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Gondim FDAA, Pinto WBVDR, Chieia MAT, Correia CDC, Cunha FMB, Dourado MET, França Júnior MC, Marques Júnior W, Oliveira ASB, Rodrigues CL, Silva DJD, Dias-Tosta E. Definitions, phenomenology, diagnosis, and management of the disorders of laughter and crying in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Consensus from ALS and Motor Neuron Disease Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2023; 81:764-775. [PMID: 37647907 PMCID: PMC10468253 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of neuropsychiatric phenomena observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is wide and not fully understood. Disorders of laughter and crying stand among the most common manifestations. The aim of this study is to report the results of an educational consensus organized by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology to evaluate the definitions, phenomenology, diagnosis, and management of the disorders of laughter and crying in ALS patients. Twelve members of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology - considered to be experts in the field - were recruited to answer 12 questions about the subject. After exchanging revisions, a first draft was prepared. A face-to-face meeting was held in Fortaleza, Brazil on 9.23.22 to discuss it. The revised version was subsequently emailed to all members of the ALS Scientific Department from the Brazilian Academy of Neurology and the final revised version submitted for publication. The prevalence of pseudobulbar affect/pathological laughter and crying (PBA/PLC) in ALS patients from 15 combined studies and 3906 patients was 27.4% (N = 1070), ranging from 11.4% to 71%. Bulbar onset is a risk factor but there are limited studies evaluating the differences in prevalence among the different motor neuron diseases subtypes, including patients with and without frontotemporal dementia. Antidepressants and a combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine (not available in Brazil) are possible therapeutic options. This group of panelists acknowledge the multiple gaps in the current literature and reinforces the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Núcleo de Desenvolvimento e Pesquisa de Medicamentos, Fortaleza CE, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia/Ebserh, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Troccoli Chieia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia/Ebserh, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wilson Marques Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia/Ebserh, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | - Delson José da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Hospital das Clínicas, Unidade de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia/Ebserh, Goiânia GO, Brazil
| | - Elza Dias-Tosta
- Comissão de Ética da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Boostani R, Olfati N, Shamshiri H, Salimi Z, Fatehi F, Hedjazi SA, Fakharian A, Ghasemi M, Okhovat AA, Basiri K, Haghi Ashtiani B, Ansari B, Raissi GR, Khatoonabadi SA, Sarraf P, Movahed S, Panahi A, Ziaadini B, Yazdchi M, Bakhtiyari J, Nafissi S. Iranian clinical practice guideline for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1154579. [PMID: 37333000 PMCID: PMC10272856 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1154579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegeneration involving motor neurons. The 3-5 years that patients have to live is marked by day-to-day loss of motor and sometimes cognitive abilities. Enormous amounts of healthcare services and resources are necessary to support patients and their caregivers during this relatively short but burdensome journey. Organization and management of these resources need to best meet patients' expectations and health system efficiency mandates. This can only occur in the setting of multidisciplinary ALS clinics which are known as the gold standard of ALS care worldwide. To introduce this standard to the care of Iranian ALS patients, which is an inevitable quality milestone, a national ALS clinical practice guideline is the necessary first step. The National ALS guideline will serve as the knowledge base for the development of local clinical pathways to guide patient journeys in multidisciplinary ALS clinics. To this end, we gathered a team of national neuromuscular experts as well as experts in related specialties necessary for delivering multidisciplinary care to ALS patients to develop the Iranian ALS clinical practice guideline. Clinical questions were prepared in the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format to serve as a guide for the literature search. Considering the lack of adequate national/local studies at this time, a consensus-based approach was taken to evaluate the quality of the retrieved evidence and summarize recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Olfati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zanireh Salimi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Arya Hedjazi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research Center (PRRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Okhovat
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Basiri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Haghi Ashtiani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- AL Zahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Raissi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Payam Sarraf
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Movahed
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Panahi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Ziaadini
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yazdchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Bakhtiyari
