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Żórawik A, Hajdusianek W, Markiewicz-Górka I, Jaremków A, Pawlas K, Martynowicz H, Mazur G, Poręba R, Gać P. Coexistence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Renalase Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16666. [PMID: 38068986 PMCID: PMC10705922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the biggest health challenges facing health systems around the world. There are certain risk factors (CVRFs) that contribute to CVD. Risk factors associated with lifestyle such as tobacco consumption are particularly essential. Renalase is a recently discovered flavoprotein that may be involved in the progression of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between CVRFs and blood renalase concentration (BRC). The study group consisted of 96 people (51% women) who were hospitalized in the internal medicine department. CVRFs were measured using the AHA Life 7 scale. The E3109Hu ELISA kit was used to assess BRC. We found higher BRC in groups with a lower number of CVRFs (p < 0.05). We found a negative correlation between BRC and the number of CVRFs (r = -0.41). With the regression analysis, obesity, smoking, and a lack of physical activity (LoPE) were independently associated with lower blood renalase concentration. ROC analysis indicated the highest accuracy of BRC < 38.98 ng/mL in patients with ≥5 CVRFs. In conclusion, patients with a higher number of CVRFs had lower BRCs. The CVRFs particularly associated with a lower BRC were obesity, smoking, and LoPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żórawik
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hajdusianek
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Pointer TC, Gorelick FS, Desir GV. Renalase: A Multi-Functional Signaling Molecule with Roles in Gastrointestinal Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082006. [PMID: 34440775 PMCID: PMC8391834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival factor renalase (RNLS) is a recently discovered secretory protein with potent prosurvival and anti-inflammatory effects. Several evolutionarily conserved RNLS domains are critical to its function. These include a 20 aa site that encodes for its prosurvival effects. Its prosurvival effects are shown in GI disease models including acute cerulein pancreatitis. In rodent models of pancreatic cancer and human cancer tissues, increased RNLS expression promotes cancer cell survival but shortens life expectancy. This 37 kD protein can regulate cell signaling as an extracellular molecule and probably also at intracellular sites. Extracellular RNLS signals through a specific plasma membrane calcium export transporter; this interaction appears most relevant to acute injury and cancer. Preliminary studies using RNLS agonists and antagonists, as well as various preclinical disease models, suggest that the immunologic and prosurvival effects of RNLS will be relevant to diverse pathologies that include acute organ injuries and select cancers. Future studies should define the roles of RNLS in intestinal diseases, characterizing the RNLS-activated pathways linked to cell survival and developing therapeutic agents that can increase or decrease RNLS in relevant clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Pointer
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
- VA Connecticut Health Care System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
- VA Connecticut Health Care System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence:
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Serwin NM, Wiśniewska M, Cecerska-Heryć E, Safranow K, Skwirczyńska E, Dołęgowska B. Serum-to-urine renalase ratio and renalase fractional excretion in healthy adults and chronic kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32131757 PMCID: PMC7057639 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renalase is a flavoprotein that plays a protective role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. The secretion and way of action of this protein are still discussed. The aim of our study was to estimate the balance between serum and urine renalase in healthy individuals and CKD patients, using two parameters: fractional excretion (FE) and serum-to-urine renalase ratio (StURR). Methods Our study involved 28 healthy volunteers and 62 patients with CKD in stages I to IV. The concentration of renalase in serum and urine was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (EIAab, Wuhan, China). We analyzed associations between renalase levels in urine and serum, and other parameters: sex, age, GFR, presence of hypertension, diabetes, and proteinuria, and determined the serum-to-urine renalase ratio and fractional excretion of renalase. Results Renalase and serum-to-urine ratio were significantly higher in CKD patients in comparison with the control group. Fractional excretion was lower in CKD patients but this difference did not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.092). Multivariate analysis performed in the CKD group showed, that from mentioned parameters, serum renalase was the only significant independent factor strongly positively associated with urinary renalase concentration. Conclusions The serum-to-urine ratio is significantly and about 6.5-fold higher in CKD patients, and the fractional excretion of renalase is 3-fold, but not significantly lower in CKD patients. Renalase levels in both serum and urine are not related to the glomerular filtration rate and not associated with blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Magda Wiśniewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Skwirczyńska
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Kopylov AT, Fedchenko VI, Buneeva OA, Pyatakova NV, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. A new method for quantitative determination of renalase based on mass spectrometric determination of a proteotypic peptide labelled with stable isotopes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:1263-1270. [PMID: 29777551 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Renalase is a recently discovered kidney secretory protein, which is considered as an important component involved in blood pressure regulation. Although altered levels of renalase have been detected in plasma and urine of patients with various kidney diseases, there is certain inconsistency of changes in the renalase levels reported by different laboratories. The latter is obviously associated with the use of the ELISA as the only available approach for quantitative analysis of renalase. Thus there is a clear need for the development of antibody-independent approaches