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Kosik P, Durdik M, Skorvaga M, Klimova D, Kochanova D, Cerna Z, Kubes M, Holop M, Belyaev I. Induction of AML Preleukemic Fusion Genes in HSPCs and DNA Damage Response in Preleukemic Fusion Gene Positive Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030481. [PMID: 33803739 PMCID: PMC8003332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preleukemic fusion genes (PFGs) occurring after DNA damage in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) in utero often represent the initial event in the development of childhood leukemia. While the incidence of PFGs characteristic for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was relatively well examined by several research groups and estimated to be 1–5% in umbilical cord blood (UCB) of healthy newborns, PFGs that are relevant to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were poorly investigated. Therefore, this study is focused on the estimation of the incidence of the most frequent AML PFGs in newborns. For the first time, this study considered the inducibility of AML PFGs in different subsets of UCB HSPCs by low-dose γ-rays and also compared endogenous DNA damage, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level between UCB samples containing or lacking AML PFGs. We found that: (i) the incidence of AML PFGs in UCB was 3.19% for RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 3.19% for PML-RARα, and 1.17% for KMT2A-MLLT3, (ii) 50 cGy of γ-rays did not induce RUNX1-RUNX1T1, PML-RARα, or KMT2A-MLLT3 PFGs in different subsets of sorted and expanded HSPCs, and (iii) the AML PFG+ samples accumulated the same level of endogenous DNA damage, as measured by the γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation, and also the same ROS level, and apoptosis as compared to PFG− controls. Our study provides critical insights into the prevalence of AML PFGs in UCB of newborns, without the evidence of a specific HSPC population more susceptible for PFG formation after irradiation to low-dose γ-rays or increased amount of ROS, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-32295-118
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Klimova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Zlatica Cerna
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Miroslav Kubes
- Stem Cell Lab, BIOM-R, Ltd., 841 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Marek Holop
- Stem Cell Lab, BIOM-R, Ltd., 841 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
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