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Zhang J, Gao Y, Yan J. Roles of Myokines and Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Deterioration under Disuse Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38392980 PMCID: PMC10891558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inactivity and disuse conditions, such as those experienced during spaceflight and prolonged bedrest, are frequently accompanied by detrimental effects on the motor system, including skeletal muscle atrophy and bone loss, which greatly increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Moreover, the decrease in glucose and lipid utilization in skeletal muscles, a consequence of muscle atrophy, also contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration is important, providing therapeutic targets and a scientific foundation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders under disuse conditions. Skeletal muscle, as a powerful endocrine organ, participates in the regulation of physiological and biochemical functions of local or distal tissues and organs, including itself, in endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine manners. As a motor organ adjacent to muscle, bone tissue exhibits a relative lag in degenerative changes compared to skeletal muscle under disuse conditions. Based on this phenomenon, roles and mechanisms involved in the communication between skeletal muscle and bone, especially from muscle to bone, under disuse conditions have attracted widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of muscle-derived myokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the occurrence of muscle atrophy and bone loss under disuse conditions, as well as discuss future perspectives based on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
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Li G, Qin H, Zhou M, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Ding H, Xu L, Song J. Knockdown of SIRT3 perturbs protective effects of irisin against bone loss in diabetes and periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 200:11-25. [PMID: 36863620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A well-recognized risk factor for periodontitis, diabetes mellitus (DM) aggravates periodontal disease with increasing alveolar bone loss. As a novel myokine, irisin is closely linked with bone metabolism. Nonetheless, the effects of irisin on periodontitis under diabetic conditions and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that local irisin treatment ameliorates alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress, increases SIRT3 expression within periodontal tissues of our experimentally-induced diabetes and periodontitis (DP) rat models. By culturing the periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in vitro, we found that irisin could partially rescue inhibited cell viability, mitigate accumulated intracellular oxidative stress, ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunctions, and restore disturbed osteogenic and osteoclastogenic capacities of PDLCs when exposed to high glucose and pro-inflammatory stimulation. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated SIRT3 knockdown was employed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SIRT3 mediated irisin's beneficial effects on PDLCs. Meanwhile, in SIRT3-deficient mice, irisin treatment did not protect against alveolar bone destruction and oxidative stress accumulation in DP models, which underlined the crucial role of SIRT3 in mediating the positive effects of irisin on DP. Our findings, for the first time, revealed that irisin attenuates alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress via activation of the SIRT3 signaling cascade, and highlighted its therapeutic potential for the treatment of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifen Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Demir C, Dursun AD, Sarıyıldız GT, Arslan Aİ. Serum irisin levels and osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and renal transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7. [PMID: 36773217 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the association of serum irisin levels with bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium-phosphorus metabolism parameters in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving CKD patients and RTRs. Healthy volunteers served as controls. Age, gender, and dialysis vintage were recorded. Serum irisin, creatinine, glucose, calcium, albumin, 25(OH) vitamin D, ferritin, C-reactive protein, A1C, and lipid profile were studied in all participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), corrected calcium, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 49 patients (23 hemodialysis, 26 RTRs) and 25 control subjects were included. In hemodialysis (HD) group, 8 patients (34.8%) had osteoporosis, and 12 patients (52.2%) had osteopenia. In RTR group, 3 patients (11.5%) had osteoporosis, while 15 patients (57.7%) had osteopenia. Among controls, one had osteoporosis, and 7 had osteopenia. There was no significant difference between HD and RTRs; however, osteoporosis rate was significantly lower in control subjects. BMD measurements (femur and lumbar T- and Z-scores) were comparable between HD and RTR groups. Control group DEXA values were similar to RTRs; however, they were significantly higher compared to HD group. 25(OH) vitamin D levels were comparable between the HD and RTR groups, and these were significantly lower compared to values of the control group. Mean serum irisin level was 426.6 ± 191.2 pg/mL in hemodialysis group, 342.6 ± 174.8 in the RTR group, and 208.0 ± 186.1 in controls. Serum irisin levels were similar in RTR and HD groups, but their values were significantly higher compared to controls. When we compared serum irisin levels between patients with and without osteoporosis in the whole cohort and hemodialysis and RTR groups, there was no difference. Serum irisin was positively correlated with lumbar T-score both in hemodialysis and RTR groups. CONCLUSION Our study is the first in the literature revealing the positive correlation of serum irisin level with femur T-score in RTRs. Serum irisin level was also positively correlated with femur T-scores in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atılım Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kızılcaşarİncek Gölbaşı, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Atilim University, and Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Türkmen Sarıyıldız
