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Mudunkothge JS, Hancock CN, Krizek BA. The GUS Reporter System in Flower Development Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:351-363. [PMID: 37540369 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene system is an important technique with versatile uses in the study of flower development in a broad range of species. Transcriptional and translational GUS fusions are used to characterize gene and protein expression patterns, respectively, during reproductive development. Additionally, GUS reporters can be used to map cis-regulatory elements within promoter sequences and to investigate whether genes are regulated post-transcriptionally. Gene trap/enhancer trap GUS constructs can be used to identify novel genes involved in flower development and marker lines useful in mutant characterization. Flower development studies primarily have used the histochemical assay in which inflorescence tissue from transgenic plants containing GUS reporter genes are stained for GUS activity and examined as whole-mounts or subsequently embedded into wax and examined as tissue sections. In addition, quantitative GUS activity assays can be performed on either floral extracts or intact flowers using a fluorogenic GUS substrate. Another use of GUS reporters is as a screenable marker for plant transformation. A simplified histochemical GUS assay can be used to quickly identify transgenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki S Mudunkothge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Nathan Hancock
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Beth A Krizek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Zhou X, Shafique K, Sajid M, Ali Q, Khalili E, Javed MA, Haider MS, Zhou G, Zhu G. Era-like GTP protein gene expression in rice. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e250700. [PMID: 34259718 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutations are genetic changes in the genome sequences and have a significant role in biotechnology, genetics, and molecular biology even to find out the genome sequences of a cell DNA along with the viral RNA sequencing. The mutations are the alterations in DNA that may be natural or spontaneous and induced due to biochemical reactions or radiations which damage cell DNA. There is another cause of mutations which is known as transposons or jumping genes which can change their position in the genome during meiosis or DNA replication. The transposable elements can induce by self in the genome due to cellular and molecular mechanisms including hypermutation which caused the localization of transposable elements to move within the genome. The use of induced mutations for studying the mutagenesis in crop plants is very common as well as a promising method for screening crop plants with new and enhanced traits for the improvement of yield and production. The utilization of insertional mutations through transposons or jumping genes usually generates stable mutant alleles which are mostly tagged for the presence or absence of jumping genes or transposable elements. The transposable elements may be used for the identification of mutated genes in crop plants and even for the stable insertion of transposable elements in mutated crop plants. The guanine nucleotide-binding (GTP) proteins have an important role in inducing tolerance in rice plants to combat abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Linyi University, College of Life Science, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - K Shafique
- Government Sadiq College Women University, Department of Botany, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Sajid
- University of Okara, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Q Ali
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - E Khalili
- Tarbiat Modarres University, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M A Javed
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M S Haider
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - G Zhou
- Yangzhou University, The Ministry of Education of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Zhu
- Yangzhou University, The Ministry of Education of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ma J, Hancock WG, Nifong JM, Kernodle SP, Lewis RS. Identification and editing of a hybrid lethality gene expands the range of interspecific hybridization potential in Nicotiana. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:2915-2925. [PMID: 32613263 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification and inactivation of hybrid lethality genes can be used to expand the available gene pool for improvement of a cultivated crop species. Hybrid lethality is one genetic mechanism that contributes to reproductive isolation in plants and serves as a barrier to use of diverse germplasm for improvement of cultivated species. A classic example is the seedling lethality exhibited by progeny from the Nicotiana tabacum × N. africana interspecific cross. In order to increase the body of knowledge on mechanisms of hybrid lethality in plants, and to potentially develop tools to circumvent them, we utilized a transposon tagging strategy to identify a candidate gene involved in the control of this reaction. N. tabacum gene Nt6549g30 was identified to code for a class of coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) proteins, the largest class of plant defense proteins. Gene editing, along with other experiments, was used to verify that Nt6549g30 is the gene at the N. tabacum Hybrid Lethality 1 (NtHL1) locus controlling the hybrid lethality reaction in crosses with N. africana. Gene editing of Nt6549g30 was also used to reverse interspecific seedling lethality in crosses between N. tabacum and eight of nine additional tested species from section Suaveolentes. Results further implicate the role of disease resistance-like genes in the evolution of plant species and demonstrate the possibility of expanding the gene pool for a crop species through gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ma
