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Xu Z, Zhong S, Yu Y, Li Y, Li C, Xu Z, Liu J, Wang C, Du D. Heavy Metal Contamination Alters the Co-Decomposition of Leaves of the Invasive Tree Rhus typhina L. and the Native Tree Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2523. [PMID: 37447084 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive and native plants can coexist in the same habitat; however, the decomposition process may be altered by the mixing of invasive and native leaves. Heavy metal contamination may further alter the co-decomposition of both leaf types. This study evaluated the effects of two concentrations (35 mg·L-1 and 70 mg·L-1) and three types (Pb, Cu, and combined Pb + Cu) of heavy metal contamination on the co-decomposition of leaves of the invasive tree Rhus typhina L. and the native tree Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm, as well as the mixed effect intensity of the co-decomposition of the mixed leaves. A polyethylene litterbag experiment was performed over six months. The decomposition coefficient of the two trees, mixed effect intensity of the co-decomposition, soil pH and enzymatic activities, soil bacterial alpha diversity, and soil bacterial community structure were determined. A high concentration of Pb and combined Pb + Cu significantly reduced the decomposition rate of R. typhina leaves. A high concentration of Pb or Cu significantly reduced the decomposition rate of the mixed leaves. In general, R. typhina leaves decomposed faster than K. paniculata leaves did. There were synergistic effects observed for the co-decomposition of the mixed leaves treated with combined Pb + Cu, regardless of concentration, but there were antagonistic effects observed for the co-decomposition of the mixed leaves treated with either Pb or Cu, regardless of concentration. A high concentration of Pb or Cu may increase antagonistic effects regarding the co-decomposition of mixed-leaf groups. Thus, heavy metal contamination can significantly affect the intensity of the mixed effect on the co-decomposition of heterogeneous groups of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelun Xu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Youli Yu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongyi Xu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Zhenjiang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212009, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contigency Management for Emerging Polluants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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