 27123147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been rapid development with regard to gene and microRNA (miR/miRNA) research in gliomas. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the associated genes and miRNAs remain unclear. In the present study, the genes, miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) were considered as elements in the regulatory network, and focus was placed on the associations between TFs and miRNAs, miRNAs and target genes, and miRNAs and host genes. In order to show the regulatory correlation clearly, all the elements were investigated and three regulatory networks, namely the differentially-expressed, related and global networks, were constructed. Certain important pathways were highlighted, with analysis of the similarities and differences among the networks. Next, the upstream and downstream elements of differentially-expressed genes, miRNAs and predicted TFs were listed. The most notable aspect of the present study was the three levels of network, particularly the differentially-expressed network, since the differentially-expressed associations that these networks provide appear at the initial stages of cancers such as glioma. If the states of the differentially-expressed associations can be adjusted to the normal state via alterations in regulatory associations, which were also recorded in the study networks and tables, it is likely that cancer can be regulated or even avoided. In the present study, the differentially-expressed network illuminated the pathogenesis of glioma; for example, a TF can regulate one or more miRNAs, and a target gene can be targeted by one or more miRNAs. Therefore, the host genes and target genes, the host genes and TFs, and the target genes and TFs indirectly affect each other through miRNAs. The association also exists between TFs and TFs, target genes and target genes, and host genes and host genes. The present study also demonstrated self-adaption associations and circle-regulations. The related network further described the regulatory mechanism associated with glioma. These results can be utilized to adjust the states. The present study expounded the regulatory mechanisms of glioma and supplied theoretical data for further studies, in which greater attention should be focused on the highlighted genes and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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26
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Kim M, Barone TA, Fedtsova N, Gleiberman A, Wilfong CD, Alosi JA, Plunkett RJ, Gudkov A, Skitzki JJ. A murine model of targeted infusion for intracranial tumors. J Neurooncol 2016; 126:37-45. [PMID: 26376657 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, intra-arterial (IA) drug administration for malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was performed as an attempt to improve drug delivery. With the advent of percutaneous neuorovascular techniques and modern microcatheters, intracranial drug delivery is readily feasible; however, the question remains whether IA administration is safe and more effective compared to other delivery modalities such as intravenous (IV) or oral administrations. Preclinical large animal models allow for comparisons between treatment routes and to test novel agents, but can be expensive and difficult to generate large numbers and rapid results. Accordingly, we developed a murine model of IA drug delivery for GBM that is reproducible with clear readouts of tumor response and neurotoxicities. Herein, we describe a novel mouse model of IA drug delivery accessing the internal carotid artery to treat ipsilateral implanted GBM tumors that is consistent and reproducible with minimal experience. The intent of establishing this unique platform is to efficiently interrogate targeted anti-tumor agents that may be designed to take advantage of a directed, regional therapy approach for brain tumors.