- Department of General Surgery, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, and Operating Room Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut İlker Arslan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Tsourdi E, Anastasilakis AD, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M, Lademann F. Irisin and Bone in Sickness and in Health: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36431340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone-like myokine produced by the skeletal muscle in response to exercise. Upon its release into the circulation, it is involved in the browning process and thermogenesis, but recent evidence indicates that this myokine could also regulate the functions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Most human studies have reported that serum irisin levels decrease with age and in conditions involving bone diseases, including both primary and secondary osteoporosis. However, it should be emphasized that recent findings have called into question the importance of circulating irisin, as well as the validity and reproducibility of current methods of irisin measurement. In this review, we summarize data pertaining to the role of irisin in the bone homeostasis of healthy children and adults, as well as in the context of primary and secondary osteoporosis. Additional research is required to address methodological issues, and functional studies are required to clarify whether muscle and bone damage per se affect circulating levels of irisin or whether the modulation of this myokine is caused by the inherent mechanisms of underlying diseases, such as genetic or inflammatory causes. These investigations would shed further light on the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis and bone disease.
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Liu J, Wang X, Fan D, Sun L, Zhang W, Yin F, Liu B. Irisin as a predictor of bone metabolism in Han Chinese Young Men with pre-diabetic individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:281. [PMID: 36401269 PMCID: PMC9673331 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a novel myokine both in mice and humans, and it can also be secreted by adipose tissue and the liver in a small amounts. There are few studies on irisin and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum irisin levels and bone metabolism and analyze its related factors in Han young male with pre-diabetic individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 41 pre-diabetes and 45 normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and bone mineral content (BMC), were performed. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 8 h of fasting, and the levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, serum irisin and bone turnover markers were measured. RESULTS The levels of serum irisin (4.4 ± 1.4 vs. 6.3 ± 1.5 µg/mL), P1NP and OC were significantly lower and CTX was significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group (P < 0.05). BMC did not differ in the two groups (P > 0.05). Serum irisin levels negatively correlated with BMI (r =-0.325), FPG (r =-0.329), TG (r =-0.339) (P < 0.05) in NGT individuals. Serum irisin levels positively correlated with P1NP (r = 0.398), OC (r = 0.351), HDL-C (r = 0.432) and negatively correlated with FPG (r = -0.725), 2 h-PG (r = -0.360) (P < 0.05) in pre-diabetic individuals. Multiple regression analysis revealed that Serum irisin (β = 9.768, P = 0.025) and WC (β = -2.355, P = 0.002) were significant independent predictors for P1NP. CONCLUSION Bone turnover markers were changed rather than bone mineral content in young men with pre-diabetes. In pre-diabetes individuals, serum irisin levels were reduced and close relationship with P1NP. Falling irisin levels may be a predictor of decreased bone formation in Han young men with pre-diabetes individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weinan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fuzai Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bowei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Hebei Medical University, No.258 Wenhua Road, 066000, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
