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ERRα Up-Regulates Invadopodia Formation by Targeting HMGCS1 to Promote Endometrial Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044010. [PMID: 36835419 PMCID: PMC9964422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) plays an important role in endometrial cancer (EC) progression. However, the biological roles of ERRα in EC invasion and metastasis are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ERRα and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) in regulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism to promote EC progression. ERRα and HMGCS1 interactions were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, and the effects of ERRα/HMGCS1 on the metastasis of EC were investigated by wound-healing and transwell chamber invasion assays. Cellular cholesterol content was measured to verify the relationship between ERRα and cellular cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm that ERRα and HMGCS1 were related to EC progression. Furthermore, the mechanism was investigated using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays or treatment with simvastatin. High expression levels of ERRα and HMGCS1 promoted intracellular cholesterol metabolism for invadopodia formation. Moreover, inhibiting ERRα and HMGCS1 expression significantly weakened the malignant progression of EC in vitro and in vivo. Our functional analysis showed that ERRα promoted EC invasion and metastasis through the HMGCS1-mediated intracellular cholesterol metabolism pathway, which was dependent on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Our findings suggest that ERRα and HMGCS1 are potential targets to suppress EC progression.
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Önal M, Karli P, Özdemir AZ, Kocaman A, Katirci Y, Çoban G, Nakişli GK, Civil Y, Avci B. Serum kisspeptin levels in deep-infiltrating, ovarian, and superficial endometriosis: A prospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31529. [PMID: 36397399 PMCID: PMC9666188 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of endometriosis may delay for many years due to non-deterministic symptoms and avoiding surgical interventions. Kisspeptins are hormones that interact with endometrial tissue to limit invasions during placentation and various cancers and are suggested to be also associated with endometriosis. This study evaluated if serum kisspeptin levels are associated with the invasion depth in endometriosis. Forty patients between 18 and 45 years of age and admitted to a tertiary-care Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between 2020 and 2021 with a diagnosis of endometriosis, and 40 patients without endometrioma were included in the study. Demographic, obstetric, clinical, and biochemical characteristics were evaluated in patients with superficial (SE) and deep infiltrating (DIE) endometriosis and healthy controls. Twenty patients (50%) had SE, 14 (35%) had DIE, and 22 (55%) had endometrioma in the patient group. Fertility rates were higher among controls, but similar between patients with SE and DIE. CA125 levels were significantly higher in the DIE group. SE and DIE groups had similar kisspeptin values, significantly higher than controls. CA125 and kisspeptin levels were not correlated in study groups. Serum kisspeptin levels were significantly different between endometriosis patients and healthy controls. However, kisspeptin levels were unable to differentiate endometriosis severity. Our results suggest that kisspeptins might play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, which needs further assessment in more comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Önal
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Mesut Önal, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55200, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Pervin Karli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Park Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Zehra Özdemir
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Adem Kocaman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yunus Katirci
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Çoban
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gülen Kübra Nakişli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Civil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Králíčková M, Vetvicka V, Fiala L, Laganà AS, Garzon S. The Search for Biomarkers in Endometriosis: a Long and Windy Road. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1667-1673. [PMID: 34159571 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex and chronic estrogen-dependent disease, affecting a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. Despite the long interest and extensive research, the pathogenesis of the disease is still debated. Although available non-invasive diagnostic methods have adequate accuracy, an invasive approach by laparoscopy is often necessary to obtain histological confirmation. In this scenario, the search for an accurate, reliable, cost-effective, clinically applicable non-invasive biomarker plays a crucial role in a potentially early diagnosis and, in this way, shape the future management of the disease. Considering these elements, the current review aims to summarize the most significant and novel results about biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of women affected by endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luděk Fiala
- Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Piazza Biroldi 1, 21100, Varese, Italy.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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