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27
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Ströbele S, Schneider M, Schneele L, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Zhou S, Karpel-Massle G, Westhoff MA, Halatsch ME, Debatin KM. A Potential Role for the Inhibition of PI3K Signaling in Glioblastoma Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131670. [PMID: 26121251 PMCID: PMC4488267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and among the most difficult to treat malignancies per se. In almost 90% of all GBM alterations in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR have been found, making this survival cascade a promising therapeutic target, particular for combination therapy that combines an apoptosis sensitizer, such as a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K, with an apoptosis inducer, such as radio- or chemotherapy. However, while in vitro data focusing mainly on established cell lines has appeared rather promising, this has not translated well to a clinical setting. In this study, we analyze the effects of the dual kinase inhibitor PI-103, which blocks PI3K and mTOR activity, on three matched pairs of GBM stem cells/differentiated cells. While blocking PI3K-mediated signaling has a profound effect on cellular proliferation, in contrast to data presented on two GBM cell lines (A172 and U87) PI-103 actually counteracts the effect of chemotherapy. While we found no indications for a potential role of the PI3K signaling cascade in differentiation, we saw a clear and strong contribution to cellular motility and, by extension, invasion. While blocking PI3K-mediated signaling concurrently with application of chemotherapy does not appear to be a valid treatment option, pharmacological inhibitors, such as PI-103, nevertheless have an important place in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ströbele
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Schneele
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shaoxia Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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28
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Pan SJ, Zhan SK, Pan YX, Liu W, Bian LG, Sun B, Sun QF. Tetraspanin 8-rictor-integrin α3 complex is required for glioma cell migration. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5363-74. [PMID: 25761241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant glioma remains one of the most aggressive human malignancies with extremely poor prognosis. Glioma cell invasion and migration are the main causes of death. In the current study, we studied the expression and the potential functions of tetraspanin 8 (Tspan8) in malignant gliomas. We found that Tspan8 expression level is high in both malignant glioma tissues and in several human glioma cell lines, where it formed a complex integrin α3 and rictor, the latter is a key component of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2). Disruption of this complex, through siRNA-mediated knockdown of anyone of these three proteins, inhibited U251MG glioma cell migration in vitro. We further showed that Tspan8-rictor association appeared required for mTORC2 activation. Knockdown of Tspan8 by the targeted siRNAs prevented mTOR-rictor (mTORC2) assembly as well as phosphorylation of AKT (Ser-473) and protein kinase C α (PKCα) in U251MG cells. Together, these results demonstrate that over-expressed Tspan8 in malignant glioma forms a complex with rictor and integrin α3 to mediate mTORC2 activation and glioma cell migration. Therefore, targeting Tspan8-rictor-integrin α3 complex may provide a potential therapeutic intervention for malignant glioma.
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Pan SJ, Wu YB, Cai S, Pan YX, Liu W, Bian LG, Sun B, Sun QF. Over-expression of tetraspanin 8 in malignant glioma regulates tumor cell progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Sforna L, Cenciarini M, Belia S, D'Adamo MC, Pessia M, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. The role of ion channels in the hypoxia-induced aggressiveness of glioblastoma. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:467. [PMID: 25642170 PMCID: PMC4295544 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma multiform (GBM), the most common and aggressive form of human brain tumors, strongly correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas, but the mechanisms controlling the hypoxia-induced aggressiveness are still unclear. GBM cells express a number of ion channels whose activity supports cell volume changes and increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, ultimately leading to cell proliferation, migration or death. In several cell types it has previously been shown that low oxygen levels regulate the expression and activity of these channels, and more recent data indicate that this also occurs in GBM cells. Based on these findings, it may be hypothesized that the modulation of ion channel activity or expression by the hypoxic environment may participate in the acquisition of the aggressive phenotype observed in GBM cells residing in a hypoxic environment. If this hypothesis will be confirmed, the use of available ion channels modulators may be considered for implementing novel therapeutic strategies against these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Cenciarini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Belia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
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31
