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Togo E. Time Series Data Analysis of Mindfulness Breathing Method Using Electroencephalogram. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608231226073. [PMID: 38268948 PMCID: PMC10807306 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231226073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workers and students are often stressed and distressed by a variety of factors, including work and study. However, support for individual psychological stress is not yet well established. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mindfulness breathing on the mental load of college students using an electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods Twenty participants were randomly allocated into treatment or control groups, with 10 participants in each group. Mindfulness breathing was applied to participants in the treatment group, while those in the control group received no treatment. The regression equation was evaluated from the EEG, and time series analysis was performed based on autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation. Results In the After condition after mindfulness breathing exercises in the Mi group, the alpha wave content of the regression equation at eye closure after task performance showed an upward trend, and the autocorrelation coefficient showed repeated upward and downward fluctuations. Conclusion It was suggested that alpha wave content may increase over time with mindfulness breathing exercises. The EEG after mindfulness breathing exercises was shown not to be constant and to have non-linear characteristics. This suggested that the effects of mindfulness breathing exercises could be evaluated using time series data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Togo
- Faculty of Nursing/Department of Nursing, Hyogo University, Kakogawa City, Japan
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Roxburgh AD, White DJ, Grillon C, Cornwell BR. A neural oscillatory signature of sustained anxiety. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2023; 23:1534-1544. [PMID: 37880568 PMCID: PMC10684633 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a sustained response to uncertain threats; yet few studies have explored sustained neurobiological activities underlying anxious states, particularly spontaneous neural oscillations. To address this gap, we reanalysed magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data recorded during induced anxiety to identify differences in sustained oscillatory activity between high- and low-anxiety states. METHODS We combined data from three previous MEG studies in which healthy adults (total N = 51) were exposed to alternating periods of threat of unpredictable shock and safety while performing a range of cognitive tasks (passive oddball, mixed-saccade or stop-signal tasks). Spontaneous, band-limited, oscillatory activity was extracted from middle and late intervals of the threat and safe periods, and regional power distributions were reconstructed with adaptive beamforming. Conjunction analyses were used to identify regions showing overlapping spectral power differences between threat and safe periods across the three task paradigms. RESULTS MEG source analyses revealed a robust and widespread reduction in beta (14-30 Hz) power during threat periods in bilateral sensorimotor cortices extending into right prefrontal regions. Alpha (8-13 Hz) power reductions during threat were more circumscribed, with notable peaks in left intraparietal sulcus and thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Threat-induced anxiety is underpinned by a sustained reduction in spontaneous beta- and alpha-band activity in sensorimotor and parietal cortical regions. This general oscillatory pattern likely reflects a state of heightened action readiness and vigilance to cope with uncertain threats. Our findings provide a critical reference for which to identify abnormalities in cortical oscillatory activities in clinically anxious patients as well as evaluating the efficacy of anxiolytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel D Roxburgh
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | | | - Brian R Cornwell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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3
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Wise S, Huang-Pollock C, Pérez-Edgar K. Frontal alpha asymmetry in anxious school-aged children during completion of a threat identification task. Biol Psychol 2023; 179:108550. [PMID: 37003420 PMCID: PMC10175183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetry of EEG alpha power in the frontal lobe has been extensively studied over the past 30 years as a potential marker of emotion and motivational state. However, most studies rely on time consuming manipulations in which participants are placed in anxiety-provoking situations. Relatively fewer studies have examined alpha asymmetry in response to briefly presented emotionally evocative stimuli. If alpha asymmetry can be evoked in those situations, it would open up greater methodological possibilities for examining task-driven changes in neural activation. Seventy-seven children, aged 8-12 years old (36 of whom were high anxious), completed three different threat identification tasks (faces, images, and words) while EEG signal was recorded. Alpha power was segmented and compared across trials in which participants viewed threatening vs. neutral stimuli. Threatening images and faces, but not words, induced lower right vs. left alpha power (greater right asymmetry) that was not present when viewing neutral images or faces. Mixed results are reported for the effect of anxiety symptomatology on asymmetry. In a similar manner to studies of state- and trait-level withdrawal in adults, frontal neural asymmetry can be induced in school-aged children using presentation of brief emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Wise
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, USA.
