Leaf silicon accumulation rates in relation to light environment and shoot growth rates in paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, Moraceae)

Lamina-specific localization of silicon accumulation in two broadleaf tree species

Silicon (Si) accumulation differs greatly among plant species, as revealed by an increasing number of studies reporting whole-leaf Si concentration for a wide range of land plants. Yet, we have limited knowledge about Si distribution across leaf parts (e.g., lamina vs. veins) within a leaf of eudicots. Here, we report how Si accumulation with leaf age differs among petiole, midrib, and lamina in two broad-leaved trees, Acer rufinerve and Ficus erecta. We marked a pair of neighboring leaves in each marked shoot and harvested one in May and the other in October to measure Si concentration. In both species, the lamina showed much higher Si concentration than the petiole and vein in both young and old leaves, and only the lamina showed clear increases in Si concentration from young to old leaves. Si accumulation rate correlated positively with shoot size and leaf production in F. erecta but not in A. rufinerve. These results strongly suggest that, in eudicot species, Si is deposited mostly in leaf lamina but in only a negligible amount in petioles and veins through which Si dissolved in water is transported. Future research on physiological regulations of Si accumulation in eudicot species should consider which specific cells in leaf lamina are responsible for such highly localized Si deposition.