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Altrieth AL, Suarez E, Nelson DA, Gabunia S, Larsen M. Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Salivary Gland Endothelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.22.545817. [PMID: 37425911 PMCID: PMC10327062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.545817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells have important functions in fibrosis via direct and indirect methods and in regeneration through secretion of tissue-specific, paracrineacting angiocrine factors. In the salivary gland, endothelial cells are required for proper development, but their roles within adult glands are largely unknown. The goal of this work was to identify ligand-receptor interactions between endothelial cells and other cell types that are important during homeostasis, fibrosis, and regeneration. To model salivary gland fibrosis and regeneration, we utilized a reversible ductal ligation. To induce injury, a clip was applied to the primary ducts for 14 days, and to induce a regenerative response, the clip was subsequently removed for 5 days. To identify endothelial cell-produced factors, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing of stromal-enriched cells from adult submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Transcriptional profiles of homeostatic salivary gland endothelial cells were compared to endothelial cells of other organs. Salivary gland endothelial cells were found to express unique genes and displayed the highest overlap in gene expression with other fenestrated endothelial cells from the colon, small intestine, and kidney. Comparison of the 14-day ligated, mock ligated, and 5-day deligated stromal-enriched transcripts and lineage tracing were used to identify evidence for a partial endoMT phenotype, which was observed in a small number of endothelial cell subsets with ligation. CellChat was used to predict changes in ligand-receptor interactions in response to ligation and deligation. CellChat predicted that after ligation, endothelial cells are sources of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type m, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13, and myelin protein zero signaling and targets for tumor necrosis factor signaling. Following deligation, CellChat predicted that endothelial cells are sources of chemokine (C-X-C motif) and EPH signaling to promote regenerative responses. These studies will inform future endothelial cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Altrieth
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Emily Suarez
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sergo Gabunia
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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Sharma A, Behl T, Sharma L, Shah OP, Yadav S, Sachdeva M, Rashid S, Bungau SG, Bustea C. Exploring the molecular pathways and therapeutic implications of angiogenesis in neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114693. [PMID: 37062217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to chronic neuro-inflammatory condition underlying neuropathic pain. It is generally linked with thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It results due to injury or infection in the nervous system. The neuropathic pain spectrum covers a variety of pathophysiological states, mostly involved are ischemic injury viral infections associated neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, autoimmune disorders, traumatic origin, hereditary neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and channelopathies. In CNS, angiogenesis is evident in inflammation of neurons and pain in bone cancer. The role of chemokines and cytokines is dualistic; their aggressive secretion produces detrimental effects, leading to neuropathic pain. However, whether the angiogenesis contributes and exists in neuropathic pain remains doubtful. In the present review, we elucidated summary of diverse mechanisms of neuropathic pain associated with angiogenesis. Moreover, an overview of multiple targets that have provided insights on the VEGF signaling, signaling through Tie-1 and Tie-2 receptor, erythropoietin pathway promoting axonal growth are also discussed. Because angiogenesis as a result of these signaling, results in inflammation, we focused on the mechanisms of neuropathic pain. These factors are mainly responsible for the activation of post-traumatic regeneration of the PNS and CNS. Furthermore, we also reviewed synthetic and herbal treatments targeting angiogenesis in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Shah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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Sulaeman A, Fine J, de Vargas-Machuca A, Vitorino SA, Wagner PD, Fruttiger M, Breen EC. Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor gene inactivation in endothelial cells and skeletal myofibres on muscle enzyme activity, capillary supply and endurance exercise in mice. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2168-2177. [PMID: 32936962 DOI: 10.1113/ep088924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressed by both endothelial cells and skeletal myofibres maintain the number of skeletal muscle capillaries and regulate endurance exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? VEGF expressed by both endothelial cells and skeletal myofibres is not essential for maintaining capillary number but does contribute to exercise performance. ABSTRACT Many chronic diseases lead to exercise intolerance, with loss of skeletal muscle capillaries. While many muscle cell types (myofibres, satellite cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts) express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), most muscle VEGF is stored in myofibre vesicles which can release VEGF to signal VEGF receptor-expressing cells. VEGF gene ablation in myofibres or endothelial cells alone does not cause capillary regression. We hypothesized that simultaneously deleting the endothelial cell (EC) and skeletal myofibre (Skm) VEGF gene would cause capillary regression and impair exercise performance. This was tested in adult mice by simultaneous conditional deletion of the VEGF gene (Skm/EC-VEGF-/- mice) through the use of VEGFLoxP, HSA-Cre-ERT2 and PDGFb-iCre-ERT2 transgenes. These double-deletion mice were compared to three control groups - WT, EC VEGF gene deletion alone and myofibre VEGF gene deletion alone. Three weeks after initiating gene deletion, Skm/EC-VEGF-/- mice, but not SkmVEGF-/- or EC-VEGF-/- mice, reached exhaustion 40 min sooner than WT mice in treadmill tests (P = 0.002). WT, SkmVEGF-/- and EC-VEGF-/- , but not Skm/EC-VEGF-/- , mice gained weight over the 3 weeks. Capillary density, fibre area and capillary: fibre ratio in soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius and cardiac papillary muscle were similar across the groups. Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities increased only in Skm/EC-VEGF-/- mice. These data suggest that deletion of the VEGF gene simultaneously in endothelial cells and myofibres, while reducing treadmill endurance and despite compensatory augmentation of glycolysis, is not required for muscle capillary maintenance. Reduced endurance remains unexplained, but may possibly be related to a role for VEGF in controlling perfusion of contracting muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sulaeman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Janelle Fine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven A Vitorino