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Deng X, Zhang S, Chen X, Coplan RJ, Xiao B, Ding X. Links between social avoidance and frontal alpha asymmetry during processing emotional facial stimuli: An exploratory study. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108516. [PMID: 36792050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are socially avoidant actively remove themselves from opportunities for social interaction and have a strong desire for solitude. Although social avoidance is associated with a host of adjustment difficulties, its neural substrates remain under-explored. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory study to compare electroencephalography (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) scores during processing emotional facial stimuli in socially avoidant and non-withdrawn comparison individuals. From an original sample of N = 384 undergraduate students, 25 avoidant and 27 comparison individuals were identified. For this subset of participants, EEG modulations and self-reported experience ratings during a picture processing task were assessed. Among the results, the socially avoidant group's ratings of positive stimuli were significantly lower than the non-withdrawn comparison group. The socially avoidant group also had significantly lower FAA scores in response to positive stimuli than the comparison group. Further, asymmetry scores of the comparison group in the positive conditions were higher than in the negative and neutral conditions. However, there were no significant differences between these three conditions in the socially avoidant group. Our results suggest that socially avoidant individuals may eschew interpersonal relationships because of a relatively greater right hemisphere cortical activity, which may contribute to a withdrawal motivation when confronted with negative emotional stimuli in social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Deng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert J Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xuechen Ding
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China; The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Abstract
Individuals with internet addiction (IA) show difficulties in emotion regulation. However, they could effectively employ emotion regulation strategies when instructed. We speculate that this discrepancy might be caused by maladaptive emotion regulation choices. Recent studies indicated that decreased activity of the left frontal cortex could be a neural marker of reappraisal use. To address this problem, individuals with IA (n = 17, IA group) and healthy individuals (n = 23, healthy control [HC] group) were required to choose an emotion regulation strategy between reappraisal and distraction to regulate their emotions varying in emotional intensity and valence. We also compared the resting state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of these 2 groups. The results replicated more choices of reappraisal in low- versus high-intensity emotional contexts across groups. More importantly, the IA group chose reappraisal less frequently compared with the HC group, irrespective of emotional intensity. Furthermore, we found individuals with IA have lower FAA than healthy controls, and FAA shows a positive correlation with the use of reappraisal. These findings suggest that IA alters individuals' patterns of emotion regulation choice and impairs frontal activities, causing difficulties in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- 26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Liu W, Jia K, Wang Z, Ma Z. A Depression Prediction Algorithm Based on Spatiotemporal Feature of EEG Signal. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050630. [PMID: 35625016 PMCID: PMC9139403 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has gradually become the most common mental disorder in the world. The accuracy of its diagnosis may be affected by many factors, while the primary diagnosis seems to be difficult to define. Finding a way to identify depression by satisfying both objective and effective conditions is an urgent issue. In this paper, a strategy for predicting depression based on spatiotemporal features is proposed, and is expected to be used in the auxiliary diagnosis of depression. Firstly, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were denoised through the filter to obtain the power spectra of the three corresponding frequency ranges, Theta, Alpha and Beta. Using orthogonal projection, the spatial positions of the electrodes were mapped to the brainpower spectrum, thereby obtaining three brain maps with spatial information. Then, the three brain maps were superimposed on a new brain map with frequency domain and spatial characteristics. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) were applied to extract the sequential feature. The proposed strategy was validated with a public EEG dataset, achieving an accuracy of 89.63% and an accuracy of 88.56% with the private dataset. The network had less complexity with only six layers. The results show that our strategy is credible, less complex and useful in predicting depression using EEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.M.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kebin Jia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.M.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhuozheng Wang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (W.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.M.)
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7
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Wang CH, Tsai KY. Optimization of machine learning method combined with brain-computer interface rehabilitation system. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:379-385. [PMID: 35527849 PMCID: PMC9057683 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Stroke patients are unable to move on their own and must be rehabilitated to
allow the nervous system to trigger and restore its function. Traditional practice is to
use electrode caps to extract brain wave features and combine them with assistive devices.