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Kinoshita Y, Takafuji Y, Okumoto K, Takada Y, Ehara H, Mizukami Y, Kawao N, Jo JI, Tabata Y, Kaji H. Irisin improves delayed bone repair in diabetic female mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:735-747. [PMID: 35925402 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a proteolytic product of fibronectin type II domain-containing 5, which is related to the improvement in glucose metabolism. Numerous studies have suggested that irisin is a crucial myokine linking muscle to bone in physiological and pathophysiological states. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of local irisin administration with gelatin hydrogel sheets and intraperitoneal injection of irisin on the delayed femoral bone repair caused by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in female mice. We analyzed the femurs of mice using quantitative computed tomography and histological analyses and then measured the mRNA levels in the damaged mouse tissues. RESULTS Local irisin administration significantly blunted the delayed bone repair induced by STZ 10 days after a femoral bone defect was generated. Local irisin administration significantly blunted the number of Osterix-positive cells that were suppressed by STZ at the damaged site 4 days after a femoral bone defect was generated, although it did not affect the mRNA levels of chondrogenic and adipogenic genes 4 days after bone injury in the presence or absence of diabetes. On the other hand, intraperitoneal injection of irisin did not affect delayed bone repair induced by STZ 10 days after bone injury. Irisin significantly blunted the decrease in Osterix mRNA levels induced by advanced glycation end products or high-glucose conditions in ST2 cells in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2. CONCLUSIONS We first showed that local irisin administration with gelatin hydrogel sheets improves the delayed bone repair induced by diabetic state partially by enhancing osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kinoshita
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuto Takada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ehara
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-Cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-Cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Canto-Cetina T, Silva-Nicanor D, Coral-Vázquez RM, Cano-Martínez LJ, González Herrera L, García S, Lara Padilla E, Canto P. FNDC5/Irisin polymorphisms are associated with osteopenia in postmenopausal Mayan-Mestizo women. Climacteric 2022; 25:603-608. [PMID: 35866470 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2097866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the association between rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin and their haplotypes with variations in bone mineral density (BMD) and osteopenia/osteoporosis in postmenopausal Mayan-Mestizo women. METHODS We studied 547 postmenopausal women of Maya-Mestizo origin. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and total hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin were studied using real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Differences between the means of BMD according to genotype were analyzed with covariance. Allele frequency differences were assessed by χ2 and logistic regression was used to test for associations. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r2, and haplotype analysis was conducted. RESULTS Under a recessive model, we observed a significant association of rs3480 with the presence of osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003, respectively). For rs16835198, we found an association with osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck in a dominant model (p = 0.043 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found an association of rs3480 with risk to present osteopenia at the total hip and femoral neck, while rs16835198 was associated as a protector for presence of osteopenia only at the femoral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Canto-Cetina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - D Silva-Nicanor
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R M Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L J Cano-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L González Herrera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - S García
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional '20 de Noviembre', Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Lara Padilla
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - P Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Ciudad de México, México.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Ciudad de México, México
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Zhang H, Wu X, Liang J, Kirberger M, Chen N. Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process. Ageing Res Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Maïmoun L, Mariano-Goulart D, Huguet H, Renard E, Lefebvre P, Picot MC, Dupuy AM, Cristol JP, Courtet P, Boudousq V, Avignon A, Guillaume S, Sultan A. In patients with anorexia nervosa, myokine levels are altered but are not associated with bone mineral density loss and bone turnover alteration. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210488. [PMID: 35521796 PMCID: PMC9175590 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The two-fold aim of this study was: (i) to determine the effects of undernutrition on the myokines in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) and (ii) to examine the potential link between myokines and bone parameters. Methods In this study, 42 young women with restrictive AN and 42 age-matched controls (CON) (mean age, 18.5 ± 4.2 years and 18.6 ± 4.2 years, respectively) were enrolled. aBMD and body composition were determined with DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REEm), a marker of energy status, was indirectly assessed by calorimetry. Bone turnover markers and myokines (follistatin, myostatin and irisin) were concomitantly evaluated. Results AN patients presented low aBMD at all bone sites. REEm, bone formation markers, myostatin and IGF-1 were significantly lower, whereas the bone resorption marker and follistatin were higher in AN compared with controls. No difference was observed between groups for irisin levels. When the whole population was studied, among myokines, only myostatin was positively correlated with aBMD at all bone sites. However, multiple regression analyses showed that in the AN group, the independent variables for aBMD were principally amenorrhoea duration, lean tissue mass (LTM) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP). For CON, the independent variables for aBMD were principally LTM, age and PINP. Whatever the group analysed, none of the myokines appeared as explicative independent variables of aBMD. Conclusion This study demonstrated that despite the altered myokine levels in patients with AN, their direct effect on aBMD loss and bone turnover alteration seems limited in comparison with other well-known disease-related factors such as oestrogen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Helena Huguet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Boudousq