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wesley G Hancock
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jessica M Nifong
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sheri P Kernodle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ramsey S Lewis
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Fitzmaurice WP, Nguyen LV, Wernsman EA, Thompson WF, Conkling MA. Transposon tagging of the sulfur gene of tobacco using engineered maize Ac/Ds elements. Genetics 1999; 153:1919-28. [PMID: 10581296 PMCID: PMC1460851 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/153.4.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sulfur gene of tobacco is nuclearly encoded. A Su allele at this locus acts as a dominant semilethal mutation and causes reduced accumulation of chlorophyll, resulting in a yellow color in the plant. An engineered transposon tagging system, based upon the maize element Ac/Ds, was used to mutate the gene. High frequency of transposon excision from the Su locus produced variegated sectors. Plants regenerated from the variegated sector exhibited a similar variegated phenotype. Genetic analyses showed that the variegation was always associated with the transposase construct and the transposon was linked to the Su locus. Sequences surrounding the transposon were isolated, and five revertant sectors possessed typical direct repeats following Ds excisions. These genetic and molecular data are consistent with the tagging of the Su allele by the transposon.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Fitzmaurice
- Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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Van Der Biezen EA, Cardol EF, Chung HY, Nijkamp HJJ, Hille J. Frequency and distance of transposition of a modifiedDissociation element in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01968944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Campbell KG, Wernsman EA, Fitzmurice WP, Burns JA. Construction of a designer chromosome in tobacco. Theor Appl Genet 1994; 87:837-842. [PMID: 24190470 DOI: 10.1007/bf00221136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/1993] [Accepted: 06/16/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) breeding line NC 152 is a doubled haploid that possesses an addition chromosome from N. africana [Merxm. and Buttler]. A gene on this chromosome confers potyvirus resistance (Poty(R)). Our objective was to use the addition chromosome as a base on which to construct a designer chromosome containing a foreign gene linkage package. A mutant dhfr gene conferring resistance to methotrexate (Mtx) was inserted into NC 152-haploid (n = 25) leaf tissue via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. After chromosome doubling, 135 NC 152dhfr transformants (2n = 50) were pollinated with the potyvirus-susceptible (Poty(S)) cultivar 'McNair 944' (2n = 48). Linkage analysis was performed in the BC1 generation. Two transformants, NC 152dhfr-996 and NC 152dhfr-1517 exhibited complete linkage between Mtx resistance (Mtx(R)) and Poty(R). Segregants from these two transformants which were Mtx(R) and Poty(R) possessed 49 chromosomes, while Mtx sensitive (Mtx(S)) and Poty(S) progeny possessed 48 chromosomes. Eighty percent of the NC 152dhfr transformants transmitted the dhfr gene as one locus. Other foreign genes can be directed to the addition chromosome through transformation followed by selection for single loci with linkage to Poty(R) or Mtx(R). The integrity of both the foreign-gene linkage package and the rest of the genome will be maintained because recombination between the N. africiana and the N. tabacum chromosomes has not been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Campbell
- Agronomy Department, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 44691-4096, Wooster, OH, USA
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Abstract
Several aspects of transposition of an in vitro modified Ds element are described. This Ds element, designated Ds-r, is equipped with bacterial plasmid sequences and can, therefore, be rescued from the plant genome. Our results indicate that the Ds-r element has a 'late' timing of transposition from T-DNAs. This feature of the element might be advantageous for tagging experiments because it leads to independently transposed germinally transmitted elements. Furthermore, it is shown that Ds-r transposition generates clusters of insertions, indicating that 'genes to be tagged' should be located in genomic regions covered by insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Rommens
- Department of Genetics, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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