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Trojsi F, Di Nardo F, D’Alvano G, Caiazzo G, Passaniti C, Mangione A, Sharbafshaaer M, Russo A, Silvestro M, Siciliano M, Cirillo M, Tedeschi G, Esposito F. Resting state fMRI analysis of pseudobulbar affect in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): motor dysfunction of emotional expression. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:77-89. [PMID: 36370302 PMCID: PMC9922228 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), referring to exaggerated or inappropriate episodes of laughing and/or crying without an apparent motivating stimulus, has been mainly attributed to bilateral degeneration of corticobulbar tracts. We aimed at exploring brain functional connectivity (FC) correlates of PBA in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, frequently associated with PBA. Resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) independent component (ICA) and seed-based analyses and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) whole-brain analysis were performed on 27 ALS patients (13 with PBA; 14 without PBA) and 26 healthy controls (HC), for investigating functional and structural abnormalities in ALS patients compared to HC and in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA. Between-patient analysis revealed different FC patterns, especially regarding decreased FC in several areas of cognitive (default mode, frontoparietal, salience) and sensory-motor networks in patients with PBA compared to those without PBA. However, no significant differences were found in gray matter atrophy. Seed-based analysis showed increased FC between middle cerebellar peduncles and posterior cingulate cortex and decreased FC between middle cerebellar peduncles and left middle frontal gyrus in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA. Our findings suggest that some alterations of fronto-tempo-parietal-cerebellar circuits could be related to PBA in ALS. In particular, the abnormal FC between cerebellum and posterior cingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA highlights a crucial role of the cerebellum in regulating emotion expression in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Nardo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Alvano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Passaniti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Mangione
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Minoo Sharbafshaaer
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Silvestro
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mattia Siciliano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, P.Zza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms, including changes in emotional processing, are a common feature of many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy Bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's disease. However, the neuroanatomical basis of emotional symptoms is not well defined; this stands in contrast to the relatively well-understood neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive and motor symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, psychiatric diagnostic categories, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), may have limited applicability in patients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. In this clinical review, we suggest that early-onset and late-onset psychiatric symptoms have distinct etiologies, and that late-onset changes in emotional processing are likely underpinned by neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, we suggest that an improved understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of emotional changes in neurodegenerative disease may facilitate diagnosis and future treatment development. Finally, we propose a novel clinical approach, in a preliminary attempt to incorporate late-onset emotional symptoms alongside cognitive and motor symptoms into a clinical "algorithm," with a focus on the neuroanatomy implicated when particular combinations of emotional, cognitive, and motor features are present. We anticipate that this clinical approach will assist with the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, and our proposed schema represents a move towards integrating neurologic and psychiatric classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Barker
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, 21611Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie A Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, 21611Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, 21611Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Fremont
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Davangere P Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D Huey
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, 21611Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Nabizadeh F, Nikfarjam M, Azami M, Sharifkazemi H, Sodeifian F. Pseudobulbar affect in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Fitzgerald S, Gracey F, Trigg E, Broomfield N. Predictors and correlates of emotionalism across acquired and progressive neurological conditions: A systematic review. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 33:945-987. [PMID: 35323084 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2022.2052326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emotionalism can develop following a range of neurological disorders; however the aetiology of emotionalism is still unclear. To identify anatomical, neuropsychological and psychological predictors and correlates of emotionalism across neurological disorders: stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To explore if these predictors and correlates of emotionalism differ across neurological disorders. A comprehensive systematic search was completed of four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and EMBASE. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and each study was graded according to the level of evidence using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Fifty papers (participants N = 1922) were included. 25 studies were rated as "Fair," 21 "Good" and 4 "Poor." The review identified predictors and correlates found in several neurological disorder such as bulbar networks, serotonergic pathways, genetics and female gender. Multiple studies across diseases (stroke, MS, ALS) indicate emotionalism is associated with cognitive impairment, especially frontal deficits. Due to the disproportionate number of studies identified across neurological disorders, it is difficult to draw definitive answers. Further research is required across neurological disorders to explore similarities and differences in anatomical, neuropsychological and psychological predictors and correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Fitzgerald