for renalase quantification. METHODS We have developed a new method for quantitative determination of human renalase, which is based on mass spectrometric detection of a proteotypic peptide containing С-terminal 13 C15 N-labelled lysine. It corresponds to a tryptic peptide of human renalase, which has been previously detected in most mass spectrometric determinations of this protein. RESULTS Using the labelled peptide H-EGDCNFVAPQGISSIIK-OH, corresponding to positions 100-116 of the human renalase sequence, as an internal standard and recombinant human renalase we have generated a calibration curve, which covered the concentration range 0.005-50 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation of 5 pg/mL. Using this calibration curve we were able to detect urinary renalase only after enrichment of initial urinary samples by ammonium sulfate precipitation (but not in untreated urine). CONCLUSIONS Results of our study indicate that quantitative determination of renalase based on mass spectrometric detection of a proteotypic peptide labelled with stable isotopes gives significantly lower values of this protein in human urine than those reported in the literature and based on the ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - V I Fedchenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - N V Pyatakova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure serum and urine renalase levels in children with a single kidney, and to compare with a reference group. METHODS Participants were: solitary kidney (n=36) and healthy children (n=57). Renalase levels were measured using the immunoenzymatic method. RESULTS Serum and urine renalase levels were significantly lower in patients with a solitary kidney compared to healthy children. Urine renalase/creatinine values were negatively related to serum creatinine and positively related to glomerular filtration rate. Significant correlations between renalase levels and blood pressure were not found. CONCLUSION Prognostic importance of reduced renalase levels in children with a single kidney can only be quantified by further longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taranta-Janusz
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Correspondence to: Dr Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz, Medical University of Bialystok,Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, 15-274 Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, Poland.
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Fedchenko VI, Buneeva OA, Kopylov AT, Veselovsky AV, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. Human urinary renalase lacks the N-terminal signal peptide crucial for accommodation of its FAD cofactor. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:347-53. [PMID: 25910647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Renalase is a recently discovered secretory protein involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Cells synthesize all known isoforms of human renalase (1 and 2) as flavoproteins. Accommodation of FAD in the renalase protein requires the presence of its N-terminal peptide. However, in secretory proteins, such peptides are usually cleaved during their export from the cell. In the present study, we have isolated human renalase from urinary samples of healthy volunteers and human recombinant renalases 1 and 2 expressed in Escherichia coli cells. In these proteins, we investigated the presence of the renalase N-terminal peptide and the FAD cofactor and performed computer-aided molecular analysis of the renalase crystal structure to evaluate possible consequences of removal of the N-terminal peptide. In contrast to human recombinant renalase isoforms 1 and 2 containing non-covalently bound FAD and clearly detectable N-terminal peptide, renalase purified from human urine lacks both the N-terminal signal peptide and FAD. The computer-aided analysis indicates that the removal of this peptide results in inability of the truncated renalase to bind the FAD cofactor. Thus, our results indicate that human renalase secreted in urine lacks its N-terminal peptide, and therefore catalytic activities of urinary renalase reported in the literature cannot be attributed to FAD-dependent mechanisms. We suggest that FAD-dependent catalytic functions are intrinsic properties of intracellular renalases, whereas extracellular renalases act in FAD- and possibly catalytic-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii I Fedchenko
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Olga A Buneeva
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Arthur T Kopylov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexander V Veselovsky
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Victor G Zgoda
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexei E Medvedev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow 119121, Russia.
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Wang Y, Wang D, Chu C, Mu JJ, Wang M, Liu FQ, Xie BQ, Yang F, Dong ZZ, Yuan ZY. Effect of Salt Intake and Potassium Supplementation on Urinary Renalase and Serum Dopamine Levels in Chinese Adults. Cardiology 2015; 130:242-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000371794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the effects of altered salt and potassium intake on urinary renalase and serum dopamine levels in humans. Methods: Forty-two subjects (28-65 years of age) were selected from a rural community of northern China. All subjects were sequentially maintained on a low-salt diet for 7 days (3.0 g/day of NaCl), a high-salt diet for an additional 7 days (18.0 g/day of NaCl), and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for a final 7 days (18.0 g/day of NaCl + 4.5 g/day of KCl). Results: Urinary renalase excretions were significantly higher during the high-salt diet intervention than during the low-salt diet. During high-potassium intake, urinary renalase excretions were not significantly different from the high-salt diet, whereas they were significantly higher than the low-salt levels. Serum dopamine levels exhibited similar trends across the interventions. Additionally, a significant positive relationship was observed between the urine renalase and serum dopamine among the different dietary interventions. Also, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion positively correlated with urine renalase and serum dopamine in the whole population. Conclusions: The present study indicates that dietary salt intake and potassium supplementation increase urinary renalase and serum dopamine levels in Chinese subjects.
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