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Yusubalieva GM, Baklaushev VP, Gurina OI, Zorkina YA, Gubskii IL, Kobyakov GL, Golanov AV, Goryainov SA, Gorlachev GE, Konovalov AN, Potapov AA, Chekhonin VP. Treatment of Poorly Differentiated Glioma Using a Combination of Monoclonal Antibodies to Extracellular Connexin-43 Fragment, Temozolomide, and Radiotherapy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:510-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Chen JC, Hwang JH, Chiu WH, Chan YC. Tetrandrine and Caffeine Modulated Cell Cycle and Increased Glioma Cell Death via Caspase-Dependent and Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:700-6. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.902974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Cho DY, Lin SZ, Yang WK, Lee HC, Hsu DM, Lin HL, Chen CC, Liu CL, Lee WY, Ho LH. Targeting cancer stem cells for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Cell Transplant 2014; 22:731-9. [PMID: 23594862 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are radioresistant and chemoresistant, which eventually results in tumor recurrence. Targeting CSCs for treatment is the most crucial issue. There are five methods for targeting the CSCs of GBM. One is to develop a new chemotherapeutic agent specific to CSCs. A second is to use a radiosensitizer to enhance the radiotherapy effect on CSCs. A third is to use immune cells to attack the CSCs. In a fourth method, an agent is used to promote CSCs to differentiate into normal cells. Finally, ongoing gene therapy may be helpful. New therapeutic agents for targeting a signal pathway, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) or protein kinase inhibitors, have been used for GBM but for CSCs the effects still require further evaluation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors have proven to be effective for increasing radiation sensitivity of CSCs in culture. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the promising immunotherapeutic agents in clinical trials and may provide another innovative method for eradication of CSCs. Bone-morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an agent used to induce CSCs to differentiate into normal glial cells. Research on gene therapy by viral vector is also being carried out in clinical trials. Targeting CSCs by eliminating the GBM tumor may provide an innovative way to reduce tumor recurrence by providing a synergistic effect with conventional treatment. The combination of conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy with stem cell-orientated therapy may provide a new promising treatment for reducing GBM recurrence and improving the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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34
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wang F, Ling EA, Liu S, Wang L, Yang Y, Yao L, Chen X, Wang F, Shi W, Gao M, Hao A. Melatonin antagonizes hypoxia-mediated glioblastoma cell migration and invasion via inhibition of HIF-1α. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:121-30. [PMID: 23551342 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a crucial factor in tumor aggressiveness and resistance to therapy, especially in glioblastoma. Our previous results have shown that melatonin exerts antimigratory and anti-invasive action in glioblastoma cells under normoxia. However, the effect of melatonin on migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells under hypoxic condition remains poorly understood. Here, we show that melatonin strongly reduced hypoxia-mediated invasion and migration of U251 and U87 glioblastoma cells. In addition, we found that melatonin significantly blocked HIF-1α protein expression and suppressed the expression of downstream target genes, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, melatonin destabilized hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein via its antioxidant activity against ROS produced by glioblastoma cells in response to hypoxia. Along with this, HIF-1α silencing by small interfering RNA markedly inhibited glioblastoma cell migration and invasion, and this appeared to be associated with MMP-2 and VEGF under hypoxia. Taken together, our findings suggest that melatonin suppresses hypoxia-induced glioblastoma cell migration and invasion via inhibition of HIF-1α. Considering the fact that overexpression of the HIF-1α protein is often detected in glioblastoma multiforme, melatonin may prove to be a potent therapeutic agent for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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35
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Lv L, Zheng L, Dong D, Xu L, Yin L, Xu Y, Qi Y, Han X, Peng J. Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, induces apoptosis and DNA damage through reactive oxygen species: a potential new drug for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:657-69. [PMID: 23871826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural product obtained from medicinal plants shows lipid-lowering, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective effects. However, the effect of it on glioblastoma is unclear. In this study, dioscin significantly inhibited proliferation of C6 glioma cells and caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Ca²⁺ release. ROS accumulation affected levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione disulfide and glutathione, and caused cell apoptosis. In addition, ROS generation caused mitochondrial damage including structural changes, increased mitochondrial permeability transition and decreased mitochondria membrane potential, which led to the release of cytochrome C, nuclear translation of programmed cell death-5 and increased activities of caspase-3,9. Simultaneously, dioscin down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, up-regulated expression of Bak, Bax, Bid and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Also, oxygen stress induced S-phase arrest of cancer cells by way of regulating expression of DNA Topo I, p53, CDK2 and Cyclin A and caused DNA damage. In a rat allograft model, dioscin significantly inhibited tumor size and extended the life cycle of the rats. In conclusion, dioscin shows noteworthy anti-cancer activity on glioblastoma cells by promoting ROS accumulation, inducing DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathways. Ultimately, we believe dioscin has promise as a new therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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36
