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Ferland JMN, Ellis RJ, Rompala G, Landry JA, Callens JE, Ly A, Frier MD, Uzamere TO, Hurd YL. Dose mediates the protracted effects of adolescent THC exposure on reward and stress reactivity in males relevant to perturbation of the basolateral amygdala transcriptome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2583-2593. [PMID: 35236956 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the belief that cannabis is relatively harmless, exposure during adolescence is associated with increased risk of developing several psychopathologies in adulthood. In addition to the high levels of use amongst teenagers, the potency of ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has increased more than fourfold compared to even twenty years ago, and it is unclear whether potency influences the presentation of THC-induced behaviors. Expanded knowledge about the impact of adolescent THC exposure, especially high dose, is important to delineating neural networks and molecular mechanisms underlying psychiatric risk. Here, we observed that repeated exposure to low (1.5 mg/kg) and high (5 mg/kg) doses of THC during adolescence in male rats produced divergent effects on behavior in adulthood. Whereas low dose rats showed greater sensitivity to reward devaluation and also self-administered more heroin, high dose animals were significantly more reactive to social isolation stress. RNA sequencing of the basolateral amygdala, a region linked to reward processing and stress, revealed significant perturbations in transcripts and gene networks related to synaptic plasticity and HPA axis that were distinct to THC dose as well as stress. In silico single-cell deconvolution of the RNAseq data revealed a significant reduction of astrocyte-specific genes related to glutamate regulation in stressed high dose animals, a result paired anatomically with greater astrocyte-to-neuron ratios and hypotrophic astrocytes. These findings emphasize the importance of dose and behavioral state on the presentation of THC-related behavioral phenotypes in adulthood and dysregulation of astrocytes as an interface for the protracted effects of high dose THC and subsequent stress sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randall J Ellis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Rompala
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Landry
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James E Callens
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annie Ly
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Micah D Frier
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teddy O Uzamere
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Burillo-Putze G, Richards JR, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Sanchez-Agüera A. Pharmacological management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: an update of the clinical literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:693-702. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2049237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Consuelo Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
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3
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DeVuono MV, La Caprara O, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA. Cannabidiol Interferes with Establishment of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Nausea Through a 5-HT 1A Mechanism. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:58-64. [PMID: 33998876 PMCID: PMC8864431 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by intense nausea and vomiting brought on by the use of high-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychotropic compound in cannabis. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic compound found in cannabis, has been shown to interfere with some acute aversive effects of THC. In this study, we evaluated if CBD would interfere with THC-induced nausea through a 5-HT1A receptor mechanism as it has been shown to interfere with nausea produced by lithium chloride (LiCl). Since CHS has been attributed to a dysregulated stress response, we also evaluated if CBD would interfere with THC-induced increase in corticosterone (CORT). Materials and Methods: The potential of CBD (5 mg/kg, ip) to suppress THC-induced conditioned gaping (a measure of nausea) was evaluated in rats, as well as the potential of the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635 (WAY; 0.1 mg/kg, ip), to reverse the suppression of THC-induced conditioned gaping by CBD. Last, the effect of CBD (5 mg/kg, ip) on THC-induced increase in serum CORT concentration was evaluated. Results: Pretreatment with CBD (5 mg/kg, ip) interfered with the establishment of THC-induced conditioned gaping (p=0.007, relative to vehicle [VEH] pretreatment), and this was reversed by pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg WAY. This dose of WAY had no effect on gaping on its own. THC (10 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased serum CORT compared with VEH-treated rats (p=0.04). CBD (5 mg/kg, ip) pretreatment reversed the THC-induced increase in CORT. Conclusions: CBD attenuated THC-induced nausea as well as THC-induced elevation in CORT. The attenuation of THC-induced conditioned gaping by CBD was mediated by its action on 5-HT1A receptors, similar to that of LiCl-induced nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieka V. DeVuono
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Olivia La Caprara
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Gavin N. Petrie
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Limebeer
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Erin M. Rock
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda A. Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,*Address correspondence to: Linda A. Parker, PhD, Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada,
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Kuzma-Hunt AG, Truong VB, Favetta LA. Glucocorticoids, Stress and Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during Early Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7289. [PMID: 34298908 PMCID: PMC8307766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated molecular stress in women is known to have negative impacts on the reproductive development of oocytes and the embryos prior to implantation. In recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use among women of reproductive age has risen due to its ability to relieve psychological stress and nausea, which are mediated by its psychoactive component, ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although cannabis is the most popular recreational drug of the 21st century, much is unknown about its influence on molecular stress in reproductive tissues. The current literature has demonstrated that THC causes dose- and time-dependent alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, which have the potential to compromise morphology, development, and quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there are inconsistencies across studies regarding the mechanisms for THC-dependent changes in stress hormones and how either compounds may drive or arrest development. Factors such as variability between animal models, physiologically relevant doses, and undiscovered downstream gene targets of both glucocorticoids and THC could account for such inconsistencies. This review evaluates the results of studies which have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on reproductive development and how THC may alter stress signaling in relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A. Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.G.K.-H.); (V.B.T.)
