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van Soest APM, van de Rest O, Witkamp RF, de Groot LCPGM. The association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cognitive ageing. Age Ageing 2024; 53:ii39-ii46. [PMID: 38745489 PMCID: PMC11094393 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet commission has proposed a dietary pattern that is both sustainable and healthy. However, the impact of this diet on cognition in older adults remains unexplored. Therefore, we examined the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cognitive ageing. METHODS We used data from a previous intervention study involving cognitively healthy community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was calculated using a recently published index and a 190-item food frequency questionnaire. Global and domain-specific cognitive functioning were assessed at baseline and after 2 years using a neuropsychological test battery. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was conducted to examine associations between EAT-Lancet diet adherence and cognitive functioning (n = 630) and 2-year change (n = 302). RESULTS Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was associated with better global cognitive functioning (β per SD = 3.7 points [95% CI]: 0.04 [0.00, 0.08]) and slower rate of decline (β per SD [95% CI]: 0.05 [0.02, 0.08]). With respect to domain-specific functioning, beneficial associations were observed cross-sectionally for executive functioning (P < 0.01), and longitudinally for change in executive functioning (P < 0.01) and attention and working memory (P < 0.01). The degree of adherence to the EAT-Lancet was not associated with (changes in) information processing speed or episodic memory. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with better global cognitive functioning and slower cognitive decline among cognitively healthy older adults. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and assess the potential benefits of the EAT-Lancet diet for the ageing population in a broader context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick P M van Soest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Elliott PS, Devine LD, Gibney ER, O'Sullivan AM. What factors influence sustainable and healthy diet consumption? A review and synthesis of literature within the university setting and beyond. Nutr Res 2024; 126:23-45. [PMID: 38613922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Globally, typical dietary patterns are neither healthy nor sustainable. Recognizing the key role of dietary change in reducing noncommunicable disease risk and addressing environmental degradation, it is crucial to understand how to shift individuals toward a sustainable and healthy diet (SHD). In this literature review, we introduced the concept of a SHD and outlined the dietary behaviors necessary to transition toward SHD consumption; we reviewed the literature on factors that may influence sustainable (and unsustainable) dietary behaviors in adults; and we developed a novel scoring system to rank factors by priority for targeting in future research. Given the significant potential to promote a sustainable and healthy dietary transition on the university campus-where factors that may impact dietary behaviors can be targeted at all levels of influence (i.e., individual, interpersonal, environmental, policy)-we narrowed our focus to this setting throughout. Aided by our novel scoring system, we identified conscious habitual eating, product price, food availability/accessibility, product convenience, self-regulation skills, knowledge of animal ethics/welfare, food promotion, and eating norms as important modifiable factors that may influence university students' dietary behaviors. When scored without consideration for the university population, these factors were also ranked as highest priority, as was modified portion sizes. Our findings offer insight into factors that may warrant attention in future research aimed at promoting SHDs. In particular, the high-priority factors identified from our synthesis of the literature could help guide the development of more personalized dietary behavioral interventions within the university setting and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Elliott
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lauren D Devine
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Frank SM, Jaacks LM, Avery CL, Adair LS, Meyer K, Rose D, Taillie LS. Dietary quality and cardiometabolic indicators in the USA: A comparison of the Planetary Health Diet Index, Healthy Eating Index-2015, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296069. [PMID: 38198440 PMCID: PMC10781024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the sustainable dietary guidance proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health. To justify incorporating sustainable dietary guidance such as the PHDI in the US, the index needs to be compared to health-focused dietary recommendations already in use. The objectives of this study were to compare the how the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) relate to cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018) were assigned a score for each dietary index. We examined disparities in dietary quality for each index. We used linear and logistic regression to assess the association of standardized dietary index values with waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglycerides (TG). We also dichotomized the cardiometabolic indicators using the cutoffs for the Metabolic Syndrome and used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the standardized dietary index values with binary cardiometabolic risk factors. We observed diet quality disparities for populations that were Black, Hispanic, low-income, and low-education. Higher diet quality was associated with improved continuous and binary cardiometabolic risk factors, although higher PHDI was not associated with high FPG and was the only index associated with lower TG. These patterns remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Sustainability-focused dietary recommendations such as the PHDI have similar cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic risk as HEI-2015 or DASH. Health-focused dietary guidelines such as the forthcoming 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans can consider the environmental impact of diet and still promote cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Frank
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katie Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald Rose
- Tulane Nutrition, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Zhang JJ, Ye YX, Dorajoo R, Khor CC, Chang XL, Yu HC, Xie JC, Pan A, Koh WP. APOE Genotype Modifies the Association between Midlife Adherence to the Planetary Healthy Diet and Cognitive Function in Later Life among Chinese Adults in Singapore. J Nutr 2024; 154:252-260. [PMID: 38035998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear if adherence to the planetary healthy diet (PHD), designed to improve human and environmental health, is associated with better cognitive function in aging, and if this association differs by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between the PHD pattern and risk of poor cognitive function, and to further assess whether the APOE ε4 allele could modify this association. METHODS The study included 16,736 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. The PHD score was calculated using data from a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998), with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the PHD. Cognitive function was assessed by the Singapore-modified Mini-Mental State Examination at follow-up 3 visits (2014-2016). A subset of 9313 participants had APOE genotype data. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS We identified 2397 (14.3%) cases of poor cognitive function. In the total population, OR (95% CI) of poor cognitive function for each one-SD increment in the PHD score was 0.89 (0.85, 0.93). Carriers of APOE ε4 allele had increased risk of poor cognitive function (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.61). There was a significant interaction between the PHD score and the APOE ε4 allele (P-interaction = 0.042). Each one-SD increment in the PHD score was significantly associated with lower risk of poor cognitive function (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96) in non-carriers of APOE ε4 allele, but not in APOE ε4 allele carriers (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.23). CONCLUSIONS Midlife adherence to the PHD was associated with reduced risk of poor cognitive function in later life. However, this was not observed in carriers of APOE ε4 allele who had higher risk of poor cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu-Ling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Han-Cheng Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Chi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Lin X, Wang S, Huang J. The Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet and Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4462. [PMID: 37892537 PMCID: PMC10610026 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have explored the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet. Thus, the objective of our study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze and summarize all clinical studies concerning the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet. We undertook a comprehensive search of the Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases up to 15 August 2023. All clinical studies concerning the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet were summarized and analyzed. In total, our systematic review included five studies of four prospective studies and one cross-sectional study, encompassing 259,315 participants. All the included studies were evaluated as high quality. The outcomes from all studies indicated that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was correlated with a reduced risk of diabetes. In conclusion, the EAT-Lancet diet may be an effective dietary intervention for diabetes. Nevertheless, the number of studies examining the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet is limited. Further high-quality studies are required to expand our understanding of the benefits of the EAT-Lancet diet for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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