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Comincini S, Allavena G, Palumbo S, Morini M, Durando F, Angeletti F, Pirtoli L, Miracco C. microRNA-17 regulates the expression of ATG7 and modulates the autophagy process, improving the sensitivity to temozolomide and low-dose ionizing radiation treatments in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:574-86. [PMID: 23792642 PMCID: PMC3742487 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG7 is a key autophagy-promoting gene that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell death and survival of various cell types. We report here that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous 22-24 nucleotide noncoding RNA molecules able to affect stability and translation of mRNA, may represent a novel mechanism for regulating ATG7 expression and therefore autophagy. We demonstrated that ATG7 is a potential target for miR-17, and this miRNA could negatively regulate ATG7 expression, resulting in a modulation of the autophagic status in T98G glioblastoma cells. Treatment of these tumor cells with the miR-17 mimic decreased, and with the antagomir increased, the expression of ATG7 protein. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that a specific miR-17 binding sequence in the 3'-UTR of ATG7 contributed to the modulation of the expression of the gene by miR-17. Interestingly, our results showed that anti-miR-17 administration activated autophagy through autophagosome formation, as resulted by LC3B and ATG7 protein expression increase, and by the analysis of GFP-LC3 positive autophagosome vesicles in living cells. Furthermore, the autophagy activation by anti-miR-17 resulted in a decrease of the threshold resistance at temozolomide doses in T98G cells, while miR-17 modulation in U373-MG glioblastoma cells resulted in a sensitization to low ionizing radiation doses. Our study of the role of miR-17 in regulating ATG7 expression and autophagy reveals a novel function for this miRNA sequence in a critical cellular event with significant impacts in cancer development, progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Comincini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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37
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Millet P, Granotier C, Etienne O, Boussin FD. Radiation-induced upregulation of telomerase activity escapes PI3-kinase inhibition in two malignant glioma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:375-82. [PMID: 23727752 PMCID: PMC3775596 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse after radiotherapy is a great concern in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. Inhibition of the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway is known to radiosensitize cancer cells and to delay their DNA repair after irradiation. In this study, we show that the radiosensitization of CB193 and T98G, two high-grade glioma cell lines, by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, correlates with the induction of G1 and G2/M arrest, but is inconsistently linked to a delayed DNA double-strand break (DSBs) repair. The PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to activate radioprotective factors such as telomerase, whose inhibition may contribute to the radiosensitization of cancer cells. However, we show that radiation upregulates telomerase activity in LY-294002-treated glioma cells as well as untreated controls, demonstrating a PI3K/AKT-independent pathway of telomerase activation. Our study suggests that radiosensitizing strategies based on PI3-kinase inhibition in high-grade gliomas may be optimized by additional treatments targeting either telomerase activity or telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Millet
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR, Laboratory of Radiopathology, UMR 967, F-92260 Fontenay‑aux‑Roses, France.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a process in which long-lived proteins, damaged cell organelles, and other cellular particles are sequestered and degraded. This process is important for maintaining the cellular microenvironment when the cell is under stress. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays a complex role in human diseases, especially in cancer, where it is known to have paradoxical effects. Namely, autophagy provides the energy for metabolism and tumor growth and leads to cell death that promotes tumor suppression. The link between autophagy and cancer is also evident in that some of the genes that regulate Carcinogenesis, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, participate in or impact the autophagy process. Therefore, modulating autophagy will be a valuable topic for cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that autophagy can inhibit the tumor growth when autophagy modulators are combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. These findings suggest that autophagy may be a potent target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou City, Yongzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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39