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5
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Abstract
Background: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a diagnosis of exclusion with intractable nausea, cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain, and hot bathing behavior associated with ongoing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure. Increasing cannabis use may elevate CHS prevalence, exacerbating a public health issue with attendant costs and morbidity. Objective, Design, and Data Source: This study, the largest contemporaneous database, investigated genetic mutations underlying CHS. Patients with CHS diagnosis and ongoing symptoms were compared with current cannabis users lacking symptoms. Target Population: A screening questionnaire was posted online. Of 585 respondents, 205 qualified as the CHS pool and 54 as controls; a reduced pool of 28 patients and 12 controls ultimately completed genomic testing. Results: Patients and controls were high-frequency users of cannabis flower or concentrates (93%), using multiple grams/day of THC-predominant material. Among patients, 15.6% carried diagnoses of cannabis dependency or addiction, and 56.6% experienced withdrawal symptoms. About 87.7% of patients improved after cannabis cessation, most suffering recurrence rapidly after resumption. Findings in patients included mutations in genes COMT {odds ratio, 12 (95% confidence limit [CL], 1.3–88.1) p=0.012}, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) (odds ratio, 5.8 [95% CL, 1.2–28.4] p=0.015), CYP2C9 (odds ratio, 7.8 [95% CL, 1.1–70.1] p=0.043), gene coding dopamine-2 receptor (DRD2) (odds ratio, 6.2 [95% CL, 1.1–34.7] p=0.031), and ATP-binding cassette transporter gene (ABCA1) (odds ratio, 8.4 [95% CL, 1.5–48.1] p=0.012). Limitations: Some participants were reluctant to undergo genetic testing; only 28 of 99 CHS patients who agreed to testing ultimately returned a kit. Conclusion: This is the largest patient cohort of CHS examined to date, and first to note associated mutations in genes affecting neurotransmitters, the endocannabinoid system, and the cytochrome P450 complex associated with cannabinoid metabolism. Although the sample size was smaller than desired, these preliminary findings may contribute to the growing body of knowledge, stimulate additional investigation, help elucidate the pathophysiology of CHS, and, ultimately, direct future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Len May
- Endocanna Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan Leslie
- Endocanna Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yang N, Sun H, Xue Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Tao H, Liang X, Li M, Xu Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Huang L, Geng D. Inhibition of MAGL activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to attenuate glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e447. [PMID: 34185425 PMCID: PMC8167863 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in treating viral infections, acute spinal cord injury, autoimmune diseases, and shock. Several patients develop GC-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying GC-induced ONFH remain poorly understood. GC-directed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) fate is an important factor that determines GC-induced ONFH. At high concentrations, GCs induce BMSC apoptosis by promoting oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that relieve GC-induced oxidative stress in BMSCs, which would be vital for treating ONFH. The endocannabinoid system regulates oxidative stress in multiple organs. Here, we found that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key molecule in the endocannabinoid system, was significantly upregulated during GC treatment in osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo. MAGL expression was positively correlated with expression of the NADPH oxidase family and apoptosis-related proteins. Functional analysis showed that MAGL inhibition markedly reduced oxidative stress and partially rescued BMSC apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo studies indicated that MAGL inhibition effectively attenuated GC-induced ONFH. Pathway analysis showed that MAGL inhibition regulated oxidative stress in BMSCs via the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The expression of Nrf2, a major regulator of intracellular antioxidants, was upregulated by inhibiting MAGL. Nrf2 activation can mimic the effect of MAGL inhibition and significantly reduce GC-induced oxidative damage in BMSCs. The beneficial effects of MAGL inhibition were attenuated after the blockade of the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway. Notably, pharmacological blockade of MAGL conferred femoral head protection in GC-induced ONFH, even after oxidative stress responses were initiated. Therefore, MAGL may represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Houyi Sun
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of OrthopaedicsChangshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangshuChina
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Meng Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Matheson J, Le Foll B. Cannabis Legalization and Acute Harm From High Potency Cannabis Products: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Public Health. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:591979. [PMID: 33173527 PMCID: PMC7538627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Legalization and commercial sale of non-medical cannabis has led to increasing diversity and potency of cannabis products. Some of the American states that were the first to legalize have seen rises in acute harms associated with cannabis use, e.g. Colorado has seen increases in emergency department visits for cannabis-related acute psychological distress and severe vomiting (hyperemesis), as well as a number of high-profile deaths related to ingestion of high doses of cannabis edibles. Over-ingestion of cannabis is related to multiple factors, including the sale of cannabis products with high levels of THC and consumers' confusion regarding labelling of cannabis products, which disproportionately impact new or inexperienced users. Based on our review of the literature, we propose three approaches to minimizing acute harms: early restriction of cannabis edibles and high-potency products; clear and consistent labelling that communicates dose/serving size and health risks; and implementation of robust data collection frameworks to monitor harms, broken down by cannabis product type (e.g. dose, potency, route of administration) and consumer characteristics (e.g. age, sex, gender, ethnicity). Ongoing data collection and monitoring of harms in jurisdictions that have existing legal cannabis laws will be vital to understanding the impact of cannabis legalization and maximizing public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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