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Antoine Avignon
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wang X, Hu T, Ruan Y, Yao J, Shen H, Xu Y, Zheng B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Tan Q. The Association of Serum Irisin with Bone Mineral Density and Turnover Markers in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:7808393. [PMID: 35265126 PMCID: PMC8901306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7808393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine and adipocytokine, has been reported to decrease in type 2 diabetic patients. Recently, several research studies indicated that circulating levels were correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate bone metabolism, bone turnover markers (BTMs) should be included. However, with respect to newly diagnosed T2DM patients, the relevance of their irisin levels to their BTMs and BMD remains unclear. The investigation of serum irisin levels in patients who have been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and illumination of the relationship between serum irisin levels and those two indices of BMD and BTMs mentioned above are the intention of this cross-sectional study. METHODS 66 new-onset type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM group), together with 82 control subjects (NGT group), were recruited in this study. Serum irisin concentrations and BTMs (including osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and β-C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX)) were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Glucose, lipid profile, and insulin were considered as measuring indicators as well. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was utilized to evaluate the indicator of BMD. Serum irisin, BTMs, and BMD were compared between diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were applied as well to assess correlations between irisin and BTMs and BMD. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent factors of irisin. ROC curve analyses were carried out for serum irisin prediction for osteoporosis/osteopenia (OP). RESULTS The serum levels of irisin, procollagen type 1, intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin (OC) were evidently lower in T2DM subjects than in NGT subjects (10.90 ± 1.88 vs .11.69 ± 2.06 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 36.42(25.68,51.70) vs. 44.52(35.73,58.05)ng/ml, P < 0.05; 16.15(12.40,21.66) vs. 18.70(15.56, 23.22)ng/ml, P < 0.05). Among patients with T2DM, the circulating irisin level of those with OP was lower than that of normal BMD (9.98 ± 2.09 vs. 11.39 ± 1.57 ng/ml, P < 0.01); irisin had a negative correlation with β-C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (β-CTX) (r = -0.496, P < 0.001) and came back unrelated to Lumbar BMD; Lumbar BMD was negatively relevant to OC (r = -0.274, P < 0.05) and β-CTX (r = -0.410, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analyses of stepwise models implied that TG, LDL-C, and β-CTX were independently associated with serum irisin concentrations (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum irisin level was declined in patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in the near term and had a certain association with bone turnover markers. It is suggested to consider irisin as a potential biomarker of bone metabolic disorder in T2DM patients with the initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojing Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingying Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Bulmus O, Dundar S, Bozoglan A, Canpolat S. Evaluation of the Effects of Systemic Irisin Hormone Application on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: An Experimental Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021. [PMID: 34611101 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a biomechanical investigation of the effects of systemic irisin hormone application on the osseointegration of titanium implants in rat tibias. After surgical implementation of titanium implants in the metaphyseal part of the tibiae of rats, the rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: control group (n = 10) and irisin group (n = 10). After surgery in the control group, the rats received no further treatment during the 4-week experimental period. The rats in the irisin group were given 100 ng/kg irisin every day for the 4-week experimental period after surgery. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized. Implants and surrounding bone tissues were collected for biomechanical (Newton) bone implant connection analysis. The Student t test was used for statistical analysis. There were no significant differences in the biomechanical osseointeration values (Newton) of the groups (P > 0.05, P = 0.59). Also, in the irisin group, there was numerically but not statistically more bone implant connection than in the controls. Within the limitations of this study, irisin did not affect the osseointegration of titanium implants.