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter D Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Komrakova M, Fiebig J, Hoffmann DB, Krischek C, Lehmann W, Stuermer KM, Sehmisch S. The Advantages of Bilateral Osteotomy Over Unilateral Osteotomy for Osteoporotic Bone Healing. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:80-94. [PMID: 29352329 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most models of osteoporotic bone fractures are performed unilaterally (UL). We investigated healing of tibia osteotomy performed either UL or bilaterally (BL) in ovariectomized rats. Behavior of animals and muscle structure were assessed. Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (n = 32). After 10 weeks, half the rats underwent UL osteotomy of tibia metaphysis (right limb) with plate osteosynthesis. The other rats were osteotomized BL. Half of the rats in each group received either standard pain treatment with carprofen (5 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1x/day for 2 days) or carprofen and buprenorphine (5 mg/kg BW, 1x/day and 0.03 mg/kg BW, 2x/day for 5 days) after osteotomy. The UL rats started to load the injured limb from day 27 ± 9; BL rats did this from day 4 ± 4 onward. The UL rats more frequently loaded only one hind limb; BL rats more often loaded both hind limbs. Osteotomy was not bridged in 20% of UL rats and in 4% of BL rats. Callus volume and bone volume fraction were lower in UL group. Weight and fiber size of UL-intact limb muscles were enhanced, compared to the osteotomized limb and those in BL group. Most of the other parameters which assess physiology, activity, body posture, head, or coat were not different. The effect of two pain therapies was not significant on any variable studied. Welfare of the animals was acceptable in all rats. In UL rats, bone healing was delayed. The more advanced healing in BL rats suggested a positive effect of earlier loading. In studies on bone healing, it is advisable to perform BL osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - J Fiebig
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Krischek
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hanover, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K M Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Matsumoto Y, Nakano J, Oga S, Kataoka H, Honda Y, Sakamoto J, Okita M. The non-thermal effects of pulsed ultrasound irradiation on the development of disuse muscle atrophy in rat gastrocnemius muscle. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1578-1586. [PMID: 24613643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound (US) on the development of disuse muscle atrophy in rat gastrocnemius muscle. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into control, immobilization (Im), sham US, and US groups. In the Im, sham US and US groups, the bilateral ankle joints of each rat were immobilized in full plantar flexion with a plaster cast for a 4-wk period. The pulsed US (frequency, 1 MHz; intensity, 1.0 W/cm(2); pulsed mode 1:4; 15 min) was irradiated to the gastrocnemius muscle in the US group over a 4-wk immobilization period. The pulsed US irradiation delivered only non-thermal effects to the muscle. In conjunction with US irradiation, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected subcutaneously to label the nuclei of proliferating satellite cells 1 h before each pulsed US irradiation. Immobilization resulted in significant decreases in the mean diameters of type I, IIA and IIB muscle fibers of the gastrocnemius muscle in the Im, sham US and US groups compared with the control group. However, the degrees of muscle fiber atrophy for all types were significantly lower in the US group compared with the Im and sham US groups. Although the number of capillaries and the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor did not change in the muscle, the number of BrdU-positive nuclei in the muscle was significantly increased by pulsed US irradiation in the US group. The results of this study suggest that pulsed US irradiation inhibits the development of disuse muscle atrophy partly via activation of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Oga
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki Memorial Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Scallan J, Huxley VH, Korthuis RJ. Capillary Fluid Exchange: Regulation, Functions, and Pathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4199/c00006ed1v01y201002isp003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yoneyama T, Miyata K, Chikai T, Mikami A, Suzuki T, Hasegawa K, Ikeda T, Watanabe T, Ohyama T, Niwa K. Clostridium botulinum serotype D neurotoxin and toxin complex bind to bovine aortic endothelial cells via sialic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 54:290-8. [PMID: 18801042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is produced as a large toxin complex (L-TC) associated with nontoxic nonhemagglutinin (NTNHA) and three hemagglutinin subcomponents (HA-70, -33 and -17). The binding properties of BoNT to neurons and L-TC to intestinal epithelial cells are well documented, while those to other tissues are largely unknown. Here, to obtain novel insights into the pathogenesis of foodborne botulism, we examine whether botulinum toxins bind to vascular endothelial cells. BoNT and 750 kDa L-TC (a complex of BoNT, NTNHA and HAs) of Clostridium botulinum serotype D were incubated with bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), and binding to the cells was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Both BoNT and L-TC bound to BAECs, with L-TC showing stronger binding. Binding of BoNT and L-TC to BAECs was significantly inhibited by N-acetyl neuraminic acid in the cell culture medium or by treatment of the cells with neuraminidase. However, galactose, lactose or N-acetyl galactosamine did not significantly inhibit toxin binding to the cells. This is the first report demonstrating that BoNT and L-TC bind to BAECs via sialic acid, and this mechanism may be important in the trafficking pathway of BoNT in foodborne botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
