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Wilson WB, Hayes HV, Sander LC, Campiglia AD, Wise SA. Normal-phase liquid chromatography retention behavior of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles and alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle isomers on an aminopropyl stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1511-1524. [PMID: 29238863 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Retention indices for 67 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) and 80 alkyl-substituted PASHs were determined using normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) on an aminopropyl (NH2) stationary phase. The retention behavior of PASH on the NH2 phase is correlated with the number of aromatic carbon atoms and two structural characteristics have a significant influence on their retention: non-planarity (thickness, T) and the position of the sulfur atom in the bay-region of the structure. Correlations between solute retention on the NH2 phase and T of PASHs were investigated for three cata-condensed (cata-) PASH isomer groups: (a) 13 four-ring molecular mass (MM) 234 Da cata-PASHs, (b) 20 five-ring MM 284 Da cata-PASHs, and (c) 12 six-ring MM 334 Da cata-PASHs. Correlation coefficients ranged from r = -0.49 (MM 234 Da) to r = -0.65 (MM 334 Da), which were significantly lower than structurally similar PAH isomer groups (r = -0.70 to r = -0.99). The NPLC retention behavior of the PASHs are compared to similar results for PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter B Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Hugh V Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Physical Sciences Bld. 4111, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lane C Sander
- Chemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Physical Sciences Bld. 4111, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Stephen A Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Bjerk TR, de Menezes EW, Pereira MB, Caramão EB, Benvenutti EV, Zini CA. Silver bonded to silica gel applied to the separation of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in heavy gas oil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1470:104-110. [PMID: 27693015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Silica gel containing silver ions was prepared and characterized. Silica was organofunctionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl group by using grafting reaction followed by silver ions adsorption (silver covalently bonded to mercaptopropyl silca gel, Ag-MPSG). The organofunctionalization and silver coordination were observed by transmission infrared spectroscopy and elemental analyses (CHN and EDS). The textural characteristics were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Additionally, optical properties were studied by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Ag-MPSG material was employed as stationary phase for the first time for fractionation of a heavy gas oil sample resulting in a fraction that is richer in polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH). The fractions were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector and Ag-MPSG material provided similar fractionation performance when compared to conventional material [palladium covalently bonded to mercaptopropyl silca gel, Pd(II)-MPSG] usually employed for the same purpose and as the cost of silver is less than the one of palladium, the cost of the fractionation phase was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Bjerk
- "PGCIMAT"-Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana W de Menezes
- "PGCIMAT"-Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Elina B Caramão
- "PGCIMAT"-Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; ITP, UNIT, CEP49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; INCT-E&A, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Meio Ambiente, CEP 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia A Zini
- "PGCIMAT"-Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; INCT-E&A, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Meio Ambiente, CEP 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Wang M, Zhao S, Chung KH, Xu C, Shi Q. Approach for Selective Separation of Thiophenic and Sulfidic Sulfur Compounds from Petroleum by Methylation/Demethylation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1083-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Suoqi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Keng H Chung
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Liaoning HuajinTongda Chemicals Co. Ltd., Panjin, Liaoning 124021, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Huang KP, Misra TK, Wang GR, Huang BY, Liu CY. Novel stationary phase for complexation gas chromatography originating from ionic liquid and metallomesogen. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1215:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Müller H, Andersson JT, Schrader W. Characterization of High-Molecular-Weight Sulfur-Containing Aromatics in Vacuum Residues Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2005; 77:2536-43. [PMID: 15828790 DOI: 10.1021/ac0483522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Millions of tons of vacuum residues are produced in refineries every year and could be a potentially valuable resource for generating electricity and has possible application as heating and marine fuel. In this work, the polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds (PASHs) from the aromatic fraction of vacuum residue before and after partial hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were derivatized by methylation to the methylsulfonium salts. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry provided high-resolution data on these high-molecular-weight sulfur compounds. Compounds containing one and two S atoms were found to dominate, with masses up to ca. 900 Da. Classification according to hydrogen deficiency and the number of heteroatoms showed extensive series of homologues for double bond equivalents from 5 to 20. The sulfur-containing aromatics were separated using a palladium(II) complex as a liquid chromatographic phase into two compound groups: one containing compounds with an unconjugated thiophene ring and another with a condensed thiophene ring. This, combined with the mass spectrometry (MS) data, allows for the identification of several parent structures. Partial HDS removed primarily compounds with one S atom, whereas those with two S atoms were largely unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Müller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Srijaranai S, Siriangkhawut W, Srijaranai S, Ruksakulpiwat C, Deming RL. Effect of Bound Copper(II) on the LC Separation of Selected Phenols Using an Aminophosphonic Acid Silica Stationary Phase. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200029385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mostafa GAE, Hassanien MM, Abou-El-Sherbini KS, Görlitz V. Controlled-pore silica glass modified with N-propylsalicylaldimine for the separation and preconcentration of trace Al(III), Ag(I) and Hg(II) in water samples. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:1151-6. [PMID: 12945668 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlled-pore silica glass modified with N-propylsalicylaldimine (SCPSG) has been investigated as a surface-active matrix for the separation of some metal ions. The porous silica glass base was confirmed to have better stability towards hydrolysis in aqueous solution buffered at pH=9 in comparison to silica gel, which showed twice the surface area of controlled-pore silica glass. The different analytical parameters affecting the batch mode separation and preconcentration of trace Al(II), Ag(I) and Hg(II) in environmental samples using SCPSG, prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), were studied. The optimum conditions are pH 9.0 +/- 0.1, time of stirring 30 min and the eluent concentration 0.5 mol dm(-3) HNO3. The ion-exchange capacity of SCPSG with respect to Al(III), Ag(I) and Hg(II) was 0.27, 0.18 and 0.23 mmol g(-1), respectively. The recovery values for the metal ions were 96.8 +/- 0.86, 98.1 +/- 0.60 and 96.2 +/- 1.06%, and the analytical detection limits were 26.1, 1.49 and 0.44 pg cm(-3), respectively, for a preconcentration factor of 100. The method has been applied to the determination of the investigated metal ions in natural water samples as well as certified and reported samples and the results were found to be accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Microanalytical Laboratory, Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Jaya M, Garcı́a AA. Binding of biotin labeled horseradish peroxidase using immobilized palladium ions. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(02)00020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Andersson JT. Chapter 3 Separation methods in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles. Environmental Analysis. Elsevier; 2001. pp. 75-98. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(01)80006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Becker G, Nilsson U, Colmsjö A, Östman C. Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocyclic compounds in airborne particulate by gas chromatography with atomic emission and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1998; 826:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - William T. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390
| | - Barbara A. Siles
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795
| | - Joe P. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699
| | - Howard G. Barth
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, P.O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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