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Dang F, Zhai T, Ding N, Gao J, Li R, Li H, Ran X. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure ICU Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Central Line Bloodstream Infection Practices. J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:E59-E65. [PMID: 36917825 PMCID: PMC10442122 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no instrument available to assess intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention practices. PURPOSE To develop and validate a CLABSI questionnaire to measure ICU nurses' KAP (CLABSI-KAP-Q). METHODS Data were collected from 255 nurses at 4 hospitals in Gansu Province, China. Questions on the CLABSI-KAP-Q were generated through a review of the literature, interviews with nurses, and multiple rounds of content validity evaluation by experts. The validity and reliability of the CLABSI-KAP-Q were assessed with exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and correlation coefficients. RESULTS The final version of the CLABSI-KAP-Q consisted of 32 items. The reliability was represented by a Cronbach α of 0.946, while the test-retest reliability was 0.945. The overall content validity was 0.95. CONCLUSIONS The CLABSI-KAP-Q is shown to be valid and reliable and recommended for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Dang
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Tiantian Zhai
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Nannan Ding
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Jing Gao
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Rao Li
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Huiju Li
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
| | - Xingwu Ran
- West China School of Nursing (Dang and Li and Dr Ran), and Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital (Dang and R. Li and Dr Ran), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (Dang, Zhai, Ding, Gao, and Dr H. Li); Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China (Zhai and Gao); and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China (Ding)
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Rizzolo JB, Zhu A, Chen R. Wildlife Consumption, Health, and Zoonotic Disease in China After the Emergence of COVID-19. Ecohealth 2023; 20:323-342. [PMID: 38006517 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There has been much discussion in the conservation and policy realms of COVID-19 as a zoonotic disease, or a disease transmitted from wildlife to humans. However, wildlife consumption in China is not only a potential source of disease but also a practice embedded in complex beliefs about health. This paper used survey data (N = 974) collected in China in June 2021 to examine attitudes and behaviors related to (a) wildlife consumption, (b) Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and (c) zoonotic risk after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. 40.1% of respondents self-reported that they are less likely to consume wild animals since the outbreak of COVID-19. Respondents who used wildlife supplements for TCM, who believed in the benefits of wild animal consumption and fresh slaughter of wildlife, and who had higher levels of agreement with the zoonotic origin of COVID-19 were more likely to report that they had decreased their wildlife consumption after the outbreak of COVID-19. Use of wildlife in TCM significantly increased the odds that a respondent believed that COVID-19 was very likely zoonotic. We discuss how situating wildlife consumption within complex beliefs about health and disease can assist with protecting wildlife and public health in the wake of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bell Rizzolo
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Annah Zhu
- Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhu AL, Chen R, Rizzolo J, Qian J. Perceptions of COVID-19 origins and China's wildlife policy reforms. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023; 43:e02463. [PMID: 37069900 PMCID: PMC10076075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the link between perceptions of zoonotic risk and support for regulations such as wildlife consumption bans, debates regarding the origins of COVID-19 are likely to have conservation implications. Specifically, alternative hypotheses that cast doubt on COVID-19's zoonotic origins could potentially lessen momentum for China's wildlife policy reforms and their associated conservation impacts. To better understand the impact of COVID-19 origin debates on China's wildlife policies, we conducted a 974-respondent survey across mainland China, supplemented by policy and media reviews. We examined perceptions of three facets of COVID-19 origins: geographic location, source (e.g., wildlife farm, wet market, etc.), and specific wildlife species as transmitters. Our findings reveal that 64.6 % of respondents believed COVID-19 originated in the United States or Europe, not in China. Further, compared to the baseline group of respondents who selected China as the origin country, respondents who selected the United States or Europe as the origin had a greater likelihood of selecting laboratories/research and imported frozen foods as likely sources, while these respondents had a lower likelihood of selecting wild animals in a wet market or natural causes as likely sources. Despite such varied beliefs regarding COVID-19 origins, support for wildlife policy reforms was strong: 89.5 % of respondents who previously consumed wildlife self-indicated reduced consumption after the pandemic and 70.5 % of respondents supported banning the trade of all wildlife species. Moreover, those respondents who selected wild animals in a wet market as a likely source of COVID-19 had a greater likelihood of supporting a trade ban on all wild-caught wildlife and all farmed wildlife. Our results indicate that, although investigation of COVID-19's origins is on-going and politicized, there is clear support for wildlife reforms in China that can promote conservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Lake Zhu
- Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruishan Chen
- School of Design, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jin Qian
- Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Pham TT, Tang HTK, Nguyen NTK, Dang PH, Nguyen ATV, Nguyen ATT, Tran HNM, Hoang LT, Tran DNL, Nguyen QN. COVID-19 impacts, opportunities and challenges for wildlife farms in Binh Duong and Ba Ria Vung Tau, Vietnam. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022; 40:e02314. [PMID: 36312591 PMCID: PMC9598250 DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The wildlife trade is a major cause of species loss and can trigger disease transmission. While the COVID-19 pandemic sparked public interest in eliminating the wildlife trade, a better understanding is needed of the economic repercussions of COVID-19 on those who rely on wildlife farming for their livelihoods. Using the case studies of Ba Ria Vung Tau and Binh Duong provinces in Vietnam - a country seen as Asia's wildlife trade hotspot - this paper explores COVID-19's impacts on wildlife farms and their owners. Understanding these impacts is important, both in order to design appropriate interventions to support local people in mitigating COVID-19's impacts as well as to inform effective policymaking around wildlife conservation in Vietnam. In this study, we adopted mixed research methods (including a literature and policy review, stakeholder consultation with government agencies and NGOs engaged in designing and monitoring wildlife conservation policies, a wildlife farming household survey, and research validation workshop) to understand the status of Vietnamese wildlife farms, as well as the impacts of COVID-19, and any opportunities and challenges for wildlife conservation and management in Vietnam. Our paper shows that, across the two studied provinces, numbers of wildlife farms and farmed wildlife animals have both declined since the pandemic, with declining market demand and wildlife farm owners experiencing difficulties accessing markets due to travel restrictions. Although this affected wildlife-related income, this represented less than 30 % of families' overall income on average, and thus households were able to maintain their livelihoods through other sources. Most wildlife is raised as an additional food source for farming families and plays an important role in the diets of surveyed households. Findings also highlighted that most surveyed households' post-pandemic recovery strategies involved expanding their wildlife farms in scope and scale; these households perceived a stable domestic market and high prices for wildlife products in future. Our study found several opportunities for sustainable wildlife farming practices, including greater political commitment, an increasing number of wildlife conservation policies, and stronger law enforcement mechanisms. Challenges remain, however; including an unclear and inconsistent policy framework, the presence of an illegal market, and wildlife farm owners' limited knowledge and understanding of wildlife policies. Our paper also shows a lack of comprehensive data and understanding around actual wildlife transactions during the pandemic, leading to challenges in confirming whether COVID-19 had any real impact on wildlife trade. Further research is required to address this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thu Pham
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Anh Thi Van Nguyen
- University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hoa Ngoc My Tran
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | - Long Tuan Hoang
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
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Sánchez CA, Li H, Phelps KL, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Wang LF, Zhou P, Shi ZL, Olival KJ, Daszak P. A strategy to assess spillover risk of bat SARS-related coronaviruses in Southeast Asia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4380. [PMID: 35945197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging diseases caused by coronaviruses of likely bat origin (e.g., SARS, MERS, SADS, COVID-19) have disrupted global health and economies for two decades. Evidence suggests that some bat SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) could infect people directly, and that their spillover is more frequent than previously recognized. Each zoonotic spillover of a novel virus represents an opportunity for evolutionary adaptation and further spread; therefore, quantifying the extent of this spillover may help target prevention programs. We derive current range distributions for known bat SARSr-CoV hosts and quantify their overlap with human populations. We then use probabilistic risk assessment and data on human-bat contact, human viral seroprevalence, and antibody duration to estimate that a median of 66,280 people (95% CI: 65,351–67,131) are infected with SARSr-CoVs annually in Southeast Asia. These data on the geography and scale of spillover can be used to target surveillance and prevention programs for potential future bat-CoV emergence. Coronaviruses may spill over from bats to humans. This study uses epidemiological data, species distribution models, and probabilistic risk assessment to map overlap among people and SARSr-CoV bat hosts and estimate how many people are infected with bat-origin SARSr-CoVs in Southeast Asia annually.
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