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Tuda M, Iwase SI, Kébé K, Haran J, Skuhrovec J, Sanaei E, Tsuji N, Podlussány A, Merkl O, El-Heneidy AH, Morimoto K. Diversification, selective sweep, and body size in the invasive Palearctic alfalfa weevil infected with Wolbachia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9664. [PMID: 33958611 PMCID: PMC8102540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The alfalfa weevil Hypera postica, native to the Western Palearctic, is an invasive legume pest with two divergent mitochondrial clades in its invading regions, the Western clade and the Eastern/Egyptian clade. However, knowledge regarding the native populations is limited. The Western clade is infected with the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in host weevils. Our aim was to elucidate the spatial genetic structure of this insect and the effect of Wolbachia on its population diversity. We analyzed two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes of the weevil from its native ranges. The Western clade was distributed in western/central Europe, whereas the Eastern/Egyptian clade was distributed from the Mediterranean basin to central Asia. Intermediate mitotypes were found from the Balkans to central Asia. Most Western clade individuals in western Europe were infected with an identical Wolbachia strain. Mitochondrial genetic diversity of the infected individuals was minimal. The infected clades demonstrated a higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio than the uninfected clades, suggesting a higher fixation of nonsynonymous mutations due to a selective sweep by Wolbachia. Trans-Mediterranean and within-European dispersal routes were supported. We suggest that the ancestral populations diversified by geographic isolation due to glaciations and that the diversity was reduced in the west by a recent Wolbachia-driven sweep(s). The intermediate clade exhibited a body size and host plant that differed from the other clades. Pros and cons of the possible use of infected-clade males to control uninfected populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Tuda
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iwase
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Khadim Kébé
- GRBA-BE, LE3PI Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology, Polytechnic Higher School of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julien Haran
- CBGP, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jiri Skuhrovec
- Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ehsan Sanaei
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomichi Tsuji
- Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ottó Merkl
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ahmed H El-Heneidy
- Department of Biological Control, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Sanaei E, Husemann M, Seiedy M, Rethwisch M, Tuda M, Toshova TB, Kim MJ, Atanasova D, Kim I. Global genetic diversity, lineage distribution, and Wolbachia infection of the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9546-9563. [PMID: 31534674 PMCID: PMC6745856 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) is a well-known example of a worldwide-distributed pest with high genetic variation. Based on the mitochondrial genes, the alfalfa weevil clusters into two main mitochondrial lineages. However, there is no clear picture of the global diversity and distribution of these lineages; neither the drivers of its diversification are known. However, it appears likely that historic demographic events including founder effects played a role. In addition, Wolbachia, a widespread intracellular parasite/symbiont, likely played an important role in the evolution of the species. Wolbachia infection so far was only detected in the Western lineage of H. postica with no information on the infecting strain, its frequency, and its consequences on the genetic diversity of the host. We here used a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of the host and sequence information on Wolbachia to document the distribution of strains and the degree of infection. The Eastern lineage has a higher genetic diversity and is found in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and eastern America, whereas the less diverse Western lineage is found in Central Europe and the western America. Both lineages are infected with the same common strain of Wolbachia belonging to Supergroup B. Based on neutrality tests, selection tests, and the current distribution and diversification of Wolbachia in H. postica, we suggested the Wolbachia infection did not shape genetic diversity of the host. The introduced populations in the United States are generally genetically less diverse, which is in line with founder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sanaei
- Department of Applied BiologyCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceChonnam National UniversityGwnagjuKorea
- School of Biological ScienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Marjan Seiedy
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living OrganismsCollege of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Midori Tuda
- Faculty of AgricultureInstitute of Biological ControlKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Laboratory of Insect Natural EnemiesDepartment of Bioresource SciencesFaculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Teodora B. Toshova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Applied BiologyCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceChonnam National UniversityGwnagjuKorea
| | - Daniela Atanasova
- Department of EntomologyFaculty of Plant Protection and AgroecologyAgricultural UniversityPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Applied BiologyCollege of Agriculture and Life ScienceChonnam National UniversityGwnagjuKorea
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