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ZINN PASCALO, COLEN RIVKAR, KASPER EKKEHARDM, BURKHARDT JANKARL. Extent of resection and radiotherapy in GBM: A 1973 to 2007 surveillance, epidemiology and end results analysis of 21,783 patients. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:929-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Wu M, Liu DY, Yuan XR, Liu Q, Jiang XJ, Yuan D, Huang J, Li XJ, Yang ZQ. The expression of moesin in astrocytoma: correlation with pathologic grade and poor clinical outcome. Med Oncol 2013; 30:372. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Agnihotri S, Burrell KE, Wolf A, Jalali S, Hawkins C, Rutka JT, Zadeh G. Glioblastoma, a Brief Review of History, Molecular Genetics, Animal Models and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:25-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Loftus JC, Ross JTD, Paquette KM, Paulino VM, Nasser S, Yang Z, Kloss J, Kim S, Berens ME, Tran NL. miRNA expression profiling in migrating glioblastoma cells: regulation of cell migration and invasion by miR-23b via targeting of Pyk2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39818. [PMID: 22745829 PMCID: PMC3382150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. Clinical outcome remains poor and is essentially palliative due to the highly invasive nature of the disease. A more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive glioma invasion is required to limit dispersion of malignant glioma cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the potential role of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNA) in glioma invasion by comparing the matched large-scale, genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of migrating and migration-restricted human glioma cells. Migratory and migration-restricted cell populations from seven glioma cell lines were isolated and profiled for miRNA expression. Statistical analyses revealed a set of miRNAs common to all seven glioma cell lines that were significantly down regulated in the migrating cell population relative to cells in the migration-restricted population. Among the down-regulated miRNAs, miR-23b has been reported to target potential drivers of cell migration and invasion in other cell types. Over-expression of miR-23b significantly inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion. A bioinformatics search revealed a conserved target site within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Pyk2, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase previously implicated in the regulation of glioma cell migration and invasion. Increased expression of miR-23b reduced the protein expression level of Pyk2 in glioma cells but did not significantly alter the protein expression level of the related focal adhesion kinase FAK. Expression of Pyk2 via a transcript variant missing the 3′UTR in miR-23b-expressing cells partially rescued cell migration, whereas expression of Pyk2 via a transcript containing an intact 3′UTR failed to rescue cell migration. Conclusions/Significance Reduced expression of miR-23b enhances glioma cell migration in vitro and invasion ex vivo via modulation of Pyk2 protein expression. The data suggest that specific miRNAs may regulate glioma migration and invasion to influence the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NLT); (JCL)
| | - Julianna T. D. Ross
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Paquette
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Vincent M. Paulino
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sara Nasser
- Computational Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jean Kloss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Computational Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nhan L. Tran
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NLT); (JCL)
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Yusubalieva GM, Baklaushev VP, Gurina OI, Gulyaev MV, Pirogov YA, Chekhonin VP. Antitumor Effects of Monoclonal Antibodies to Connexin 43 Extracellular Fragment in Induced Low-Differentiated Glioma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 153:163-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chiou SM, Chiu CH, Yang ST, Yang JS, Huang HY, Kuo CL, Chen PY, Chung JG. Danthron Triggers ROS and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Death in C6 Rat Glioma Cells Through Caspase Cascades, Apoptosis-Inducing Factor and Endonuclease G Multiple Signaling. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1790-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhang LY, Liu LY, Qie LL, Ling KN, Xu LH, Wang F, Fang SH, Lu YB, Hu H, Wei EQ, Zhang WP. Anti-proliferation effect of APO866 on C6 glioblastoma cells by inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:163-70. [PMID: 22119381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key enzyme in the salvaging pathway for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that is involved in cell metabolism and proliferation. NAMPT is normally absent in astrocyte but highly expressed in glioblastoma, suggesting that it may promote cell survival through synthesizing more NAD. In this report, we evaluated the effect of APO866, a potent inhibitor of NAMPT against C6 glioblastoma. We found that APO866 inhibited the growth of C6 glioblastoma cells with IC(50) in nano-molar range. APO866 depleted intracellular NAD, caused marked inhibition of ERK activation and induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest. The effects by APO866 were abrogated by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the direct product of NAMPT. Administration of U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, inhibited cell growth but displayed no synergistic effect with APO866. Taken together, our results indicated that APO866 is a potent growth inhibitor against glioblastoma through targeting NAMPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 388 Yu-Hang-Tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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46