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Shefer G, Carmeli E, Rauner G, Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Benayahu D. Exercise running and tetracycline as means to enhance skeletal muscle stem cell performance after external fixation. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:265-75. [PMID: 18064665 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged limb immobilization, which is often the outcome of injury and illness, results in the atrophy of skeletal muscles. The basis of muscle atrophy needs to be better understood in order to allow development of effective countermeasures. The present study focused on determining whether skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells, are directly affected by long-term immobilization as well as on investigating the potential of pharmacological and physiological avenues to counterbalance atrophy-induced muscle deterioration. We used external fixation (EF), as a clinically relevant model, to gain insights into the relationships between muscle degenerative and regenerative conditions to the myogenic properties and abundance of bona fide satellite cells. Rats were treated with tetracycline (Tet) through the EF period, or exercise trained on a treadmill for 2 weeks after the cessation of the atrophic stimulus. EF induced muscle mass loss; declined expression of the muscle specific regulatory factors (MRFs) Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and also of satellite cell numbers and myogenic differentiation aptitude. Tet enhanced the expression of MRFs, but did not prevent the decline of the satellite cell pool. After exercise running, however, muscle mass, satellite cell numbers (enumerated through the entire length of myofibers), and myogenic differentiation aptitude (determined by the lineal identity of clonal cultures of satellite cells) were re-gained to levels prior to EF. Together, our results point to Tet and exercise running as promising and relevant approaches for enhancing muscle recovery after atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shefer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wang JS, Yang CF, Liaw MY, Wong MK. Suppressed cutaneous endothelial vascular control and hemodynamic changes in paretic extremities with edema in the extremities of patients with hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83:1017-23. [PMID: 12098165 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.33235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate peripheral circulatory function and its underlying mechanisms in the paretic upper extremity after a stroke. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING A department of physical medicine and rehabilitation in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 53 hemiplegic patients (28 men, 25 women; mean age +/- standard deviation; 58.2+/-3.8y) were studied. Subjects were divided into edema and nonedema groups. The edema group included 29 hemiplegic patients with edematous paretic upper extremities. Twenty-four hemiplegic patients in the nonedema group did not suffer from limb edema in the paretic upper extremity. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to 3 grade levels of iontophoretically applied 1% acetylcholine (ACh), 1% ACh plus 1% N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), and 1% sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the skin of subjects' forearms were determined by laser Doppler perfusion measurements. Moreover, hemodynamic characteristics in the arterial and venous vessels were measured by impedance plethysmography. RESULTS Resting arterial inflow and venous capacity, tone, and outflow in paretic extremities did not significantly differ from nonparetic extremities, but the hyperemic arterial inflow was lower in paretic extremities than in nonparetic extremities, and paretic extremities were associated with lower ACh- and ACh plus L-NMMA-induced cutaneous perfusions than nonparetic extremities. ACh-induced cutaneous perfusions also decreased much more significantly in edematous paretic extremities than in nonedematous paretic extremities, and skin vascular responses to SNP do not differ significantly between paretic and nonparetic extremities. CONCLUSION Cutaneous microcirculatory function in the paretic upper extremity after stroke may be impaired. The impairment may occur because of decreased endothelium-dependent dilation in skin vasculature. Dysfunction in cutaneous microcirculation tends to be more pronounced in the edematous than in the nonedematous extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shyan Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Zernicka E, Smol E, Langfort J, Górecka M. Time course of changes in lipoprotein lipase activity in rat skeletal muscles during denervation-reinnervation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:535-40. [PMID: 11796661 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00820.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of denervation-reinnervation after sciatic nerve crush on the activity of extracellular and intracellular lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were examined in the soleus and red portion of gastrocnemius muscles. The activity of both LPL fractions was decreased in the two muscles within 24 h after the nerve crush and remained reduced for up to 2 wk. During the reinnervation period, LPL activity was still reduced in the soleus and started to increase only on the 40th day. In the red gastrocnemius, LPL activity increased progressively with reinnervation, exceeding control values on the 30th day post-crush. The LPL activity in the soleus from the contralateral to denervated hindlimb was also affected, being increased on the postoperation day and then gradually decreased during the following days. In conclusion, the time course of changes in muscle LPL activity after nerve crush confirmed the predominant role of nerve conduction in controlling muscle potential to take up free fatty acids derived from the plasma triacylglycerols. However, other factors, such as muscle fiber composition and the fiber transformation, should also be considered in this aspect of the denervation-reinnervation process. Moreover, it was found that denervation of muscles from one hindlimb may influence LPL activity in muscles from the contralateral leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zernicka
- Department of Applied Physiology, Medical Research Center, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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