However, there are problems that the electrode cap is not easy to wear, and the potential
recognition is not good, and different extraction methods will affect the accuracy of the
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), which still has room for improvement. [Participants and
Methods] The brainwave headphones used in this experiment do not must a conductive gel to
get a good EEG for neural induction and drive the upper limb rehabilitation robot. Next, 8
stroke patients and 200 normal participants were invited for a 4-week rehabilitation
training. The effectiveness of the training was determined using Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT), Magnitude squared coherence (MSC) feature extraction methods, and
five machine learning techniques that induced flicker frequencies. [Results] The results
show that the optimal steady-state visual evoked flicker frequency is 6 Hz, and the
identification rate of FFT is about 5.2% higher than that of the MSC method. Using an
optimized model for different feature extraction methods can improve the recognition rate
by 1.3%–9.1%. [Conclusion] The images based on Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Modified
Ashworth Scale (MAS) index improvement, and functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (fMRI) show that the sensory region of brain movement has become a
concentrated activation phenomenon. Besides strengthening the feature extraction method
also lets the elbow has an obvious recovery effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yu Tsai
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University: No. 100, Sec. 1, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung city 407, Taiwan
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Choi JH, Duboue ER, Macurak M, Chanchu JM, Halpern ME. Specialized neurons in the right habenula mediate response to aversive olfactory cues. eLife 2021; 10:e72345. [PMID: 34878403 PMCID: PMC8691842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric specializations are well studied at the functional level but less is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. We identified a small cluster of cholinergic neurons in the dorsal habenula (dHb) of zebrafish, defined by their expression of the lecithin retinol acyltransferase domain containing 2 a (lratd2a) gene and their efferent connections with a subregion of the ventral interpeduncular nucleus (vIPN). The lratd2a-expressing neurons in the right dHb are innervated by a subset of mitral cells from both the left and right olfactory bulb and are activated upon exposure to the odorant cadaverine that is repellent to adult zebrafish. Using an intersectional strategy to drive expression of the botulinum neurotoxin specifically in these neurons, we find that adults no longer show aversion to cadaverine. Mutants with left-isomerized dHb that lack these neurons are also less repelled by cadaverine and their behavioral response to alarm substance, a potent aversive cue, is diminished. However, mutants in which both dHb have right identity appear more reactive to alarm substance. The results implicate an asymmetric dHb-vIPN neural circuit in the processing of repulsive olfactory cues and in modulating the resultant behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Choi
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Erik R Duboue
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic UniversityJupiterUnited States
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic UniversityJupiterUnited States
| | - Michelle Macurak
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jean-Michel Chanchu
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Marnie E Halpern
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
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9
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Jeong HJ, Cho YS. The effects of induced and trait anxiety on the sequential modulation of emotional conflict. Psychol Res 2021; 85:618-33. [PMID: 32016501 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate whether induced anxiety, as well as trait anxiety, would lead to the failure of the regulation of emotional conflict. To measure the regulation of emotional conflict, the congruency sequence effect (CSE), which is a reduced effect of task-irrelevant distractor after incongruent trials compared to congruent trials, was observed while participants performed an emotional conflict task. In Experiment 1, participants performed the task in a safe context and a threatening context where a couple of electric shocks were given randomly on two consecutive days. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same task in either a safe or threatening context to avoid a potential carryover effect of the threat. The CSE observed in the safe context disappeared in the threatening context as well as in participants with high-trait anxiety level even without the threat. The findings imply that induced anxiety causes a failure of cognitive control that engenders the CSE in emotional congruency tasks. Moreover, such failure driven by participants' trait anxiety level might be a potential predisposing factor leading to anxiety disorders. Overall, these results suggest that induced anxiety, as well as trait anxiety, has an adverse impact on the sequential modulation of emotional conflict.
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Riley EA, Owora A, McCleary J, Anderson A. Sleepiness, Exertion Fatigue, Arousal, and Vigilant Attention in Persons With Chronic Aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2019; 28:1491-1508. [PMID: 31437012 DOI: 10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Individuals in the acute and chronic stages of stroke recovery often report more daytime sleepiness (Sterr, Herron, Dijk, & Ellis, 2008) and fatigue that qualitatively differs from "normal" feelings of fatigue they experienced prestroke (De Doncker, Dantzer, Ormstad, & Kuppuswamy, 2018). Speech-language pathologists frequently observe signs of fatigue in their clients with aphasia and perceive that client fatigue impedes therapeutic interventions (Riley, 2017). The current study aimed to quantify daytime sleepiness, exertion fatigue, and physiologically measured arousal and vigilant attention in persons with aphasia. Method We measured sleepiness, exertion fatigue, arousal, and vigilant attention in 10 participants with aphasia and 10 neurologically healthy adults. Daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991). Exertion fatigue was measured using the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (B. Y. Tseng, Gajewski, & Kluding, 2010) before and after a 72-min computer-administered language task. Arousal was measured using heart rate and variability (Shaffer & Ginsberg, 2017). Vigilant attention was measured using electroencephalography and subsequently classified into 1 of 4 levels of vigilant attention using a classification algorithm (Berka et al., 2004). Results Persons with aphasia did not show significant differences from controls in reported amount of daytime sleepiness, exertion fatigue, or overall physiological arousal but demonstrated different patterns of electroencephalography-measured vigilant attention and error production as compared to controls. Conclusions Although overall sleepiness, exertion fatigue, and overall arousal did not differ between groups, physiological measures of vigilant attention may be more sensitive to differences and may explain feelings of fatigue that persons with chronic aphasia experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellyn A Riley