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12
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Kornel A, Den Hartogh DJ, Klentrou P, Tsiani E. Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9136. [PMID: 34502045 PMCID: PMC8430535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is constantly adapting to micro-changes to facilitate movement. When the balance between bone building and resorption shifts more towards bone resorption, the result is reduced bone density and mineralization, as seen in osteoporosis or osteopenia. Current treatment strategies aimed to improve bone homeostasis and turnover are lacking in efficacy, resulting in the search for new preventative and nutraceutical treatment options. The myokine irisin, since its discovery in 2012, has been shown to play an important role in many tissues including muscle, adipose, and bone. Evidence indicate that irisin is associated with increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, leading to reduced risk of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In addition, low serum irisin levels have been found in individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Irisin targets key signaling proteins, promoting osteoblastogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. The present review summarizes the existing evidence regarding the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kornel
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
| | - Danja J. Den Hartogh
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
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DEMİREL E, YILDIZ K, ÇADIRCI K. Can Irisin Be Used in the Follow-up of Osteoporosis Treatment? Archives of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2021. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.909548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yang J, Yu K, Liu D, Yang J, Tan L, Zhang D. Irisin enhances osteogenic differentiation of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells via upregulating osteogenic genes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:580. [PMID: 33850552 PMCID: PMC8027760 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects millions of individuals and remains a clinical challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of irisin on osteogenic differentiation by exposing MC3T3-E1 cells to different concentrations of irisin. Treated cells were assayed for osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, formation of mineralized nodules and the expression of osteogenic genes using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was unaffected by irisin at the concentrations tested of up to 100 ng/ml (P>0.05). ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation were significantly enhanced by irisin in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that irisin promotes osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of osteogenic genes, including ALP, collagen I, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteopontin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and estrogen receptor α, increased significantly after irisin treatment. The present study demonstrated that irisin promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, possibly by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes and markers. Therefore, irisin may be worthy of further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 10000, P.R. China
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15
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Zhong X, Sun X, Shan M, Zhao X, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Yang Q. The production, detection, and origin of irisin and its effect on bone cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:316-24. [PMID: 33652046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a muscle factor discovered in 2012 that plays an important role in many tissues, including bone. Eight years since its discovery, there are still many controversies regarding its molecular biology, detection, and effects on bone. This article summarizes the points raised to date, and discusses the mechanisms by which irisin regulates bone cells. The information reviewed here provides a useful foundation for future research.
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16
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Lu CW, Wang CH, Lin YL, Kuo CH, Lai YH, Hsu BG, Tsai JP. Serum Irisin Level Is Positively Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:8890042. [PMID: 33564305 PMCID: PMC7850826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8890042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a circulating hormone-like myokine that plays an important role in bone metabolism. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate whether serum irisin levels correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 80 patients on MHD, and serum irisin concentrations were determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the L2-L4 vertebrae. RESULTS In the study cohort, 10 (12.5%) and 19 (23.8%) patients had osteoporosis and osteopenia, respectively, and 51 (63.75%) patients had normal BMD. Lumbar T-score was negatively associated with body height (P=0.010), body weight (P=0.002), body mass index (BMI, P=0.010), and serum irisin (P < 0.001) and was positively associated with advanced age (P=0.031), female sex (P=0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, P=0.010), urea reduction rate (P=0.018), and fractional clearance index for urea (P=0.020). Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that high serum logarithmically transformed irisin (log-irisin, β = 0.450, adjusted R 2 change = 0.258; P < 0.001), female sex (β = -0.353, adjusted R 2 change = 0.134; P < 0.001), and serum ALP level (β = -0.176, adjusted R 2 change = 0.022; P=0.049) were significantly and independently associated with lumbar BMD in patients on MHD. CONCLUSIONS In addition to female sex and serum ALP level, serum irisin level was positively associated with lumbar BMD in patients on MHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Huang Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Pullisaar H, Landin MA, Heyward CA, Schröder M, Geng T, Grano M, Reseland JE. FNDC5/irisin is expressed and regulated differently in human periodontal ligament cells, dental pulp stem cells and osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105061. [PMID: 33508625 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the expression and regulation of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5/irisin (FNDC5/irisin) in primary human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, dental pulp stem cells (hDPCs) and osteoblasts (hOBs). METHODS FNDC5/irisin was identified in sections of paraffin embedded rat maxillae, cryo-sections of 3D cultured spheroids hPDL cells, hDPCs and hOBs, 2D cultured hPDL cells, hDPCs and hOBs by immunohistochemistry. The expression of FNDC5/irisin was identified by qPCR, followed by sequencing of the qPCR product. Regulation of FNDC5/irisin expression in hPDL cells, hDPCs and hOBs were evaluated after administration of different concentrations of irisin and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). qPCR and ELISA were used to identify expression and secretion of FNDC5/irisin in odontoblast-like differentiation of hDPCs. RESULTS FNDC5/irisin was confirmed to be present in rat periodontium and dental pulp regions, as well as in 2D and 3D cultured hPDL cells, hDPCs and hOBs. BLAST analyses verified the generated nucleotide alignments matched human FNDC5/irisin. FNDC5/irisin gene expression was enhanced during odontoblast-like differentiation of hDPCs whereas the secretion of the protein was decreased compared to control. The protein signals in rat periodontal and pulpal tissues were higher than that of alveolar bone, and the expression of FNDC5/irisin was differently regulated by recombinant irisin and ATRA in hPDL cells and hDPCs compared to hOBs. CONCLUSIONS FNDC5/irisin expression was verified in rodent periodontium and dental pulp, and in hPDL cells, hDPCs and hOBs. The FNDC5/irisin expression was regulated by recombinant irisin and ATRA. Finally, expression and secretion of FNDC5/irisin were affected during odontoblast-like differentiation of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria A Landin
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Maria Schröder
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tianxiang Geng
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhu X, Li X, Wang X, Chen T, Tao F, Liu C, Tu Q, Shen G, Chen JJ. Irisin deficiency disturbs bone metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:664-676. [PMID: 32572964 PMCID: PMC7722136 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Balancing the process of bone formation and resorption is important in the maintenance of healthy bone. Therefore, the discovery of novel factors that can regulate bone metabolism remains needed. Irisin is a newly identified hormone-like peptide. Recent studies have reported the involvement of irisin in many physiological and pathological conditions with bone mineral density changes, including osteopenia and osteoporotic fractures. In this study, we generated the first line of Osx-Cre:FNDC5/irisin KO mice, in which FNDC5/irisin was specifically deleted in the osteoblast lineage. Gene and protein expressions of irisin were remarkably decreased in bones but no significant differences in other tissues were observed in knockout mice. FNDC5/irisin deficient mice showed a lower bone density and significantly delayed bone development and mineralization from early-stage to adulthood. Our phenotypical analysis exhibited decreased osteoblast-related gene expression and increased osteoclast-related gene expression in bone tissues, and reduced adipose tissue browning due to bone-born irisin deletion. By harvesting and culturing MSCs from the knockout mice, we found that osteoblastogenesis was inhibited and osteoclastogenesis was increased. By using irisin stimulated wildtype primary cells as a gain-of-function model, we further revealed the effects and mechanisms of irisin on promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In addition, positive effects of exercise, including bone strength enhancement and body weight loss were remarkably weakened due to irisin deficiency. Interestingly, these changes can be rescued by supplemental administration of recombinant irisin during exercise. Our study indicates that irisin plays an important role in bone metabolism and the crosstalk between bone and adipose tissue. Irisin represents a potential molecule for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhu
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiangfen Li
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fengjuan Tao