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Fedrigo CA, Grivicich I, Schunemann DP, Chemale IM, Santos DD, Jacovas T, Boschetti PS, Jotz GP, Filho AB, da Rocha AB. Radioresistance of human glioma spheroids and expression of HSP70, p53 and EGFr. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:156. [PMID: 22077956 PMCID: PMC3223500 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is routinely prescribed for high-grade malignant gliomas. However, the efficacy of this therapeutic modality is often limited by the occurrence of radioresistance, reflected as a diminished susceptibility of the irradiated cells to undergo cell death. Thus, cells have evolved an elegant system in response to ionizing radiation induced DNA damage, where p53, Hsp70 and/or EGFr may play an important role in the process. In the present study, we investigated whether the content of p53, Hsp70 and EGFr are associated to glioblastoma (GBM) cell radioresistance. METHODS Spheroids from U-87MG and MO59J cell lines as well as spheroids derived from primary culture of tumor tissue of one GBM patient (UGBM1) were irradiated (5, 10 and 20 Gy), their relative radioresistance were established and the p53, Hsp70 and EGFr contents were immunohistochemically determined. Moreover, we investigated whether EGFr-phospho-Akt and EGFr-MEK-ERK pathways can induce GBM radioresistance using inhibitors of activation of ERK (PD098059) and Akt (wortmannin). RESULTS At 5 Gy irradiation UGBM1 and U-87MG spheroids showed growth inhibition whereas the MO59J spheroid was relatively radioresistant. Overall, no significant changes in p53 and Hsp70 expression were found following 5 Gy irradiation treatment in all spheroids studied. The only difference observed in Hsp70 content was the periphery distribution in MO59J spheroids. However, 5 Gy treatment induced a significant increase on the EGFr levels in MO59J spheroids. Furthermore, treatment with inhibitors of activation of ERK (PD098059) and Akt (wortmannin) leads to radiosensitization of MO59J spheroids. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the PI3K-Akt and MEK-ERK pathways triggered by EGFr confer GBM radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Fedrigo
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniel P Schunemann
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Ivan M Chemale
- Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital Beneficência de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daiane dos Santos
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Thais Jacovas
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Patryck S Boschetti
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
| | - Geraldo P Jotz
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Aroldo Braga Filho
- Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Adriana B da Rocha
- Laboratório de Marcadores de Estresse Celular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diagnóstico Genético e Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil
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Burkhardt JK, Riina HA, Shin BJ, Moliterno JA, Hofstetter CP, Boockvar JA. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for malignant gliomas: a critical analysis. Interv Neuroradiol 2011; 17:286-95. [PMID: 22005689 DOI: 10.1177/159101991101700302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy for malignant gliomas including glioblastoma multiforme was initiated decades ago, with many preclinical and clinical studies having been performed since then. Although novel endovascular devices and techniques such as microcatheter or balloon assistance have been introduced into clinical practice, the question remains whether IA therapy is safe and superior to other drug delivery modalities such as intravenous (IV) or oral treatment regimens. This review focuses on IA delivery and surveys the available literature to assess the advantages and disadvantages of IA chemotherapy for treatment of malignant gliomas. In addition, we introduce our hypothesis of using IA delivery to selectively target cancer stem cells residing in the perivascular stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-K Burkhardt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain Tumor Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, [corrected] USA