- Aphasia Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, NY
| | - Arthur Owora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Joshua McCleary
- Aphasia Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, NY
| | - Alyssa Anderson
- Aphasia Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, NY
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Yu Q, Zhuang Q, Wang B, Liu X, Zhao G, Zhang M. The effect of anxiety on emotional recognition: evidence from an ERP study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16146. [PMID: 30385790 PMCID: PMC6212571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-related bias in the recognition memory based on trait anxiety has induced some studies. Their results, however, were conflicting. In fact, anxious differences not only differed from personality traits but also from different anxiety mood levels. We explored the emotional memory bias in both trait and state anxiety individuals, the high trait and high state anxiety group, the high trait and low state anxiety group, the low trait and high state anxiety group, and the low trait and low state anxiety group, on classic recognition paradigm using event-related potentials (ERPs). The behavioral results showed high state anxiety levels increased the d' of negative words, regardless of the trait anxiety of participant is high or low, and a lower d' of recognition memory for negative words than for neutral and positive words in all participants. Moreover, Electrophysiological results supported the findings of behavior, showing an earlier N400 (250-500 ms) latency elicited for new-negative words in high state level than in low state levels in right parietal region. These results suggested that the memory bias to negative events resides in state anxiety, but not in trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xingze Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, 453003, China.
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Wang Y, Lu J, Gu C, Hu B. Mapping the frontal alpha asymmetry indicators of habitual emotion regulation: a data-driven approach. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1288-92. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Ward RT, Smith SL, Kraus BT, Allen AV, Moses MA, Simon-Dack SL. Alpha band frequency differences between low-trait and high-trait anxious individuals. Neuroreport 2018; 29:79-83. [PMID: 29189634 DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trait anxiety has been shown to cause significant impairments on attentional tasks. Current research has identified alpha band frequency differences between low-trait and high-trait anxious individuals. Here, we further investigated the underlying alpha band frequency differences between low-trait and high-trait anxious individuals during their resting state and the completion of an inhibition executive functioning task. Using human participants and quantitative electroencephalographic recordings, we measured alpha band frequency in individuals both high and low in trait anxiety during their resting state, and while they completed an Eriksen Flanker Task. Results indicated that high-trait anxious individuals exhibit a desynchronization in alpha band frequency from a resting state to when they complete the Eriksen Flanker Task. This suggests that high-trait anxious individuals maintain fewer attentional resources at rest and must martial resources for task performance as compared with low-trait anxious individuals, who appear to maintain stable cognitive resources between rest and task performance. These findings add to the cognitive neuroscience literature surrounding the role of alpha band frequency in low-trait and high-trait anxious individuals.
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14
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Gable PA, Neal LB, Threadgill AH. Regulatory behavior and frontal activity: Considering the role of revised-BIS in relative right frontal asymmetry. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gable
- Department of Psychology; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama
| | - Lauren B. Neal
- Department of Psychology; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama
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Toh WL, Castle DJ, Rossell SL. Attentional biases in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): Eye-tracking using the emotional Stroop task. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 74:151-161. [PMID: 28167328 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterised by repetitive behaviours and/or mental acts occurring in response to preoccupations with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance. This study aimed to examine attentional biases in BDD via the emotional Stroop task with two modifications: i) incorporating an eye-tracking paradigm, and ii) employing an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) control group. METHOD Twenty-one BDD, 19 OCD and 21 HC participants, who were age-, sex-, and IQ-matched, were included. A card version of the emotional Stroop task was employed based on seven 10-word lists: (i) BDD-positive, (ii) BDD-negative, (iii) OCD-checking, (iv) OCD-washing, (v) general positive, (vi) general threat, and (vii) neutral (as baseline). Participants were asked to read aloud words and word colours consecutively, thereby yielding accuracy and latency scores. Eye-tracking parameters were also measured. RESULTS Participants with BDD exhibited significant Stroop interference for BDD-negative words relative to HC participants, as shown by extended colour-naming latencies. In contrast, the OCD group did not exhibit Stroop interference for OCD-related nor general threat words. Only mild eye-tracking anomalies were uncovered in clinical groups. Inspection of individual scanning styles and fixation heat maps however revealed that viewing strategies adopted by clinical groups were generally disorganised, with avoidance of certain disorder-relevant words and considerable visual attention devoted to non-salient card regions. CONCLUSION The operation of attentional biases to negative disorder-specific words was corroborated in BDD. Future replication studies using other paradigms are vital, given potential ambiguities inherent in emotional Stroop task interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Toh