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fergus Gracey
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Emma Trigg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Niall Broomfield
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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7
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Wei QQ, Ou R, Lin J, Zhang L, Hou Y, Cao B, Chen Y, Yang T, Shang H. Prevalence and Factors Related to Pathological Laughter and Crying in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:655674. [PMID: 34650501 PMCID: PMC8505736 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.655674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and clinical correlates of pathological laughter and crying (PLC) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: A total of 1,031 ALS patients were enrolled between August 2012 and August 2019. The PLC was recorded by a face-to-face interview. Other characteristics of patients, including depression, anxiety, cognition, and behavior function, were also evaluated. The potential associated factors of PLC were explored using forward binary regression analysis. Survival was analyzed in groups using propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The prevalence of PLC was 11.4% in all patients at baseline. Bulbar-onset and female patients had higher prevalence of PLC. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that PLC in ALS was associated with bulbar onset (p < 0.001), late disease stage (p < 0.001), and higher score in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (p = 0.012). The higher score of HDRS was significantly and independently associated with PLC occurrence in bulbar-onset patients (p = 0.032). The late disease stage was related to PLC occurrence in spinal-onset patients (p < 0.001). After comparison with matched pairs by using PSM, PLC at baseline had no impact on survival. Conclusion: PLC was not uncommon in ALS, especially in bulbar-onset and female patients. We highlighted that the emotional state other than cognitive function had possible relationship with PLC in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Tu S, Huang M, Caga J, Mahoney CJ, Kiernan MC. Brainstem Correlates of Pathological Laughter and Crying Frequency in ALS. Front Neurol 2021; 12:704059. [PMID: 34305804 PMCID: PMC8296641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.704059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudobulbar affect is a disorder of emotional expression commonly observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), presenting as episodes of involuntary laughter, or crying. The objective of the current study was to determine the association between frequency of pathological laughter and crying (PLC) episodes with clinical features, cognitive impairment, and brainstem pathology. Thirty-five sporadic ALS patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, with a subset also undergoing brain imaging. The Center for Neurological Study Lability Scale (CNS-LS) was used to screen for presence and severity of pseudobulbar affect (CNS-LS ≥ 13) and frequency of PLC episodes. Presence of pseudobulbar affect was significantly higher in bulbar onset ALS (p = 0.02). Frequency of PLC episodes was differentially associated with cognitive performance and brainstem integrity. Notably pathological laughter frequency, but not crying, showed a significant positive association with executive dysfunction on the Trail Making Test B-A (R2 = 0.14, p = 0.04). Similarly, only pathological laughter frequency demonstrated a significant negative correlation with gray matter volume of the brainstem (R2 = 0.46, p < 0.01), and mean fractional anisotropy of the superior cerebellar peduncles (left: R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01; right: R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01). Hierarchical regression indicated brainstem imaging in combination with site of symptom onset explained 73% of the variance in pathological laughter frequency in ALS. The current findings suggest emotional lability is underpinned by degeneration across distinct neural circuits, with brainstem integrity critical in the emergence of pathological laughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Tu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jashelle Caga
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colin J Mahoney