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral & Cranio‐Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jake J. Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Yin C, Yang C, Wang X, Wu Z, Liang S, Li D, Lin X, Tian Y, Hu L, Li Y, Qian A. Recombinant Irisin Prevents the Reduction of Osteoblast Differentiation Induced by Stimulated Microgravity through Increasing β-Catenin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1259. [PMID: 32070052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, was shown to mediate beneficial effects of exercise in osteoporosis. Microgravity is a major threat to bone homeostasis of astronauts during long-term spaceflight, which results in decreased bone formation. Methods: The hind-limb unloading mice model and a random position machine are respectively used to simulate microgravity in vivo and in vitro. Results: We demonstrate that not only are bone formation and osteoblast differentiation decreased, but the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fdnc5; irisin precursor) is also downregulated under simulated microgravity. Moreover, a lower dose of recombinant irisin (r-irisin) (1 nM) promotes osteogenic marker gene (alkaline phosphatase (Alp), collagen type 1 alpha-1(ColIα1)) expressions, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in primary osteoblasts, with no significant effect on osteoblast proliferation. Furthermore, r-irisin could recover the decrease in osteoblast differentiation induced by simulated microgravity. We also find that r-irisin increases β-catenin expression and partly neutralizes the decrease in β-catenin expression induced by simulated microgravity. In addition, β-catenin overexpression could also in part attenuate osteoblast differentiation reduction induced by simulated microgravity. Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that r-irisin positively regulates osteoblast differentiation under simulated microgravity through increasing β-catenin expression, which may reveal a novel mechanism, and it provides a prevention strategy for bone loss and muscle atrophy induced by microgravity.
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Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia in the elderly, is one of the leading age-related neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. While AD is notorious for destroying memory and cognition, dementia patients also experience greater incidence of bone loss and skeletal fracture than age-matched neurotypical individuals, greatly impacting their quality of life. Despite the significance of this comorbidity, there is no solid understanding of the mechanisms driving early bone loss in AD. Here, we review studies that have evaluated many of the obvious risk factors shared by dementia and osteoporosis, and illuminate emerging work investigating covert pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the disorders that may have potential as new risk biomarkers or therapeutic targets in AD.Conclusions: Skeletal deficits emerge very early in clinical Alzheimer's progression, and cannot be explained by coincident factors such as aging, female sex, mobility status, falls, or genetics. While research in this area is still in its infancy, studies implicate several potential mechanisms in disrupting skeletal homeostasis that include direct effects of amyloid-beta pathology on bone cells, neurofibrillary tau-induced damage to neural centers regulating skeletal remodeling, and/or systemic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling deficits. Data from an increasing number of studies substantiate a role for the newly discovered "exercise hormone" irisin and its protein precursor FNDC5 in bone loss and AD-associated neurodegeneration. We conclude that the current status of research on bone loss in AD is insufficient and merits critical attention because this work could uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities desperately needed to address AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis has imposed a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide, especially in postmenopausal women. As a newly found protein, irisin has an important physiological role in bone metabolism. This meta-analysis intends to identify the association between circulating irisin levels and osteoporosis. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline. A comprehensive search of five databases was performed from inception to January 2019. Studies with original date on middle-aged and older participants were included. Data were analyzed according to study characteristics and heterogeneity between studies. The quality of each study and the presence of publication bias were assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa score (NOS) and normal quantile plot. RESULTS Seven studies, with a total of 1,018 participants, conducted in four countries, were included. Six of them were identified as high-quality research. Five studies included postmenopausal women, and two studies included both men and women. Possible publication bias was found in the analysis of irisin and osteoporosis. Pooled analysis indicated decreased irisin levels in osteoporotic participants (mean difference -87.91, 95% CI, -92.56 to -83.25). Subgroup analysis revealed an even lower level of irisin in postmenopausal women and in participants with a history of fractures. Analysis on associations between irisin and femoral neck or lumbar spine bone mineral density showed a weak positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this analysis suggested that circulating irisin levels were decreased in middle-aged and older participants with osteoporosis. Irisin was positively correlated with bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitong Cai
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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