- Departments of Psychological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Level 4, 607 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - David J Castle
- Departments of Psychological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Mental Health, PO Box 2900, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Departments of Psychological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Level 4, 607 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Mental Health, PO Box 2900, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Goodwin H, Yiend J, Hirsch CR. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, worry and attention to threat: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 54:107-122. [PMID: 28448826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among anxious populations, attention has been demonstrated to be preferentially biased to threatening material compared to neutral or other valenced material. Individuals who have high levels of trait worry, such as those with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), may be biased to threat but research has produced equivocal findings. This review aimed to systematically review the extant experimental literature to establish the current evidence of attentional bias to threat among trait worriers compared to healthy controls and other clinical populations. Twenty-nine published articles were included in the final review. There was strong evidence of a bias to threat among GAD patients compared to other groups and this was found across most experimental paradigms. Few studies had investigated this bias in non-clinical trait worriers. Among GAD patients this bias to threat was most strongly evidenced when visual threat material was in a verbal-linguistic format (i.e., words) rather than when in pictorial form (i.e., images or faces). The bias was also found across several domains of negative material, supporting the general nature of worry. Further research should look to examine the specific components of the threat bias in GAD, as well as investigating the bias to threat in trait worriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Yiend
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom.
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Dziembowska I, Izdebski P, Rasmus A, Brudny J, Grzelczak M, Cysewski P. Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on EEG Alpha Asymmetry and Anxiety Symptoms in Male Athletes: A Pilot Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2017; 41:141-50. [PMID: 26459346 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFB) has been shown as useful tool to manage stress in various populations. The present study was designed to investigate whether the biofeedback-based stress management tool consisting of rhythmic breathing, actively self-generated positive emotions and a portable biofeedback device induce changes in athletes' HRV, EEG patterns, and self-reported anxiety and self-esteem. The study involved 41 healthy male athletes, aged 16-21 (mean 18.34 ± 1.36) years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: biofeedback and control. Athletes in the biofeedback group received HRV biofeedback training, athletes in the control group didn't receive any intervention. During the randomized controlled trial (days 0-21), the mean anxiety score declined significantly for the intervention group (change-4 p < 0.001) but not for the control group (p = 0.817). In addition, as compared to the control, athletes in biofeedback group showed substantial and statistically significant improvement in heart rate variability indices and changes in power spectra of both theta and alpha brain waves, and alpha asymmetry. These changes suggest better self-control in the central nervous system and better flexibility of the autonomic nervous system in the group that received biofeedback training. A HRV biofeedback-based stress management tool may be beneficial for stress reduction for young male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dziembowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.,Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Izdebski
- Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna Rasmus
- Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janina Brudny
- Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Eating Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univeristy in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Grzelczak
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Sport, the University of Economy in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Cysewski
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univeristy in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Wilson P. Frontal alpha asymmetry as a pathway to behavioural withdrawal in depression: Research findings and issues. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Raye Chen-Hua Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Wood KH, Wheelock MD, Shumen JR, Bowen KH, Ver Hoef LW, Knight DC. Controllability modulates the neural response to predictable but not unpredictable threat in humans. Neuroimage 2015; 119:371-81. [PMID: 26149610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress resilience is mediated, in part, by our ability to predict and control threats within our environment. Therefore, determining the neural mechanisms that regulate the emotional response to predictable and controllable threats may provide important new insight into the processes that mediate resilience to emotional dysfunction and guide the future development of interventions for anxiety disorders. To better understand the effect of predictability and controllability on threat-related brain activity in humans, two groups of healthy volunteers participated in a yoked Pavlovian fear conditioning study during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Threat predictability was manipulated by presenting an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that was either preceded by a conditioned stimulus (i.e., predictable) or by presenting the UCS alone (i.e., unpredictable). Similar to animal model research that has employed yoked fear conditioning procedures, one group (controllable condition; CC), but not the other group (uncontrollable condition; UC) was able to terminate the UCS. The fMRI signal response within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsomedial PFC, ventromedial PFC, and posterior cingulate was diminished during predictable compared to unpredictable threat (i.e., UCS). In addition, threat-related activity within the ventromedial PFC and bilateral hippocampus was diminished only to threats that were both predictable and controllable. These findings provide insight into how threat predictability and controllability affects the activity of brain regions (i.e., ventromedial PFC and hippocampus) involved in emotion regulation, and may have important implications for better understanding neural processes that mediate emotional resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joshua R Shumen
