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Koupourtidou C, Schwarz V, Aliee H, Frerich S, Fischer-Sternjak J, Bocchi R, Simon-Ebert T, Bai X, Sirko S, Kirchhoff F, Dichgans M, Götz M, Theis FJ, Ninkovic J. Shared inflammatory glial cell signature after stab wound injury, revealed by spatial, temporal, and cell-type-specific profiling of the murine cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2866. [PMID: 38570482 PMCID: PMC10991294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury leads to a highly orchestrated immune- and glial cell response partially responsible for long-lasting disability and the development of secondary neurodegenerative diseases. A holistic understanding of the mechanisms controlling the responses of specific cell types and their crosstalk is required to develop an efficient strategy for better regeneration. Here, we combine spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to chart the transcriptomic signature of the injured male murine cerebral cortex, and identify specific states of different glial cells contributing to this signature. Interestingly, distinct glial cells share a large fraction of injury-regulated genes, including inflammatory programs downstream of the innate immune-associated pathways Cxcr3 and Tlr1/2. Systemic manipulation of these pathways decreases the reactivity state of glial cells associated with poor regeneration. The functional relevance of the discovered shared signature of glial cells highlights the importance of our resource enabling comprehensive analysis of early events after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Koupourtidou
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Frerich
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Simon-Ebert
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Chair of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Chair of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Karachaliou CE, Livaniou E. Neuroprotective Action of Humanin and Humanin Analogues: Research Findings and Perspectives. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1534. [PMID: 38132360 PMCID: PMC10740898 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Humanin is a 24-mer peptide first reported in the early 2000s as a new neuroprotective/cytoprotective factor rescuing neuronal cells from death induced by various Alzheimer's disease-associated insults. Nowadays it is known that humanin belongs to the novel class of the so-called mitochondrial-derived peptides (which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA) and has been shown to exert beneficial cytoprotective effects in a series of in vitro and/or in vivo experimental models of human diseases, including not only neurodegenerative disorders but other human diseases as well (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus). This review article is focused on the presentation of recent in vitro and in vivo research results associated with the neuroprotective action of humanin as well as of various, mainly synthetic, analogues of the peptide; moreover, the main mode(s)/mechanism(s) through which humanin and humanin analogues may exert in vitro and in vivo regarding neuroprotection have been reported. The prospects of humanin and humanin analogues to be further investigated in the frame of future research endeavors against neurodegenerative/neural diseases have also been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;
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Zhang L, Yang Q, Yuan R, Li M, Lv M, Zhang L, Xie X, Liang W, Chen X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic mapping of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in mice hippocampus. Sci Data 2023; 10:638. [PMID: 37730716 PMCID: PMC10511629 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a significant type of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) frequently results in severe neurological and psychological impairments. Due to its unique mechanistic and clinical features, bTBI presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges compared to other TBI forms. The hippocampus, an important site for secondary injury of bTBI, serves as a key niche for neural regeneration and repair post-injury, and is closely associated with the neurological outcomes of bTBI patients. Nonetheless, the pathophysiological alterations of hippocampus underpinning bTBI remain enigmatic, and a corresponding transcriptomic dataset for research reference is yet to be established. In this investigation, the single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technique was employed to sequence individual hippocampal nuclei of mice from bTBI and sham group. Upon stringent quality control, gene expression data from 17,278 nuclei were obtained, with the dataset's reliability substantiated through various analytical methods. This dataset holds considerable potential for exploring secondary hippocampal injury and neurogenesis mechanisms following bTBI, with important reference value for the identification of specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets for bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiuyun Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruixuan Yuan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meili Lv
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Muñoz-Ballester C, Robel S. Astrocyte-mediated mechanisms contribute to traumatic brain injury pathology. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1622. [PMID: 37332001 PMCID: PMC10526985 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) with changes to their molecular make-up and cell biology, which results in changes in astrocyte function. These changes can be adaptive, initiating repair processes in the brain, or detrimental, causing secondary damage including neuronal death or abnormal neuronal activity. The response of astrocytes to TBI is often-but not always-accompanied by the upregulation of intermediate filaments, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Because GFAP is often upregulated in the context of nervous system disturbance, reactive astrogliosis is sometimes treated as an "all-or-none" process. However, the extent of astrocytes' cellular, molecular, and physiological adjustments is not equal for each TBI type or even for each astrocyte within the same injured brain. Additionally, new research highlights that different neurological injuries and diseases result in entirely distinctive and sometimes divergent astrocyte changes. Thus, extrapolating findings on astrocyte biology from one pathological context to another is problematic. We summarize the current knowledge about astrocyte responses specific to TBI and point out open questions that the field should tackle to better understand how astrocytes shape TBI outcomes. We address the astrocyte response to focal versus diffuse TBI and heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes within the same brain, the role of intermediate filament upregulation, functional changes to astrocyte function including potassium and glutamate homeostasis, blood-brain barrier maintenance and repair, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species detoxification, sex differences, and factors influencing astrocyte proliferation after TBI. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Muñoz-Ballester
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Roth S, Wernsdorf SR, Liesz A. The role of circulating cell-free DNA as an inflammatory mediator after stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00993-5. [PMID: 37212886 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Clinical and experimental studies highlighted the complex role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of stroke. Ischemic brain injury leads to the release of cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular pattern, which binds to pattern recognition receptors on immune cells such as toll-like receptors and cytosolic inflammasome sensors. The downstream signaling cascade then induces a rapid inflammatory response. In this review, we are highlighting the characteristics of cell-free DNA and how these can affect a local as well as a systemic response after stroke. For this purpose, we screened literature on clinical studies investigating cell-free DNA concentration and properties after brain ischemia. We report the current understanding for mechanisms of DNA uptake and sensing in the context of post-stroke inflammation. Moreover, we compare possible treatment options targeting cell-free DNA, DNA-sensing pathways, and the downstream mediators. Finally, we describe clinical implications of this inflammatory pathway for stroke patients, open questions, and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Saskia R Wernsdorf
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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