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Barć K, Szacka K, Nieporęcki K, de Carvalho M, Gromicho M, Grosskreutz J, Petri S, Rödiger A, Steinbach R, Uysal H, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M. Emotional Lability at Disease Onset Is an Independent Prognostic Factor of Faster Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1021-1028. [PMID: 33014519 PMCID: PMC7505264 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fast progressing neurodegenerative disease leading to quadriplegia, anarthria and respiratory insufficiency. A large variety of phenotypes and disability progression requires individually tailored management. Identification of predictors of poor prognosis may not only improve management, but also allow for more precise patients’ stratification for clinical trials or research studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of emotional lability present at disease onset on ALS progression by exploring its direct impact on the decay of the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). The study was performed in a group of 1145 patients from Germany, Poland, Portugal and Turkey between 2014 and 2018. The analysis showed that the presence of emotional lability at ALS onset was linked to a faster decline of ALSFRS-R (0.70 vs 0.50, p<0.0001), in case of either bulbar (0.80 vs 0.65, p<0.05) or limb disease onset (0.59 vs 0.46, p <0.01). It was most prominent in the bulbar subscore of ALSFRS-R. A multiple regression analysis showed a direct influence of emotional lability at ALS onset on disease progression, regardless of age, gender, site of onset, weight loss, cognitive impairment and diagnosis delay (β=0.071; p=0.019). It can therefore be concluded that the presence of emotional lability at the disease onset is an independent factor of faster disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Barć
- 1Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szacka
- 1Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,2Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieporęcki
- 1Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Gromicho
- 3Faculdade de Medicina-IMM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Susanne Petri
- 5Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Robert Steinbach
- 4Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- 6Department of Neurology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz
- 1Department of Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,2Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,7Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Finegan E, Chipika RH, Li Hi Shing S, Hardiman O, Bede P. Pathological Crying and Laughing in Motor Neuron Disease: Pathobiology, Screening, Intervention. Front Neurol 2019; 10:260. [PMID: 30949121 PMCID: PMC6438102 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological crying and laughing (PCL) has significant quality-of-life implications in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); it can provoke restrictive life-style modifications and lead to social isolation. Despite its high prevalence and quality of life implications, it remains surprisingly understudied. Divergent pathophysiological models have been proposed, centered on corticobulbar tract degeneration, prefrontal cortex pathology, sensory deafferentation, and impaired cerebellar gate-control mechanisms. Quantitative MRI techniques and symptom-specific clinical instruments offer unprecedented opportunities to elucidate the anatomical underpinnings of PCL pathogenesis. Emerging neuroimaging studies of ALS support the role of cortico–pontine–cerebellar network dysfunction in context-inappropriate emotional responses. The characterization of PCL-associated pathophysiological processes is indispensable for the development of effective pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Finegan
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rangariroyashe H Chipika
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stacey Li Hi Shing
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Nguyen L, Matsumoto RR. The psychopharmacology of pseudobulbar affect. Psychopharmacology of Neurologic Disease. Elsevier; 2019. pp. 243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Khairoalsindi OA, Abuzinadah AR. Maximizing the Survival of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Current Perspectives. Neurol Res Int 2018; 2018:6534150. [PMID: 30159171 PMCID: PMC6109498 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6534150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. Almost 90% of all cases occur in the sporadic form, with the rest occurring in the familial form. The disease has a poor prognosis, with only two disease-modifying drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The approved drugs for the disease have very limited survival benefits. Edaravone is a new FDA-approved medication that may slow the disease progression by 33% in a selected subgroup of ALS patients. This paper covers the various interventions that may provide survival benefits, such as early diagnosis, medications, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, diet, nutritional supplements, multidisciplinary clinics, and mechanical invasive and noninvasive ventilation. The recent data on masitinib, the role of enteral feeding, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad R. Abuzinadah
- King Abdulaziz University, Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tortelli R, Arcuti S, Copetti M, Barone R, Zecca C, Capozzo R, Barulli MR, Simone IL, Logroscino G. Pseudobulbar affect as a negative prognostic indicator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2018. [PMID: 29527672 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the presence of pseudobulbar affect (PBA) in an early stage of the disease influences survival in a population-based incident cohort of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS Incident ALS cases, diagnosed according to El Escorial criteria, were enrolled from a prospective population-based registry in Puglia, Southern Italy. The Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS), a self-administered questionnaire, was used to evaluate PBA. Total scores range from 7 to 35. A score ≥13 was used to identify PBA. Cox proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis. The modified C-statistic for censored survival data was used for models' discrimination. RECursive Partitioning and AMalgamation (RECPAM) analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with different patterns of risk, depending on baseline characteristics. RESULTS We enrolled 94 sporadic ALS, median age of 64 years (range: 26-80). At the censoring date, 65 of 94 (69.2%), 39 of 60 (65.0%), and 26 of 34 (76.5%) patients reached the outcome (tracheotomy/death), in the whole, non-PBA and in the PBA groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the two subgroups were not significantly different (log-rank test: 1.3, P = .25). The discrimination ability of a multivariable model with demographic and clinical variables of interest was not improved by adding PBA. In the RECPAM analysis, ALSFRSr and the total score of CNS-LS scale (</≥10) were the most important variables for differentiating all risk categories. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results underlie that the presence of PBA at entry negatively influences survival in a specific subgroup of patients with ALS characterized by less functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tortelli
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
| | - S. Arcuti
- Unit of Biostatistics; IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”; San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia Italy
| | - M. Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics; IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”; San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia Italy
| | - R. Barone
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
| | - C. Zecca
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
| | - R. Capozzo
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
| | - M. R. Barulli
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
| | - I. L. Simone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs; University of Bari “A. Moro”; Bari Italy
| | - G. Logroscino
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology; University of Bari “A. Moro” at Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico; Tricase Lecce Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs; University of Bari “A. Moro”; Bari Italy
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Oberstadt MCF, Esser P, Classen J, Mehnert A. Alleviation of Psychological Distress and the Improvement of Quality of Life in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Adaptation of a Short-Term Psychotherapeutic Intervention. Front Neurol 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 29713302 PMCID: PMC5911468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is inevitably fatal. To be diagnosed with a terminal illness such as ALS deeply affects one’s personal existence and goes along with significant changes regarding the physical, emotional, and social domains of the patients’ life. ALS patients have to face a rapidly debilitating physical decline which restrains mobility and impairs all activities of daily living. This progressive loss of autonomy may lead to a sense of hopelessness and loss of quality of life, which in turn may even result in thoughts about physician-assisted suicide. Here, we would like to propose a psychotherapeutic manualized, individual, semi-structured intervention to relieve distress and promote psychological well-being in ALS patients. This short-term intervention was originally developed for advanced cancer patients. “Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM)” focuses on the four dimensions: (i) symptom management and communication with healthcare providers, (ii) changes in self and relations with close others, (iii) spirituality, sense of meaning and purpose and (iv) thinking of the future, hope, and mortality. We suggest to supplement the concept by two additional dimensions which take into account specific issues of ALS patients: (v) communication skills, and (vi) emotional expression and control. This therapeutic concept named “ManagIng Burden in ALS and Living Meaningfully (mi-BALM)” may be a further treatment option to help improving quality of life of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Esser
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Mehnert
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there is limited information on its associations and course. OBJECTIVES Explore prevalence, associations, course and manifestations of PBA in outpatient cohort of patients with ALS and examine its relationship to depression. METHODS Self-reported measures of PBA and depression (Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively) were obtained from consecutive patients with ALS using tablet devices in waiting rooms (Knowledge Program). RESULTS PBA (CNS-LS ≥13) was seen in 209/735 patients (28.4%). PBA was associated with bulbar onset and dysfunction, upper motor neuron dysfunction, cognitive impairment, depression and lower quality of life. A multivariable model that included lower bulbar and gross motor subscores, female gender, younger age and shorter duration of disease predicted PBA with 74% accuracy. CNS-LS scores increased only slowly with time. Women with PBA reported more crying than men. Crying (but not laughter) correlated with depression, and crying was associated with poorer quality of life. Exploratory factor analysis of pooled questions of CNS-LS and PHQ-9 identified three underlying factors (laughter, crying and depression) loaded on appropriate questions of the respective instruments. CONCLUSION This study identifies associations of PBA and additionally finds PBA (especially crying-predominant PBA) more prevalent in women with ALS. Although the two self-report instruments (CNS-LS and PHQ-9) discriminate well between PBA and depression, there is significant overlap between depression and crying in PBA. Studies of PBA should stratify for gender, examine crying and laughter as separate outcomes and adjust for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish J Thakore
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik P Pioro
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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