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kenton H Bowen
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lawrence W Ver Hoef
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David C Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Asakawa T, Muramatsu A, Hayashi T, Urata T, Taya M, Mizuno-Matsumoto Y. Comparison of EEG propagation speeds under emotional stimuli on smartphone between the different anxiety states. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:1006. [PMID: 25540618 PMCID: PMC4261731 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effect of different anxiety states on information processing as measured by an electroencephalography (EEG) using emotional stimuli on a smartphone. Twenty-three healthy subjects were assessed for their anxiety states using The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and divided into two groups: low anxiety (I, II) or high anxiety (III and IV, V). An EEG was performed while the participant was presented with emotionally laden audiovisual stimuli (resting, pleasant, and unpleasant sessions) and emotionally laden sentence stimuli (pleasant sentence, unpleasant sentence sessions) and EEG data was analyzed using propagation speed analysis. The propagation speed of the low anxiety group at the medial coronal for resting stimuli for all time segments was higher than those of high anxiety group. The low anxiety group propagation speeds at the medial sagittal for unpleasant stimuli in the 0–30 and 60–150 s time frames were higher than those of high anxiety group. The propagation speeds at 150 s for all stimuli in the low anxiety group were significantly higher than the correspondent propagation speeds of the high anxiety group. These events suggest that neural information processes concerning emotional stimuli differ based on current anxiety state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Physiology and Biological Information, Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Applied Informatics, University of Hyogo Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Department of Medical Engineering, Aino University Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Urata
- Faculty of The Physical Education, Osaka University of Health and Sports Science Osaka, Japan
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Stewart AM, Yang E, Nguyen M, Kalueff AV. Developing zebrafish models relevant to PTSD and other trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:67-79. [PMID: 25138994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma- and stress-related disorders (TSRDs) represent a serious societal and public health concern, their pathogenesis is largely unknown. Given the clinical complexity of TSRD development and susceptibility, greater investigation into candidate biomarkers and specific genetic pathways implicated in both risk and resilience to trauma becomes critical. In line with this, numerous animal models have been extensively used to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of PTSD and related TSRD. Here, we discuss the rapidly increasing potential of zebrafish as models of these disorders, and how their use may aid researchers in uncovering novel treatments and therapies in this field.
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Abstract
Research on electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetries and anxiety proneness has recently spread to emotion regulation capabilities. We studied whether attentional control (AC), a temperamental construct related to emotional regulation, was associated with asymmetrical patterns of resting EEG activity at the frontal and parietal regions, reflected not only in the α frequency band (8-13 Hz) but also in higher bands β1 (13-20 Hz) and β2 (20-30 Hz). Self-reports of AC and trait anxiety, and resting EEG recordings, were obtained from 58 healthy participants. Correlational analysis showed that lower levels of self-reported AC were associated with less α, β1, and β2 powers in the left parietal cortex, while no significant relationships were found between the AC and EEG oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. The role of the left and right parietal lobes in the attentional processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morillas-Romero Alfonso
- University of the Balearic Islands, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, Palma, Spain.
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Longin E, Rautureau G, Perez-Diaz F, Jouvent R, Dubal S. Impact of fearful expression on danger processing: The influence of the level of trait anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Background This study tested 37 Chinese male pathological gamblers and 40 controls to understand the relationship between pathological gambling and impulsivity as a long-term trait or a short-term state in the cognitive and affective domain. Results Trait impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. State impulsivity in the cognitive and affective domains were measured by the Stroop Color Word Test and the Emotional Conflict Task, respectively. The pathological gamblers scored significantly higher than the controls on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. However, there were no significant group differences in performance on the Stroop Color Word Test or the Emotional Conflict Task. Conclusions Findings clearly show that pathological gambling is associated with trait but not state impulsivity. In other words, pathological gambling is associated with an impulsivity stemming from enduring personality characteristics that lead gamblers to focus on short-term gains (trait impulsivity) rather than momentary cognitive or affective disinhibition (state impulsivity). Interventions should aim to change pathological gamblers' habitual functioning style by cultivating healthy reflection habits and focusing on long-term rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dm Lai
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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