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Ghareeb AFA, Foutz JC, Schneiders GH, Richter JN, Milfort MC, Fuller AL, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE. Host transcriptome response to heat stress and Eimeria maxima infection in meat-type chickens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296350. [PMID: 38394169 PMCID: PMC10889870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eimeria (E.) maxima parasite infects chickens' midgut disrupting the jejunal and ileal mucosa causing high morbidity and mortality. Heat stress (HS) is a seasonal stressor that impacts biological functions leading to poor performance. This study elucidates how HS, E. maxima infection, and their combination affect the ileum transcriptome. Two-hundred and forty 2-week-old males Ross708 chickens were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: thermoneutral-control (TNc), thermoneutral-infected (TNi), heat-stress control (HSc), and heat stress-infected (HSi), with 6 replicates each of 10 birds. Infected groups received 200x103 sporulated E. maxima oocysts/bird, and heat-treated groups were raised at 35°C. At 6-day post-treatment, ileums of five randomly selected chickens per group were sampled, RNA was extracted and sequenced. A total of 413, 3377, 1908, and 2304 DEGs were identified when applying the comparisons: TNc vs HSc, TNc vs TNi, HSi vs HSc, and TNi vs HSi, respectively, at cutoff ≥1.2-fold change (FDR: q<0.05). HSc vs TNc showed upregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and degradation/metabolism of multiple amino acids; and downregulation of most immune-related and protein synthesis pathways. TNc vs TNi displayed upregulation of most of immune-associated pathways and eukaryotic mRNA maturation pathways; and downregulation of fatty acid metabolism and multiple amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan. Comparing HSi versus HSc and TNi revealed that combining the two stressors restored the expression of some cellular functions, e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis; and downregulate immune response pathways associated with E. maxima infection. During E. maxima infection under HS the calcium signaling pathway was downregulated, including genes responsible for increasing the cytoplasmic calcium concentration; and tryptophan metabolism was upregulated, including genes that contribute to catabolizing tryptophan through serotonin and indole pathways; which might result in reducing the cytoplasmic pool of nutrients and calcium available for the parasite to scavenge and consequently might affect the parasite's reproductive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James C. Foutz
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gustavo H. Schneiders
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Richter
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marie C. Milfort
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alberta L. Fuller
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Zhu M, Lai W, Yao L, Xu E, Chen X, Zhang YY, Li XG. Glutamine Regulates Gene Expression Profiles to Increase the Proliferation of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and the Expansion of Intestinal Stem Cells. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2917. [PMID: 37760316 PMCID: PMC10525449 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is known for its rapid self-renewal, and glutamine is crucial in providing carbon and nitrogen for biosynthesis. However, understanding how glutamine affects gene expression in the intestinal epithelium is limited, and identifying the essential genes and signals involved in regulating intestinal epithelial cell growth is particularly challenging. In this study, glutamine supplementation exhibited a robust acceleration of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and stem cell expansion. RNA sequencing indicated diverse transcriptome changes between the control and glutamine supplementation groups, identifying 925 up-regulated and 1152 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the KEGG pathway of cell cycle and GO terms of DNA replication initiation, regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, DNA replication, minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex, and ATP binding, whereas the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the KEGG pathway of p53 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway and GO terms of inflammatory response and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, GSEA analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication initiation, ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity, and down-regulation of the TNF signaling pathway. The protein-protein association network of the intersecting genes highlighted the significance of DNA replication licensing factors (MCM3, MCM6, and MCM10) in promoting intestinal epithelial growth in response to glutamine. Based on these findings, we propose that glutamine may upregulate DNA replication licensing factors, leading to increased PI3K/Akt signaling and the suppression of TNF, JAK-STAT, and p53 pathways. Consequently, this mechanism results in the proliferation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells and the expansion of intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lewen Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - E Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Yi-yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
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Chiarello E, Di Nunzio M, Picone G, Antonelli G, Capozzi F, Bordoni A. Insight on Glucose and Fructose Absorption and Relevance in the Enterocyte Milieu. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030517. [PMID: 35276876 PMCID: PMC8839622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between high sugar intake and metabolic diseases, the biological mechanisms underlying this link are still controversial. To further examine the modification and crosstalk occurring in enterocyte metabolism during sugar absorption, in this study we evaluate the diffusion and intestinal metabolism of glucose, fructose and sucrose, which were supplemented in equimolar concentration to Caco-2 cells grown on polyester membrane inserts. At different time points after supplementation, changes in metabolite concentration were evaluated in the apical and basolateral chambers by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas-chromatography (GC). Sucrose was only minimally hydrolyzed by Caco-2 cells. Upon supplementation, we observed a faster uptake of fructose than glucose, the pentose sugar being also faster catabolized. Monosaccharide absorption was concomitant to the synthesis/transport of other metabolites, which occurred differently in glucose and fructose supplemented cells. Our results confirm the prominent role of intestinal cells in fructose metabolism and clearance after absorption, representing a further step forward in the understanding of the role of dietary sugars. Future research, including targeted analysis on specific transporters/enzymes and the use of labeled substrates, will be helpful to confirm the present results and their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiarello
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Antonelli
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0547-338955
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Gülbağ Pınar S, Pezik E, Mutlu Ağardan B, Çelebi N. Development of cyclosporine A nanosuspension: cytotoxicity and permeability on Caco-2 cell lines. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:52-62. [PMID: 34931593 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A is a calcineurin inhibitor and is usually used as an immunosuppressant medication. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanosuspension of polypeptide cyclosporine A by using the wet milling method for oral administration. Cell culture studies were also performed with human intestinal Caco-2 cell lines. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as stabilizers in nanosuspension. In vitro characterization studies such as Fourier-transform infrared analysis and morphological imaging with scanning electron microscopy have been carried out with obtained cyclosporine A nanosuspension. The particle size, particle size distribution, and zeta potential values of the nanosuspension were measured approximately 400 nm, 0.4, and -25 mV, respectively. The solubility of cyclosporine A was increased 4.5 times in nanosuspension compared to the coarse cyclosporine A powder. As a result of cytotoxicity studies conducted with different concentrations, it was decided to conduct permeability studies at a dose equivalent to 150 µg/mL cyclosporine A. Permeation studies have shown that the nanosuspension increases cyclosporine A transport by 5 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to coarse powder and commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Gülbağ Pınar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Pezik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başaran Mutlu Ağardan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çelebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodrigues DB, Failla ML. Intestinal cell models for investigating the uptake, metabolism and absorption of dietary nutrients and bioactive compounds. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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