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Kast RE. Glioblastoma: synergy of growth promotion between CCL5 and NK-1R can be thwarted by blocking CCL5 with miraviroc, an FDA approved anti-HIV drug and blocking NK-1R with aprepitant, an FDA approved anti-nausea drug. J Clin Pharm Ther 2011; 35:657-63. [PMID: 21054456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND BACKGROUND Two receptor signaling pathways that are commonly active in facilitating glioblastoma growth and invasion- that of CCR5 and neurokinin (NK)-1R- have small molecule inhibitors that are FDA approved and marketed to treat other conditions. The anti-HIV drug, maraviroc, inhibits human CCR5's ligand from binding, and hence blocks CCR5 stimulation. The anti-nausea drug aprepitant blocks substance P signaling at NK-1R. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE We propose on the basis of molecular insights that a combination of the two drugs is likely to be useful in the treatment of glioblastoma. COMMENT After stimulation by their respective ligands both CCR5 and NK-1R, through intermediaries, phosphorylate and thereby activate ERK1/2, triggering in turn migratory and mitotic events. Neurokinin-1R second messenger signaling also happens to serine phosphorylate CCR5. Phosphorylated CCR5 exhibits amplified activity after agonist ligation. Therefore, aprepitant and maraviroc combined treatment is expected to exert synergestic inhibition of growth enhancing signaling in glioblastoma. Inhibiting an amplifier is equivalent to amplifying an inhibitor. Since the two suggested drugs are non-cytotoxic they are envisioned as adjunctive treatments to current standard temozolomide, radiation, and bevacizumab, all to be used after debulking primary resection. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our analysis makes the case for a well-designed trial of the proposed combination in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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49
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Senetta R, Miracco C, Lanzafame S, Chiusa L, Caltabiano R, Galia A, Stella G, Cassoni P. Epidermal growth factor receptor and caveolin-1 coexpression identifies adult supratentorial ependymomas with rapid unfavorable outcomes. Neuro Oncol 2010; 13:176-83. [PMID: 21059755 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supratentorial ependymomas account for a minority of intracranial ependymomas, which still have uncertain prognostic markers. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis. In glioblastoma cells, EGFR function has been reported to be regulated by its migration from cell membrane infoldings called caveolae and by its colocalization with the caveolae-associated protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). Therefore, we decided to investigate cav-1 expression and coexpression with EGFR in a series of adult intracranial ependymomas. We analyzed 22 adult supratentorial ependymomas and compared tumor grades as determined by the WHO classification and patient survival rates with the expression of EGFR, cav-1, and p53 and the values of the proliferation marker Ki-67, all tested by immunohistochemistry; in addition, we investigated the mutational profile of cav-1. The results demonstrate that the tumor grade is directly correlated with EGFR, Ki-67, and cav-1 expression only, whereas (by univariate analysis) the expression of all the studied markers, as well as the tumor histological grade, significantly correlated with the patient's overall survival (OS). By multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, among all variables considered, cav-1 was the only independent prognostic marker related to OS (relative risk = 13.92; P = .013). Among grade II ependymomas, only cav-1 correlated with poor OS (P = .011), distinguishing 2 distinct subgroups of tumors with different outcomes despite sharing identical grading. All the patients studied carried wild-type cav-1 sequences, demonstrating that cav-1 overexpression is not driven by activating mutations, as previously reported in other tumor types. Interestingly, after stratifying all cases into 4 distinct groups according to cav-1 and EGFR expression (cav-1+/EGFR+, cav-1-/EGFR-, cav-1+/EGFR-, and cav-1-/EGFR+), the coexpression of cav-1 and EGFR identified a subset of patients with definitively poor prognoses. Further studies are needed to support this evidence on a larger scale and to clarify how cav-1 and EGFR interaction can influence tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Kumar Mallik M. A hypothesis and theoretical model speculating the possible role of therapy mediated neoplastic cell loss in promoting the process of glioblastoma relapse. J Theor Biol 2010; 266:496-503. [PMID: 20655317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is considered to be one of the biggest culprits, behind the poor prognosis of glioblastomas. Using published facts on primary glioblastomas, with special reference to cancer stem cells and their recently described heterogeneity, a hypothesis is being proposed that speculates the possible role of therapy mediated neoplastic cell loss in promoting the process of relapse in these tumors. The mechanisms by which such a phenomenon could be functional has been integrated into a double version theoretical model, which envisages glioblastomas as neoplasms comprising of multiple, differentially regulated and dynamically distinct neoplastic compartments (named as active and back-up compartments in this article) supported by their own complement of cancer stem cells, wherein therapy mediated cell loss, which mainly affects the size of the active compartment, results in abrogating the inhibitory effect of the active compartment on the back-up compartment, thereby leading to the activation of the back-up compartment. This activation contributes towards tumor recurrence. The possibility of the existence of such a phenomenon could have strong implications on management and prognosis of these tumors. This article aims to provoke discussion and generate new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Kumar Mallik
- Department of Cytology, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, PO Box 43787, Hawally 32052, Kuwait.
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